It is believed that cardiac electrophysiological properties are not homogeneous, and the heterogeneity exists between pacemaker and conduction cells, atrial and ventricular cells, and among endocardium, midmyocardium, and epicardium of the transmural ventricular wall. The heterogeneous electrophysiology is related to the differential distribution and expression of transmembrane ionic channels. The present review involves literatures regarding the intrinsic biological basis of cardiac heterogeneous electrophysiology.

OBJECTIVE:To study the biodegradability of polylactic acid and prepare its microspheres containing erythromycin.METHODS:The polylactic acid film was degraded in vitro.The orthogonal design was used to optimize the technology of preparation of microspheres.RESULTS:The degradable speed of polylactic acid with high molecular weight was faster than that with low molecular weight.The degradable speed of PDLLA was faster than that of PLLA.The microspheres were stable in quality and regular in external form.The average particle size was (10.98?0.15)?m.The in vitro release properties could be expressed by the Higuchi's equation(Q=28.067+3.8 515 T1/2,r=0.9 834).CONCLUSION:The biodegradability of polylactic acid depended on configuration and molecular weight.Erythromycin microspheres showed significant slow-released property and accorded with the demands of lung targeting agent.

Objective:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of serum miR-193-5p and miR-196-5p in children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN).Methods:The 95 children with IgAN (IgAN group), 80 children with non IgAN nephritis (non IgAN group) and 50 normal subjects (control group) in Sanya Women and Children's Hospital of Shanghai Children's Medical Center and Sanya People's Hospital were selected to be included in this study. According to Oxford classification score (MEST), children with IgAN were divided into 35 cases with MEST≥3 points and 60 cases with MEST<3 points. The serum levels of miR-193-5p, miR-196-5p, IgA/C3 and galactose deficient IgA1 molecule (Gd-IgA1) in each group were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the value of miR-193-5p, miR-196-5p, IgA/C3 and Gd-IgA1 in the diagnosis of IgAN. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the expression levels of miR-193-5p, miR-196-5p and IgA/C3 and Gd-IgA1.Results:The serum levels of miR-193-5p, miR-196-5p, IgA/C3 and Gd-IgA1 in IgAN group were significantly higher than those in non IgAN group and control group (all P<0.001). The levels of miR-193-5p, miR-196-5p, IgA/C3 and Gd-IgA1 in MEST≥3 group were significantly higher than those in MEST<3 group (all P<0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for the combined diagnosis of IgAN by miR-193-5p, miR-196-5p, IgA/C3 and Gd-IgA1 was 0.958 (95% CI: 0.902-0.998), with sensitivity of 98.6% and specificity of 86.4%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of serum miR-193-5p and miR-196-5p in IgAN children were positively correlated with IgA/C3 and Gd-IgA1 (all P<0.001). Conclusions:The expression levels of serum miR-193-5p and miR-196-5p were significantly increased in children with IgAN, and the combined detection of IgA/C3 and Gd-IgA1 has high value for the diagnosis of IgAN in children.

Objective To analyze the short-term prognosis of two treatment methods for severe Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis,CVST) and to explore the best treatment for severe CVST patients. Methods From January 2013 to January 2019,28 patients with severe cvst were diagnosed by neurosurgery in the first people’s hospital of Kunming. They were divided into two groups:simple internal anticoagulant therapy,anticoagulation and combined endovascular treatment. Results Anticoagulant combined with intravascular treatment group has a better short-term prognosis than that of medical anticoagulant group alone,the difference is statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions For patients with severe CVST,interventional therapy can be tried to improve the short-term prognosis.

Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations and results of etiological examinations of 17 elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1) viral pneumonia, and to understand the clinical features of pneumonia and molecular characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in the elderly. Methods: The elderly patients with pneumonia who were hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory Diseases of Nanjing First Hospital from January 2018 to March were enrolled. The cases were confirmed by nucleic acid examination for influenza virus and the clinical data were collected. After the amplification of the whole genome of influenza virus, the high throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed. Results: The mean age of the 17 enrolled patients was 73.8±10.8. All of them had at least 1 underlying disease, and 7 cases had co-infection. Respiratory symptoms and fever were the most prominent clinical manifestations. Lesions in both lungs were found in 76.5% of the patients. The result of high throughput sequencing showed that all the viruses were highly homologous to the vaccine strain, and the HA gene belonged to the 6B.1 subgroup. Furthermore, three variations of antigenic locus (H138Y, S74R and S164T in HA) and a drug-resistant variation (H275Y in NA) were detected in the circulating strains. Conclusions Elderly patients with influenza A (H1N1) virus pneumonia often have underlying diseases and are prone to have co-infection. The molecular characteristics of the virus and the variation of key amino acid loci should be closely monitored in order to provide evidence for epidemic prevention and clinical antiviral treatment.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; chemistry ; genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; X-linked Nuclear Protein ; chemistry ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of medical ozone oil and urea ointment for prevention and treatment of hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) caused by sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: A total of 99 patients diagnosed with advanced HCC according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) who were scheduled to receive sorafenib treatment for the first time were enrolled in this study between April, 2018 and January, 2020. The patients were randomized into medical ozone oil group ( RESULTS: Eight patients were excluded for poor compliance or protocol violations, leaving a total of 91 patients for analysis, including 44 in medical ozone oil group and 47 in urea ointment group. Sixteen (36.4%) of patients in ozone oil group developed HFSR, a rate significantly lower than that in urea ointment group (57.4%; CONCLUSIONS Medical ozone oil can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of HFSR to improve the quality of life of HCC patients receiving sorafenib treatment.
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy* ; Hand-Foot Syndrome/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Niacinamide/therapeutic use* ; Ozone/therapeutic use* ; Phenylurea Compounds/adverse effects* ; Quality of Life ; Sorafenib/therapeutic use*