End stage liver disease is a serious threat to human health.Existing conventional therapies are far from ideal,and orthotopic liver transplantation is limited by the lack of donor liver.A new therapy,transplantation of hepatic stem cell,is a promising approach.Hepatic oval cells are hepatic stem/progenitor cells(HSC/HPC)during hepatic regeneration,and they are being referred to as hepatic precursor cells.It got its name because of its oval nucleus,high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and other morphological features.Research has shown increasingly importance in the knowledge of hepatic oval cells.There are many signaling pathways in hepatic oval cells activation and proliferation.As a branch of the Wnt signaling pathway,Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway has a significant effect on hepatic oval cells activation and proliferation.However,the exact mechanisms of this process have not been completely elucidated.This review describes the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatic oval cell activation and proliferation.

Objective To establish a canine model of fulminate hepatic failure ( FHF) and study the treatment of FHF by partial orthotopic liver transplatation(POLT).Methods Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) mixed with the same amount of peanut oil in the dosage of 0.9 ml per kilogram of body weight was injected intraperitoneally to canines. ALT,tolal bilirubine(TB), PT, NH 4,and blood suger(BG) were monitored. The pathological changes were observed when the canine died,remain alived animal were killed on 7th day and 14th day respectively. EEG was performed on 3rd day after the model eslablished. Results After CCl 4 was injected, the canine showed progressive hepatic failure, ALT, TB and NH rose persistantly, PT prolonged, and BG decreased (P

Objective To explore the effect on effect of combined use of Y27632 (ROCK II inhibitor)and TDZD-8(GSK-3β inhibitor)on axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in neogenetic rats. Methods All the thoracolumbar DRGs of two neogenetic Sprague-Dawley (SD)rats(<5 days)were harvested under the stereopsis raicrostat,and then the DRG neurons were cultured,purified and indentified.Fifteen adult female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups,ie,complete paraplegia group(5 rats),sham operation control group(5 rats)and normal group(5 rats)respectively.The T8-10 spinal cord extracts (SCEs) were harvested in the complete paraplegia group,sham operation control group and normal group respectively at day 7 after spinal cord injury.The experiment was divided into group A(DRG neurons + PBS),group B(DRG neurons + complete paralysis SCE),group C(DRG neurons + complete paralysis SCE + different concentration Y27632),group D(DRG neurons + complete paralysis SCE + different concentration TDZD-8)and group E(DRG neurons + complete paralysis SCE + proper concentration Y27632 and TDZD-8).The average axonal length and expression intensity of Tubulin βⅢ at distal end of neuronal axons were observed after two days of co-culture respectively in intro. Results (1)The average axonal length and expression intensity of Tubulin βⅢ at axon shaft and growth cone in the group B were significantly shorter and weaker than that in the group A,with statistical difference.(2)In the group C,the average axonal length and expression intensity of Tubulln βⅢ at axon shaft and growth cone in 5-10 μmol/L Y27632 treatment groups were more than that in the group B but lower than that in the group A.The average axonal length and expression intensity of Tubuhn βⅢ at axon shaft and growth cone in 20-50 μmol/L Y27632 treatment group were longer and stronger than that in the group A and the group B,especially the group B.Among different concentration Y27632 treatment groups,there was a longest average axonal length and strongest expression intensity of Tubulin βⅢ in 30 μmol/L treatment group.(3) In the group D,there was a longer average axonal length in 0.5-3 μmol/L TDZD-8 treatment group than that in the group A and the group B,with the longeat average axonal length in l μmool/L TDZD-8 treatment group.In 5-25 μmol/L TDZD-8 treatment groups,the average axonal length showed no difference compared with the group B but wns shorter than that in the group A.In all different concentration TDZD-8 treatment groups,the expression intensity of Tubulin βⅢ at axon shaft and growth cone was significantly stronger than that in the groups A and B.(4) In the group E,although the average axonal length was increased in the group E,there was no statisilcal difference compared with the group A,30 μmol/L Y27632 treatment group and l μmol/L TDZD-8treatment group.There was a significantly longer average axonal length in the group E than it in the group B and the expression intensity of Tubulin βⅢ at axon shaft and growth cone was stronger in the group E compared to the group A,30 μmol/L Y27632 treatment group and l μmol/L TDZD-8 treatment group.Conclusion The complete paralysis SCEs obviously inhibits DRG axonal growth,induces axonal retraction and growth cone collapse.High concentration of Y27632 can more obviously promote the axon growth compared with the low concentration,while the low concentration of TDZD-8 can obviously promote the axon growth.Combined use of appropriate concentration of TDZD-8 and Y27632 can promote the axon growth and induce the axons branching,as facilitates the formation of the axon circuit.

