1.Enterovirus 71 infection induces apoptosis in Vero cells.
Yoke-Fun Chan ; Sazaly Abubakar
The Malaysian journal of pathology 2003;25(1):29-35
The effects of Enterovirus 71 (HEV71) infection on African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) were investigated. It was found that the infected cells showed progressive cellular morphological changes characteristic in apoptotic cells within 10 hours post-infection. The number of apoptotic cells correlated significantly with the number of HEV71 antigen positive cells when cells were labeled using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and stained for HEV71 antigen. Approximately 11, 26, 45 and 50% of the infected cells were apoptotic at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-infection, respectively. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, characteristic in the late stage of apoptosis was noted beginning on day 2 post-infection. The DNA fragmentation, however, was absent in cells treated with the heat- and ultraviolet light-inactivated virus inocula. These results demonstrate the capacity of HEV71 to induce apoptosis in the infected cells. The induction, however, requires high level of HEV71 infectivity and the presence of live virus particles, suggesting the need for the presence of specific viral proteins for apoptosis to occur.
Infection as complication of medical care
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2.Enterovirus 71 in Malaysia: A decade later
Yoke-Fun Chan ; I-Ching Sam ; Kai-Li Wee ; Sazaly Abubakar
Neurology Asia 2011;16(1):1-15
In the last decade, Malaysia has experienced several hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics,
complicated by fatalities due to severe neurological involvement. Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) has been
implicated as the major causative agent for these epidemics. EV-71 infection is a global public health
problem with pandemic potential. In many parts of Asia-Pacifi c, the virus has emerged as one of the
most deadly virus infections amongst young children. The virus is highly transmissible through faecaloral
route and respiratory droplets. A recent rise in neurological complications and deaths suggests
that the viruses currently circulating may be more virulent. The major risk factor associated with
more severe EV-71 infection is young age and poor cellular immunity. Rapid laboratory diagnosis and
molecular surveillance is important to closely monitor the emergence of new EV-71 subgenotypes.
Since vaccine and anti-virals for EV-71 are not available, control and prevention strategies remain
the only ways to combat the infection.
3.Zika virus and its potential re-emergence in Malaysia
Jamal I-Ching Sam ; Yoke Fun Chan ; Indra Vythilingam ; Wan Yusoff Wan Sulaiman
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2016;71(2):66-68
Zika virus (ZIKV) has re-emerged to cause explosive
epidemics in the Pacific and Latin America, and appears to
be associated with severe neurological complications
including microcephaly in babies. ZIKV is transmitted to
humans by Aedes mosquitoes, principally Ae. aegypti, and
there is historical evidence of ZIKV circulation in Southeast
Asia. It is therefore clear that Malaysia is at risk of similar
outbreaks. Local and international guidelines are available
for surveillance, diagnostics, and management of exposed
and infected individuals. ZIKV is the latest arbovirus to have
spread globally beyond its initial restricted niche, and is
unlikely to be the last. Innovative new methods for
surveillance and control of vectors are needed to target
mosquito-borne diseases as a whole.
Zika Virus
4.Prevalence of glucose intolerance, and associated antenatal and historical risk factors among Malaysian women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Wai Fong CHEW ; Pendek ROKIAH ; Siew Pheng CHAN ; Winnie Siew Swee CHEE ; Lai Fun LEE ; Yoke Mun CHAN
Singapore medical journal 2012;53(12):814-820
INTRODUCTIONWomen with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) are at increased risk of future glucose intolerance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the associated antenatal and historical risk factors among women with PGDM.
METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study conducted at University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was performed in a cohort of multiethnic women with PGDM. Body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, fasting lipid profile and blood pressure were obtained. Data pertaining to the index gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were obtained from medical records and interviews.
RESULTS448 women were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM was 26.2% and 35.5%, respectively. On multinomial logistic regression analysis, fasting plasma glucose at diagnosis of index GDM and duration lapse after index GDM were shown to be significantly higher in women with isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), combined IFG/impaired glucose tolerance and T2DM, as compared to women with normal glucose tolerance (p < 0.05). 2-hour plasma glucose at diagnosis of index GDM was significantly higher only in women who progressed to T2DM when compared to those that remained normal glucose tolerant (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONIn this study, duration lapse after index GDM, fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour plasma glucose at diagnosis of index GDM were important risk factors for early identification of women at high risk for future glucose intolerance. These may be useful for developing potential preventive strategies.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes, Gestational ; blood ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Malaysia ; epidemiology ; Postpartum Period ; blood ; Prediabetic State ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors