The relationship between blood pressure and various risk factors were investigated in 54 cases of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with stepwise regression analysis. After evaluating the influence of age, course, body mass index (BMI), fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum IRI, C-peptide, HbA1c, plasma lipids (Ch, TG, HDL-C. LDL-C). ApoA1, ApoB2, 24h urine Alb/Cr, NAG/Cr. TRF Cr and RBP/Cr levels on blood pressure, the following results were found: 1) NIDDM patients had a two-fold increased risk of hypertension than normal population. 2) Among the 21 risk factors analysed, 6 variables were strongly correlated with blood pressure, i. e. , age, postprandial blood glucose, serum IRI, blood total cholesterol, 24h urine Alb/Cr and TRF/Cr level. 3) Postprandial hyperglycemia was the most important variable positively correlated with hypertension, followed by 24h urine Alb/Cr and plasma total cholesterol.

To investigate the effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 on the apoptosis of bovine lens epithelial cells (BLECs), the cells were treated with MG132 at different concentrations for12, 24 and 36 h. The cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay and the effect of MG132 on the apoptosis of BLECs was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that after treatment for the same period, the inhibitory effect of MG132 on BLECs proliferation was enhanced with the increment of the concentration of MG132 (0, 2, 5, 10, mumol/L) (P<0.05). The 50% inhibiting concentration (IC(50)) was 2.03 mumol/L when the BLECs were treated with MG132 for 36 h. MG132 also induced the apoptosis of BLECs obviously. FCM showed that the apoptosis index of the cells treated by MG132 at 2 mumol/L for 12 h was (20.24+/-1.51)%, and that of the control was (0.98+/-0.20)% respectively (P<0.01, n=3). It was concluded that MG132 could lead to apoptosis of BLECs. The decrease of proteasome activity may play an important role in the formation and development of cataract.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum nitric oxide (NO) and bone metabolism in streptozotocin induced early diabetic (STZ DM) rats. Methods Twenty SD rats were divided into 2 groups, 12 STZ DM rats and 8 controls. Fasting blood glucose, HbA 1c , serum insulin, bone mineral density (BMD) (whole body, lumbar and femoral bone), bone metabolic parameters 〔such as serum calcium, vitamin D 3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, osteocalcin, and urinary pyridinoline/creatinine〕, as well as serum NO were measured. Results Compared with the controls, serum NO in STZ DM group significantly elevated 〔(51.3?11.9 vs 38.1?12.0)?mol/L, P

To investigate the effect of pancreatic elastase on diabetic nephropathy,104 cases of type Ⅱ diabetic patients were selected as control group and group treated with elastase separately for a course of 6 months.The results showed that pancreatic elastase reduced microproteinuria significantly,especially mi- croalbuminuria and microtransfer rrinuria which reflect the glomerular filtration rate.It was concluded that elastase could improve early diabetic nephropathy and might have some protective effect as well.At the same time,elastase had some good effect on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

In order to research into the relationship between atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), aldosterone (Aldo) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), as well as normal pregnancy, the plasma concentrations of ANP and Aldo from normal pregnant women. PIH patients and their fetuses were measured by radioimmunoassay. It was found that maternal venous Aldo and ANP were higher in normal pregnant women than those in non-pregnant women. The plasma ANP was higher in PIH patients than that in normal pregnant women while plasma Aldo was lower. The plasma concentration of ANP was higher in the fetuses of PIH patients than that in the normal controls, but Aldo was lower. It is concluded that ANP concentration correlates significantly to the severity of PIH, and may be used for an early diagnosis of PIH.

BACKGROUND:Previous experiments have prepared shape memory polymer based on D,L-poly(lactic acid). According to domestic technical requirements for biological y evaluating biomaterials and medical equipments, tissue-engineered grafts must be subjected to preclinical experiment for biosecurity and cytocompatibility evaluation.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the biosecurity of the shape memory polymer based on D,L-poly(lactic acid).
METHODS:(1) Bacterial endotoxin test:polymer extract, endotoxin working standard solution and checking
standard water were added into limulus reagent, respectively. (2) Sensitization test:Polymer extract+Freund’s complete adjuvant+physiological saline and Freund’s complete adjuvant+physiological saline were injected into the scapula of Kunming mice. After induction by intradermal injection, local induction and excitation, stimulate skin erythema and edema degree were observed in animals. (3) Acute toxicity test:Kunming mice received intraperitoneal injection of 100%, 50%, 25%polymer leaching solution and physiological saline, respectively. (4) 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay for cel proliferation:The direct method was that human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cel s were inoculated onto the polymer film, lactic acid and glass, respectively;the indirect method was that human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cel s were inoculated into the polymer leaching solution, acrylamide solution and 1640 culture solution.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:This shape memory polymer based on D,L-poly(lactic acid) is free of bacterial contamination in compliance with the biosecurity standards, and it has no al ergenic and toxicity but has good cytocompatibility.

