Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen presenting cells (APC) that play critical roles in the initiation of T cell response and development of T cell-dependent antibodies in vivo. CD34_+ hematopoietic progenitor cells of bone marrow and peripheral blood can differentiate into DC when cultured with GM-CSF and TNF-? in vitro. In the present study, we cultured monocytes isolated from human peripheral blood with 100ng/ml hGM-CSF and 500U/ml hIL-4 for one week, and then found that a large number of DC with high purity were gengerated. DC expressed MHC I , MHC II and costimuladng moleculers highly on cell surface and cound stimulate proliferation of allogeneic T lymphocytes. Self serum or fetal calf serum are best for generation of DC. When hGM-CSF was used alone, the monocytes differentiated into macrophages but not to DC. TNF-? could induce further maturation of DC when added in late period of the culture. Generation of DC from human peripheral blood may facilitate further studies on DC and their clinical applications.

Objective The aim of our study was to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and to evaluate the prognostic factors of postoperative PNENs.Methods The clinicopathological data of 101 postoperative PNENs patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively.We analyzed the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors.The survival analysis was conducted by Kaplan-Meier method and survival analysis was performed by Cox model.Results 101 patients with PNENs were enrolled,including 46.5％ male(n=47) and 53.5％ female(n=54),the median age was 51 years old (ranged 19-80).94 patients(93.1％) with neuroendocrine tumors(NETs),7 patients(6.9％) with neuroendocrine carcinomas(NECs).The mean size of tumor was 3.3 cm(ranged 0.5-15).Immunohistochemistry staining positive rates for chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (Syn) were 89.0％ and 98.0％ respectively.Patients were 66 cases (65.3％),23 cases (22.8％) and 12 cases (11.9％) in TNM stage I,II and IV respectively.34 cases(33.7％) were F-PNENs,and 67 cases(66.3％) were NF-PNENs.Our study demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences between F-PNENs and NF-PNENs in stage,grade,neural and vascular invasion,CgA positive rate(χ2=10.372,18.162,9.699,5.547,4.043,P＜0.05).Meanwhile,significant differences were found between NETs and NECs in stage,neural and vascular invasion,CgA positive rate(χ2=11.642,5.254,14.458,5.254,P＜0.05).PNENs had better prognosis,with 5-year survival rate of 84.3％.The independent prognostic factor for survival was grade.Conclusion PNENs are a family of tumors with diversity clinical presentation and prognosis.Surgery is the main treatment method,grade of PNENs is the independent prognostic factor.

Objective To study the clinical appilication of detachable balloon embolization techenique in carotid cavernous fistula. Methods 27 cases consisted of 26 cases of typical TCCF and 1 case of CCF caused by left anterio cerebral artery(A1) aneurysm ruptured . 27 cases were treated by endovascular embolization with detachable balloon. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound(TCD) was used before and after embolization.All the patients were followed-up for more than 6 months. Results 22 cases of TCCF were cured by detachable embolization and their internal carotid artery(ICA) remained patent. The first segement of left anteriol cerebral artery was embolized by two detachable balloons in the patient with CCF caused by ruptured aneurysm. Internal carotid artery was embolized by two balloons in 4 cases. There was no severe complication in this group. Conclusions Detachable balloon embolization is a safe and effective method for internal carotid cavernous fistula.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic value of embolization in severe hemorrhagic cystitis(HC) following allogeneic stem cell transplantation.Methods Six patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation developed severe HC with a median onset time of 33 days after transplantation.All these patients had been resistant to conservative managements and received the treatment of selective embolization of bilateral internal iliac arteries.Results Eight times of embolizations were performed for 6 patients.The HC was cured in 4 patients and the HC improved in 1 patient,yielding a response rate of 83 %.One patient didn't respond to this measure.For the patients with response,macroscopic hematuria disappeared 7 to 10 days after the treatments and microscopic hematuria vanished 20 to 30 days after the intervention therapy.Both procedures were tolerated well and no severe adverse effects were observed.Conclusions Selective embolization of internal iliac arteries seems to be a safe and effective treatment for severe HC.This measure can be proposed for patients undergoing refractory and persistent severe HC.

Aortic Valve ; Fibroma ; Heart Neoplasms ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognostic factors of kidney clear cell renal carcinoma(KIRC)in international sample database.Methods From 1998 to 2012,consecutive patients with KIRC who diagnosed and treated in TCGA organizations were enrolled.Clinical characteristics,objective response and survival time were evaluated,and correlation analysis with lncRNA urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1)gene was performed.Results 512 patients with KIRC were enrolled.35.4% of patients were female,59.6% of stage Ⅰ -Ⅱ, 90.0% of white and 45.1% of grade 1 -2.Comprehensive treatment was consistent with the clinical guidelines. Significant correlation was found between UCA1 expression and 4 mRNA subtype,30 genes mRNA expression, mir -101 -1 expression and PBRM1 mutation.And patients with UCA1 overexpression could achieve poor prognosis. Conclusion Diagnosis and treatment of the international TCGA -KIRC research meets clinical guidelines.UCA1 overexpression is an important poor prognostic factor.Combined with the clinical relevance of other important driver genes,UCA1 may be significantly valuable for further study.

