Objective To investigate the level and characteristics of working satisfaction of nurses, explore the role of top-up continuing education in clinical nursing work,and provide effective basis for the reasonable nursing post arrangement for nursing administrators. Methods Using cluster sampling method, the general information and the self-designed working satisfaction of clinical nurses questionnaire survey for 926 nurses from 22 three level of first-class hospitals of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Results The total score of working satisfaction of the upgraded nurses was higher than that of the junior college nurses. The scores comparison of 6 dimensions which were nursing working identity, the work to be recognized, job autonomy, interpersonal relationship, scientific research and teaching opportunities, personal professional development were (29.25±6.27) points vs. (21.39±5.72) points, (21.96±4.73) points vs. (18.22±3.79) points, (16.67±5.21) points vs. (13.16±4.28) points, (17.83±3.56) points vs. (13.37±4.21) points, (21.32±4.63) points vs. (15.73±5.16) points, (20.51±3.52) points vs. (15.17±4.22) points, the difference was statistically significant (t=3.936, 2.762, 2.936, 3.323, 7.616, 6.215, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between them in 2 dimensions which were scheduling situation, welfare treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions After upgraded continuing education, the comprehensive quality of nurses has been improved,and the working satisfaction has been improved significantly.

BACKGROUND: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neurophysiological therapy (NPT) of refractory epilepsy, which can control the seizure by stimulating the vagus nerve stem in cervical part.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of intermittent left-side VNS on seizure of epileptic animals, and provide theoretic basis for the interaction of somatic information and that of internal organs.DESIGN: Observation study.SETTING: Department of Neurobiology, Capital University of Medical Science.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in the Laboratory of Electrophysiology in Department of Neurobiology, Capital University of Medical Science from March 2000 to September 2002. Thirty-four healthy adult SD rats and 8 rabbits, weighting (220-250) g and (2.2-2.5) kg respectively were selected.METHODS: ①Ten rats were intramuscularly injected with (150 000-160 000) U of penicillin (PCN). VNS effects on epileptiform activities of rats were studied by observing the changes in electrocorticogram (ECoG)and behavior of rats before and after VNS.②(0.24-0.48) mg of PCN was injected into the hippocampus of another 8 rabbits to induce epilepsy, and VNS effects on ECoG of epileptic rats were observed. ③Seizures of 16 rats were induced by Kainic acid, and changes in discharge activity of hippocampal neuron, ECoG and behavior of epileptic rats were observed after VNS. ④Seizures of 8 rabbits were induced by cortical injection of strychnine with microinjector, and VNS effects on ECoG of rabbits with epilepsy induced by acute cortical injury were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①VNS effects on seizure of rats with epilepsy induced by PCN. ②VNS effects on seizure of rats with epilepsy induced by Kainic acid. ③VNS effects on epileptiform ECoG of rabbits with epilepsy induced by strychnine.RESULTS: A total of 34 rats and 8 rabbits were involved in the analysis of results. VNS could remarkably suppress the seizure of epileptic animals,and epileptiform ECoG, epileptiform discharges of hippocampal neuron and behavior significantly changed with the total effective rate greater than 50%. The total effective rate of VNS before seizure was greater than 80%.In epilepsy group indoeed by intramuscular injection of PCN, ECoG and behavior were markedlly aneliorated respectively for 40% and 50% of rats.In epilepsy group induced by injection of PCN in hippocampus, the ECoG was siguificantly ameliorated in 50% rats. In epileptic rabbit group induced by partial injection of strychnine via cerebral cortex, the epilepti form wave iu ECoG was controlled by VNS in 50 % of animals.CONCLUSION: VNS can effectively suppress seizure of epileptic animals. The antiepileptic effect of VNS is associated with cerebral cortical aud hippcampal neurons. Somatic epileptiform activity could be effectively inhibited by the integration of visceral afferent information in cortical and hippocampal parts.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of povidone-iedine cream plus vagina scrubbing with traditional preoperative vaginal preparation method in order to seek a more safe,effective,convenient and efficient method to prepare the vagina.Methods 100 cases of married patients undergoing elective gynecological surgery were divided into the observation group and the control group with 50 patients in each.The observation group adopted povidone-iodine cream plus vagina scrubbing and the control group used traditional method.Two groups were prepared in the vagina before and after taking cervical swabs for bacterial culture to compare the positive rate of bacterial culture.Results Intra-group comparison of vaginal bacterial culture before and after vaginal preparation was significantly different,but no statistical significance was seen between the two groups.Conclusions Vagina preparation with povidoneiodine cream plus vagina scrubbing can not only reduce the workload of nurses but also improve patient comfort degree.

Objective To analyze the outcomes and the prognostic factors of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Method From Feb.2002 to Feb.2014,a total of 95 patients with ALL were treated with alloPBSCT in our hospital.Of these,73 cases obtained the first CR (CR1),11 cases obtained late CR,7 patients were in relapse and 3 patients suffered from primarily refractory disease (PRD) before transplant.The median age was 26 (4-57) years.Conditioning regimens including total body irradiation (TBI)/ etoposide/semustine/cyclophosphamide or busulfan/semustine/cyclophosphamide were used.Matched sibling transplantation was performed on 68 patients,and matched unrelated donor transplantation was performed on 27 patients.Combination of CsA,MTX and low-dose,short-course mycophenolate mofetil was used for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.The average fellow-up was 57 months.Result Hematopoietic reconstitution was achieved in all 95 patients.Five-year estimate of overall survival (OS) was 54.3％,disease free survival (DFS) was 51.2％,relapse rate (RR) was 30.2％ and transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 24.0％.The 5 year OS and DFS were significantly longer in patients with CR1 than in late CR and relapse/PRD patients before allo-PBSCT (P＜0.001).There was no significant difference in OS between the two different conditioning regimens.Multivariate analyses revealed that Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD and cGVHD were correlated with higher TRM,CR1 before allo-PBSCT and TBI were associated with a lower RR,and non Ⅱ-Ⅳ aGVHD and CR1 before allo-PBSCT were favorable factors which were associated with OS and DFS.In the patients with DFS≥1 year after allo-PBSCT,DFS and OS were shorter in patients with cGVHD (P =0.008).Conclusion Allo-PBSCT in adult ALL patients should be performed in CR1.Severe acute and chronic GVHD are not associated with improved survival.