Objective To explore the relationship between the antiviral effect and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA when the patients reach the standard of withdrawal of antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods Ninety CHB patients treated with interferon(n=44) or nucleot (s) ide(n=46) who reached the standard of withdrawal of antiviral therapy were recruited.HBV DNA levels in PBMCs were tested at the end of treatment,and its relationship with serum HBV DNA level before treatment in PBMC HBV DNA positive group and negative group were compared.The correlation between HBV DNA in PBMCs at the end of treatment and relapse were explored.Measurement data were analyzed by student t test and enumeration data were analyzed by X2 test.Results Among 90 patients,67(74.4%) were PBMC HBV DNA negative at the end of treatment,and 23(25.6%) were positive.The serum HBV DNA positive conversion rate in PBMC HBV DNA negative patients was 13.4%,which were significantly lower than that in positive group (73.9%) (X2=30. 4873, P<0.01 ). There were no significant differences of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels when hepatitis flare (t=0. 8729, P=0. 3913) and relapse time (t=1. 9222, P=0. 0665) between PBMC HBV DNA negative group and positive group after withdrawal of therapy, while the serum HBV DNA rebound was greater in positive group than that in negative group (t=2. 7493, P=0. 0112). There were five patients who achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion, whose PBMC HBV DNA were all undetectable, and none relapsed during follow-up for 6-12 months. The pretreatment HBV DNA as level in PBMC HBV DNA positive was (7.2±1.1) lg copy/mL, which was much higher than that in negative group[(5.2±2.1) lg copy/mL] (t=4. 3557, P<0.01). Conclusions In patients who reach the standard of drug withdrawal,PBMC HBV DNA at the end of treatment is an important predictor for durability of antiviral therapy in CHB.

Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignances worldwide, among which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about 90% of all cases. Multidisciplinary multimodality therapy involving surgery, ablation, interventional treatment, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy is an effective strategy for the treatment of liver cancer. In recent years, great achievements have been made in multimodality therapy for liver cancer, especially the advances in combination therapy for advanced liver cancer and drug research and development, which improves the overall prognosis of liver cancer patients, and the improvement in targeted drug therapy and immunotherapy is expected to change the pattern of multimodality therapy for liver cancer. This article systematically reviews the recent advances in multimodality therapy for liver cancer from the aspects of local treatment and systemic therapy.

BACKGROUND: Ureteral obstruction is mainly caused by surgical technic, ischemic, and peripheral lesion compression as well as rejection; in particular, the surgical technic factor is the most important. How to effectively reduce ureteral complications following renal transplantation is significant for prompt diagnosis and clinical treatment.OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the diagnosis of 23 cases with ureteral complications following renal transplantation, and to summarize pathogeny and preventing management.METHODS: The retrospective analysis was conducted on 23 (1.98%) out of 1 160 cases with ureteral complications following renal transplantation who were selected from General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 1998 to December 2008. In 924 cases of renal transplantation with cadaver kidneys, ureteral stenosis occurred in 18 cases (1.95%), while in 236 cases with relative kidneys, ureteral stenosis occurred in 5 cases (2.12%). A total of 17 cases were performed with ureterovesicostomy; 2 with uretero-autoallergic anastomosis of ureter; 1 with cutaneous ureterostomy; 1 with ureteral liberation, resetting ureteric branch stand; 1 with saccule dilation; 1 with retrograde ureteric branch stand under cystoscope. Type-B ultrasonic examination was re-checked to determine pyeloureterectasis following treating ureteral complications.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 23 cases, stenosis of ureterovesical junction occurred in 19 cases, necrosis of the ureter on 2 cases, and twisting of ureter graft on 2 cases. Following up was performed after treatment for 3-98 months. In 20 cases, renal pelvis and urinary bladder of transplanted kidney were smooth, and function was recovered remarkably. At 4 days after surgery, serum creatinine level was decreased, and no recurrence was rechecked postoperatively. One patient had skin stoma for 8 years at least postoperatively, and the renal function was still normal. The skin stoma was replaced regularly. Therapeutic effect was poor in a patient with distension and 1 with detaining ureteric branch stand, and patients still had stricture of ureter,which was treated by a surgery. The results demonstrated that the etiology of ureteral obstruction after kidney transplantation was complex, and stenosis of ureterovesical junction was most common. Most of obstruction request surgical management. The graft function and the long-term graft survival were not affected by a correctly treated ureteral obstruction.

Objective To observe the effect of 15°-head up tilt position on quality of respiratory system during anesthesia recovery period in obese patients.Methods Eighty obese patients in ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,aged 18-60 years,with BMI≥28 kg/m2,scheduled for elective otological surgery with microscopy,were randomly divided into 2 equal groups (n =40 each):the 15°-head up tilt position group (group H) and the supine position group (group C).With traditional induction,an esthesia was maintained by TCI of propofol 2-4 μg/ml and remifentanil 5-6ug/ml,not supplying muscle relaxant during operation.After operation,group H was in 15°-head up tilt position,while group C in supine position.The time spans from recovery of spontaneous breathing to meeting the extubation standard (X) and to meeting the standard for discharging form PACU (Y) were recorded.After extubation,we also recorded the time for SpO2decreased from 100％ to 92％ with fresh air (Z) and for SpO2 increased from 92％ to 100％ with pure oxygen (W).PaO2,PaCO2 and pH were monitored before oxygen inhalation,after 3 min of oxygen inhalation,at the end of surgery,before extubation and before discharging from PACU.Results Compared with group C [(19±6) min,(57±10) min,(51 ±9) s],the time of X (14±7) min,Y (45±7) min and W (39±11) s,was significantly shorter and the time of W was obviously longer in group H(P＜0.05).Compared with group C [(169.1± 29.4) mm Hg,(70.8±4.1) mm Hg],the PaO2was increased obviously before extubation and discharging from PACU in group H [(193.4±30.5) mm Hg,(82.2±3.4) mm Hg](P＜0.05).There was no significantly difference in PaO2 at other time points.There was no significantly difference in PaCO2and pH at all points.Conclusion 15°-head up tilt position during anesthesia recovery period in obese patients can effectively improve the quality of respiratory system.