Objective To evaluate preoperative embolization therapy in deep oral cavity tumor.Methods Superselective embolization of tumor-feeding artery branched from external carotid artery with gelfoam by Seldinger technique was carried in 18 cases with oral cavity tumor.Results After preoperative embolization,hemorrhage and complication rate during operation were markedly reduced.The respectable rate of the tumor was increased.Conclusion Preoperative superselective external carotid artery branch embolization is useful and simple,which makes the subsequent surgery in deep oral cavity tumor more safe and effective.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in treating oronasal cavity hemorrhage,and to discuss the the occurrence and prevention of complications.Methods The clinical data of 121 patients with refractory and fatal oronasal cavity hemorrhage,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from December 2005 to October 2013 to receive treatment,were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 116 patients were treated with TAE,and these patients were followed up for 1-3 months to evaluate the embolization effect and the occurrence of procedure-related complications was analyzed.Results Of the 116 patients,complete control of bleeding after TAE was achieved in 96 (82.7％),rebleeding within one week after TAE was seen in 19 (16.4％) and the bleeding was controlled by medication,and in the remaining one (0.9％) re-bleeding occurred within one week after TAE and embolization therapy had to be carried out again.No obvious complications occurred in 77 patients (66.4％);maxillofacial pain and numbness,low fever,limitation of mouth opening and other mild complications were observed in 35 patients (30.1％);one patient (0.9％) developed facial skin necrosis and severe headache;and 3 patients (2.6％) showed stroke symptoms due to cerebral embolism.Conclusion For the treatment of refractory and fatal oronasal cavity hemorrhage,TAE can quickly and effectively achieve the purpose of hemostasis;careful selection of proper embolization material based on the the different causes of bleeding and the responsible blood vessels is the key to ensure a successful TAE.The common postoperative complications include postembolization syndrome,local ischemia,local necrosis caused by peripheral ischemia;the main serious complications are skin necrosis of maxillofacial region and cerebral infarction caused by ectopic embolization.

Objective:To explore the regulation of Recipe Xiaoban No.1 on the expression of p53 in dystrophy of vulva.Methods:Expression of p53 was determined by immunohistochemical technique in skin lesion of prior treatment and posttreatment from 30 cases with chronic vulvar dystrophy,and normal skin from 23 health adults were served as controls.Results: Expression of p53 in various of chronic dystrophy of vulva before treatment was obviously higher than control group(P0.05).Conclusion:Recipe Xiaoban No.1 can obviously improve the clinical symptoms and decrease the expression rate of P53.

Objective To explore the potential role and function of miR-30 a in myocardial fibrosis after myocardi-al infarction( MI) .Methods We constructed the AAV plasmid vector which carried the miR-30 a gene of rat.The recombinant plasmid was detected by gene sequencing , enzyme digestion and PCR .Virus was packaged into HEK293 cells and virus titer was determined after extraction and purification by PCR .PBS fluid, rAAV9-miR-30 a-NC and rAAV9-miR-30 a were transmited to rat hearts from PBS group , miR-30 a-NC group and miR-30 a group respectively through transcoronary infusion before anterior descending coronary artery ligation .Sham group was set up at the same time.After 4 weeks, heart function was monitored by serial echocardiography , including fractional shortening ( FS) , and left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) .Masson staining was used to calculate collagen volume fraction ( CVF) .The expression of collagen ⅠandⅢwere detected by immunohistochemistry . The mRNA level of miR-30a, TGF-β1 and CTGF were detected by real-time PCR.The protein level of TGF-β1 and CTGF were detected by western blot analysis .Results The cardiac function of miR-30 a group was improved significantly compared with PBS group and miR-30a-NC group (P<0.05).The levels of CVF,collagenⅠ,Ⅲexpression and Collagen Ⅰ/Ⅲ ratio in miR-30 a group was significantly lower than PBS group and miR-30 a-NC group ( P<0.01 ) .The mRNA and protein level of TGF-β1 and CTGF in miR-30 a group were reduced signifi-cantly than PBS group and miR-30 a-NC group ( P<0.001 ) .Conclusions The overexpression of miR-30 a after MI may reduce the mRNA and protein level of TGF-β1 and CTGF, so as to suppress myocardial fibrosis and im-prove cardiac function.