ObjectiveTo study the effect and mechanism of vagus nerve stimulation(VNS) on seizure in animal with epilepsy.MethodsSeizures of 34 rats and 8 rabbits were induced by Penicillin, Kainic acid(KA) and Strychnice respectively. Electrocorticographic(ECoG), electrical activition of hippocampal neurons and behaviour were observed to evidence the effects of left intermittent VNS .ResultsVNS could suppress seizures in animal models with epilepsy. There were significant changes in epileptiform ECoG, discharges of hippcampal neuron and behaviour. ConclusionSomatic seizure can be effectively inhibited by visceral afferent inputs through integration in cortical and hippocampal parts.

Objective To investigate the expressions of regulatory T cell (Treg) and interleukin-35 (IL-35) in patients with cholangiocarcinoma and to explore their clinical significance.Methods Flow-cytometry,PCR,Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the levels of Treg and IL-35 in peripheral blood and cholangiocarcinoma tissues in 42 patients with cholangiocarcinoma.Healthy volunteers were used as a control group.Result The percentage of Treg cells to CD4 + T cells in patients with cholangiocarcinoma was (5.6 ± 1.7) ％,while that in the normal control group was (2.9 ± 0.8) ％.There was a significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The plasma levels of IL-35 in patients with cholangiocarcinoma was (198.4 ± 81.4) pg/ml,while that in the normal control group was (33.7 ± 18.0) pg/ml.Again,a significant difference was observed between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).In peripheral blood mononuclear cell,the IL-35 mRNA level was positively correlated with the plasma IL-35 level (p35,R =0.795,P ＜0.05;EBI3,R =0.812,P ＜ 0.05).Immunohistochemical studies showed that FOXP3 + tumor cells and Treg cells increased significantly in tumor tissues.Conclusion Overexpressions of Treg and IL-35 in peripheral blood and tumor tissues of patients with cholangiocarcinoma suggested that they may play important roles in the development of cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective:To explore the development characteristics of empathy in adolescents and the relations with aggression.Methods:With multistage stratified random sampling method,15 738 middle school students were selected from 5 provinces across China.The Buss-Warren Aggression Questionnaire Revised in China (BWAQ-RC) and Interactional Reactivity Index (IRI-C)was used to measure adolescents'aggression and empathy.Results:Girls had higher level of empathy than boys (P <0.001).Age and gender were interacted in predicting empathetic con-cern (P <0.001).Perspective taking was significant negative predictor of indirect aggression,physical aggression, hostile and angry (P <0.001),while empathetic concern was significant positive predictor of indirect aggression, verbal aggression,hostile and angry (P <0.001).Empathy was divided into 4 class used the K-Means clustering a-nalysis,namely,low empathy class,high perspective taking class,high empathetic concern class,high perspective taking and empathetic concern class.In contrast to other classes,individuals in low empathy class were more likely to involve in physical aggression (P <0.05),and individuals in high level of perspective taking and empathetic con-cern class were related with less physical aggression and elevated verbal aggression (P <0.05).Individuals in high empathetic concern class exhibited more indirect aggression,hostile and anger than other subgroups (P <0.05). Conclusion:The unbalance development of the two components of empathy may be closely correlated with different conduction of aggressive behaviors.

Primary liver cancer is one of the most common malignances worldwide, among which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about 90% of all cases. Multidisciplinary multimodality therapy involving surgery, ablation, interventional treatment, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy is an effective strategy for the treatment of liver cancer. In recent years, great achievements have been made in multimodality therapy for liver cancer, especially the advances in combination therapy for advanced liver cancer and drug research and development, which improves the overall prognosis of liver cancer patients, and the improvement in targeted drug therapy and immunotherapy is expected to change the pattern of multimodality therapy for liver cancer. This article systematically reviews the recent advances in multimodality therapy for liver cancer from the aspects of local treatment and systemic therapy.

Object To optimize the process for the recovery of soyasaponins from bean product waste. Methods Conditions for the recovery were studied by orthogonal design guided by the yield of soya-saponins as determined by UV absorbance. Results The most influential factor in the recovery by refluxing was the concentration of alcohol; while in the recovery by percolation the influential factors were in the order of concentration of ethyl alcohol, amount of alcohol used and the rate of percolation.Conclusion The optimal recovery process was found to be a single reflux with eight times of 60% alcohol for 2.5 h.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of low-dose herringtonine in lupus nephritis.Methods Harringtonine1mg,which was dissolved in500ml normal saline,was infused intravenously everyday for5to7days as a single course.The total therapeutic period was consisted of3to6courses.Each course was given every2to3weeks.12patients with lupus nephritis were treated in this study.Results Seven patients(58%)achieved complete clinical remission while5(42%)had partial clinical remission.The overall response rate was100%.Conclusion This study suggests that low-dose harringtonine is an effective therapeutic regimen for lupus nephritis with relatively low toxicity and low price.It has the potential to be used widely in treating lupus nephri-tis.