For about 8, 000inhabitants of Nagato-machi and Wada-mura, Nagano prefecture, various mass screenings have been carried out for this 14years. These are gastric mass survey carried out from 1971, primary health screening from 1972, multiphasic health testing and service from 1978, mass screening for breast and thyroid cancer from 1980 and ultrasonographic mass screening for liver, gallbladder and pancreas cancer from 1983.
Among the total of 38, 593examinees, 90patients 92diseases were detected to be operated. Maligant diseases are 9kinds 40patients 42diseases and benign ones are llkinds 50patients.
The largest number of the diseases is 29gastric cancers. Almost of malignant diseases, 36/ 40patients, were detected sincel978 and their prognosis are very good, namely 2patients of gastric cancer, one hepatoma and one breast cancer have died of the malady and one bile duct cancer died of other disease until now.
The route of detection and prognosis of all operated patients, the present condition and the policy of all mass screenings and the necessity of increase of the examinees, especially the old men and women, are discussed.

Since Sep. 1978, 123 patients of gastric cancer were operated in our hospital, 32 patients of them were detected by gastric mass rurvey (MS group) and 91 were outpatients (OP group).
Clinically and histologically, we have reviewed and compared the two groups about the process of detection, the treatment and the prognosis.
Results are as follows.
(1) There were much more patients in MS group than OP group who had no symptom and no complaining period and who had experienced mass survey more frequently. It resulted that the ratio of early gastric cancer of MS and OP group were 68.8% and 33.0% and those who received curative resection were 96.9% and 61.5% respectively.
(2) The cancer occupying the upper third of the stomach was rarely seen and tumorsize less than 0.5 cm was never seen in MS group, but the both were not rarely in OP group which had been examined mainly by endoscopy.
Of course we know that we must make efforts to find these lesions from mass survey. But endoscopical method is more profitable than indirect fluoroscopy to find fine lesions, so it is suggested that endoscopy mass survey will be more useful.
(3) According to The General Rules For The Gastric Cancer Study In Surgery And Pathology (Japanese Research Society For Gastric Cancer), we compared the prognosis of the two groups concerning 4 matters of the patients who were received absolute curative resection, whose cancer invaded to serosa, who had no evidence of regional lymph node involvement and whose histological stage was I or II.
The result was that MS group was superior to OP group on all matters.
The causes, we supposed, were the facts of OP group that many patients were in bad preoperative condition, so the dissections were not made successfully, and that many died of other malady.
Five year survival rates of MS and OP group were 89.8% and 39.0% respectively.

Objectives: Despite the fact that the total energy intake of Japanese people has decreased, the percentage of obese people has increased.This suggests that the timing of meals is related to obesity.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the timing of meals and obesity, based on analyses of physical measurements, serum biochemical markers, nutrient intake, and lifestyle factors in the context of Chrononutrition.
Participants and Methods: We analyzed data derived from 766 residents of Toon City (286 males and 480 females) aged 30 to 79 years who underwent detailed medical examinations between 2011 and 2013. These medical examinations included. (1) physical measurements (waist circumference, blood pressure, etc.); (2) serum biochemical markers (total cholesterol, etc.); (3) a detailed questionnaire concerning lifestyle factors such as family structure and daily habits (22 issues), exercise and eating habits (28 issues), alcohol intake and smoking habits; (4) a food frequency questionnaire based on food groups (FFQg);and (5) a questionnaire concerning the times at which meals and snacks are consumed.
Results: The values for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were higher for participants who ate dinner less than three hours before bedtime (<3-h group) than those who ate more than three hours before bedtime (>3-h group). The Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in eating habits, e.g., eating snacks, eating snacks at night, having dinner after 8 p.m., and having dinner after 9 p.m., between the <3-h group and the >3-h group.
Multiple linear regression analysis showed that skipping breakfast significantly influenced both waist circumference (β = 5.271) and BMI (β = 1.440) and that eating dinner <3-h before going to bed only influenced BMI (β = 0.581).
Conclusion: Skipping breakfast had a greater influence on both waist circumference and BMI than eating dinner <3-h before going to bed.

Objective: Despite the fact that the total energy intake of Japanese peoplehas decreased, the percentage of obese people has increased. This suggests that the timingof meals is related to obesity. The purpose of the study was to investigate therelationship between the timing of meals and obesity, based on analyses of physicalmeasurements, serum biochemical markers, nutrient intake, and lifestyle factors in thecontext of Chrononutrition.
Participants and Methods: We analyzed data derived from 766 residents ofToon City (286 males and 480 females) aged 30 to 79 years who underwent detailed medicalexaminations between 2011 and 2013. These medical examinations included. (1) physicalmeasurements (waist circumference, blood pressure, etc.); (2) serum biochemical markers(total cholesterol, etc.); (3) a detailed questionnaire concerning lifestyle factors suchas family structure and daily habits (22 issues), exercise and eating habits (28 issues),alcohol intake and smoking habits; (4) a food frequency questionnaire based on food groups(FFQg); and (5) a questionnaire concerning the times at which meals and snacks areconsumed.
Results: The values for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference werehigher for participants who ate dinner less than three hours before bedtime (<3-hgroup) than those who ate more than three hours before bedtime (>3-h group). TheChi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in eating habits, e.g.,eating snacks, eating snacks at night, having dinner after 8 p.m., and having dinner after9 p.m., between the <3-h group and the >3-h group. Multiple linear regressionanalysis showed that skipping breakfast significantly influenced both waist circumference(β = 5.271) and BMI (β = 1.440) and that eating dinner <3-h before going to bed onlyinfluenced BMI (β = 0.581).
Conclusion: Skipping breakfast had a greater influence on both waistcircumference and BMI than eating dinner <3-h before going to bed.

The mortality rate of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is more than 80% in Japan, which is markedly higher than that in adults. Basic life support (BLS) by bystanders is essential for preventing sudden cardiac death. In the model core curriculum for pharmaceutical education in 2024, students must acquire the ability to ensure public health. As part of our educational policy, pharmacy students provide a workshop on infant BLS. This workshop is incorporated after the PUSH course, an authorized training program for BLS focused on chest compressions and AED use of people over elementary school age, for convenience. We herein investigated whether infant BLS training promoted the comprehension of and motivation to perform BLS for infants and assessed the educational relevance of pharmacy students serving as instructors of the BLS training course. Questionnaire responses were obtained from participants before and after the workshop. The majority of participants were college students and childcare workers. Knowledge of infant BLS by childcare workers was significantly more extensive than that by the other participants; however, overall understanding of infant BLS and the motivation to contribute to it increased irrespective of participant backgrounds. Overall improvement was also observed in the items necessary to implement BLS excluding artificial ventilation even though the instructions were given only by pharmacy students. The present results demonstrate that infant BLS training effectively enhanced public motivation to perform BLS for infants with cardiac arrest.