Objective: To investigate the association between sleep duration and frailty among people aged 50 years and over. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from the first wave of World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health in China. Frailty index was constructed on the proportion of deficits, out of the 40 variables. A two-level (individual level and community level) linear model was performed to identify the related factors on frailty. All the models were stratified by age, gender, residence (urban/rural). Restricted cubic spline was performed to graphically evaluate the dose-response association between self-reported sleep duration and frailty. Results: A total of 13 175 individuals aged 50 years and over participated in this study. Without adjusting on any confounding factors, shorter or longer sleep duration significantly increased the risk of weakness compared with normal sleep time (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.71-2.44; OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.12-1.63). After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, residence, education, family assets, vegetable, smoking, drinking and physical activity, a positive association between short sleep duration and frailty was noticed compared with normal sleep time (aOR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.27-2.01). The results of stratified analysis on sex, age and urban and rural areas showed that, after adjusting for gender, age, residence, education level, family assets, intake of vegetables and fruits, smoking, drinking and physical activity, only shorter sleep duration was positively correlated with the risk of weakness. In addition, among people aged 65 years and over, adjusted for confounding factors, the risk of weakness increased by 91%, compared with normal sleep time (aOR=1.91, 95%CI: 1.46-2.49). The dose-response curve also showed that the sleep duration and frailty present an approximate "U" shaped relationship. Conclusion Short sleep duration might be associated with frailty.

Background Air pollution is a major public health concern. Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) is a very important air quality risk communication tool. However, AQHI is usually constructed by single-pollutant model, which has obvious disadvantages. Objective To construct an AQHI based on the joint effects of multiple air pollutants (J-AQHI), and to provide a scientific tool for health risk warning and risk communication of air pollution. Methods Data on non-accidental deaths in Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, Zhejiang, and Jilin provinces from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018 were obtained from the corresponding provincial disease surveillance points systems (DSPS), including date of death, age, gender, and cause of death. Daily meteorological (temperature and relative humidity) and air pollution data (SO₂, NO₂, CO, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and maximum 8 h O₃ concentrations) at the same period were respectively derived from China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System and National Urban Air Quality Real-time Publishing Platform. Lasso regression was first applied to select air pollutants, then a time-stratified case-crossover design was applied. Each case was matched to 3 or 4 control days which were selected on the same days of the week in the same calendar month. Then a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the exposure-response relationship between selected air pollutants and mortality, which was used to construct the AQHI. Finally, AQHI was classified into four levels according to the air pollutant guidance limit values from World Health Organization Global Air Quality Guidelines (AQG 2021), and the excess risks (ERs) were calculated to compare the AQHI based on single-pollutant model and the J-AQHI based on multi-pollutant model. Results PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂, and O₃ were selected by Lasso regression to establish DLNM model. The ERs for an interquartile range (IQR) increase and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PM_2.5, NO₂, SO₂ and O₃ were 0.71% (0.34%–1.09%), 2.46% (1.78%–3.15%), 1.25% (0.9%–1.6%), and 0.27% (−0.11%–0.65%) respectively. The distribution of J-AQHI was right-skewed, and it was divided into four levels, with ranges of 0-1 for low risk, 2-3 for moderate risk, 4-5 for high health risk, and ≥6 for severe risk, and the corresponding proportions were 11.25%, 64.61%, 19.33%, and 4.81%, respectively. The ER (95%CI) of mortality risk increased by 3.61% (2.93–4.29) for each IQR increase of the multi-pollutant based J-AQHI , while it was 3.39% (2.68–4.11) for the single-pollutant based AQHI . Conclusion The J-AQHI generated by multi-pollutant model demonstrates the actual exposure health risk of air pollution in the population and provides new ideas for further improvement of AQHI calculation methods.