AIM:To explore the role of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) in anti-inflammation of glucocorticoids (GCs) at physiological concentrations .METHODS: MTT assay was used to measure the viability of BV-2 cells, which were processed by hydrocortisone at different concentrations .On the basis of inflammatory model induced by LPS in BV-2 cells, experimental groups were divided as follows:(1) control;(2) LPS;(3) GCs+LPS;(4) methyl-lycaconitine ( MLA)+GCs+LPS.The levels of TNF-αand IL-1βin the cell supernatants were detected by ELISA .RE-SULTS:Hydrocortisone at concentrations of 2 000 and 1 000 nmol/L decreased the cell viability to (76.9 ±5.5)% and (90.8 ±7.3)%, respectively, indicating the cellular injury by GCs at over-physiological doses.LPS significantly induced the releases of TNF-αand IL-1βin a time-and dose-dependent manner in BV-2 cells.Hydrocortisone at physiological con-centrations (500 and 250 nmol/L) reduced the releases of TNF-αand IL-1βin BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS, and MLA at concentration of 10 nmol/L antagonized the anti-inflammatory effect of GCs .CONCLUSION:α7nAChR is involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of the physiological concentrations of GCs .

Objective To study the short-term effects of delayed cord clamping (DCC) in preterm infants.Method A thorough search was conducted on medical databases including Cochrane Library,PubMed,Ovid,Medline,VIP citation databases,Wanfang database and CNKI.Randomized control trials (RCTs) of DCC in preterm infants were retrieved from medical literature published during January 1,2000 to January 1,2016.DCC group had cord clamping 30 ～60 s after birth,and immediate cord clamping (ICC) group had cord clamping within 30 s after birth.Methodological quality was evaluated using Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews and RevMan 5.1 software.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software.Result Seventeen RCTs were included.Meta-analysis showed that:the blood pressure within 4 hours after birth (WMD =2.49,95％ CI 0.74 ～ 4.24),the hemoglobin concentration (WMD =15.92,95 ％ CI 6.37 ～ 25.47) and the hematocrit (WMD =4.84,95 ％ CI 3.47 ～ 6.22) within 24 hours after birth in the DCC group were higher than the ICC group,P ＜0.05;the risk of anemia (RR =0.62,95％ CI 0.47 ～ 0.81),intraventricular hemorrhage (RR =0.64,95 ％ CI 0.45 ～ 0.91) and mortality (RR =0.42,95％ CI 0.20 ～0.86) in the DCC group were lower than the ICC group,P ＜0.05;there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in peak of serum bilirubin,phototherapy duration,rate of phototherapy treatment and blood transfusion,the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia and polycythemia (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion DCC is safe and feasible for premature infants,and can improve the outcome of premature infants.

Objective To evaluate the lateral profile changes after the functional appliance was used to put forward the mandible. Methods Thirty one cases of maloclusion (subclass Ⅰ of the class Ⅱ) were selected,in which all the mandible were in a backward position revealed by clinical examination and roentgenographic cephalometry.Functional appliance was used to put forward the mandible,and then the changes of IMPA, Z angle, H angle, soft tissue profile angle, upper lip E Line, lower lip E Line, upper lip/lower lip, and lower facial height were compared before and after treatment. Results All of the cases showed up a better improvement of the profile after the functional appliance therapy. Z angle, H angle, soft tissue profile angle, upper Lip E line, upper Lip/lower lip, lower facial height became normal or close to normal.There was a statistical significantce in the changes ( P

Objective To explore the value of endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage (NPD) in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) in a high-risk population.Methods From April 2009 to February 2012,a total of 105 cases of PEP high risk population were collected and divided into non NPD group (n=58) and NPD group (n=47) according to the situation during the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) operation.NPD was placed in NPD group,the head of the drainage passed the neck of pancreas under X-ray.Nasobiliary drainage or no drainage was assigned to the group of non NPD group according to the situation during operation.x2 test and t-test were performed for comparing and analyzing the clinical data before and post operation,the incidence and risk ratio of PEP between the two groups.Results Twenty-four hours after ERCP,the mean level of serum amylase at 24 h (t=2.419),the degree of abdominal pain (t3h=2.585,t24h=7.236) and relief time (t=4.996) of NPD group were better than those of non NPD group (all P＜0.05).The incidence of PEP in NPD group was 6.7％(3/45) and non NPD group was 29.3 ％ (17/58),the incidence of PEP in the NPD group was significantly lower than that in the non NPD group (x2 =8.304,P＜0.01),and the relative risk was 0.172 (95％CI:0.047 to 0.632,P＜0.01).Conclusion The regular placement of endoscopic NPD is a practical,effective and easy way to prevent PEP in high risk population.

Objective To evaluate the recent safety and long-term curative effect of double-pool shaping trabeculectomy with adjustable sutures in glaucoma. Methods A hundred and twenty patients with glaucoma were randomly divided into two groups, in which the control group in 62 patients underwent traditional trabeculectomy and the experimental group in 58 patients underwent double-pool shaping trabeculectomy with adjustable sutures. All patients were followed up for one year. Postoprative intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth and filtering bleb were observed. Results In the experimental group, after the demolition of adjustable sutures, 3 eyes(5.17%) suffered from I degree shallow anterior chamber. By contrast, 8 eyes suffered from I degree shallow anterior chamber, and 1 eye (total 14.52%) suffered from Ⅱ degree shallow anterior chamber in the control group (P < 0.05). Following up in one year, the functional filtering bleb and intraocular pressure got better in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Double-pool shaping trabeculectomy with adjustable sutures is a safe and feasible method for glaucoma, in which it can effectively reduce intraocular pressure without complications.

Objective: In the paper, the principle of determining similarity of chromatographic fingerprints of TCM has been introduced. Methods: In the chromatographic fingerprint analysis of TCM, the whole fluctuation of the chemical composition of TCM products could be estimated by the comparison between their chromatographic fingerprints. Two methods, which determine the similarity between chromatographic fingerprints using peaks area or data points of chromatogram, have been investigated by the simulation and experiments. Results: The results both suggest that compared with the method for determining similarity using data points, the method using peaks area is more robust and its calculating results is more reliable. Conclusion: Peaks area method is more suitable for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM.

Objective To study changes of serum IL-17 and IL-35 levels in patients with heart failure. Methods 60 patients with heart failure (observation group)were selected as research subjects.60 patients accord-ing to different severity were divided into acute period heart failure (34 cases)and stable stage heart failure (26 ca-ses);60 patients graded according to the NYHA standards were divided into 24 cases of heart failure with grade Ⅱ, 20 cases of grade Ⅲ ,16 cases of grade Ⅳ.According to the different primary diseases :expansion cardiomyopathy group (20 cases in group A),the coronary heart disease group (group B,24 cases),hypertensive heart disease group (group C,16 cases).During the same period,42 healthy elderly people in our hospital were selected as control group. The serum IL-17,IL-35 levels were tested,and the serum IL-17,IL-35 levels in patients with heart failure were ana-lyzed.Results Serum level of IL-17 in the observation group was higher than the control group,and the difference was significant [(15.61 ±4.02)pg/mL vs (9.49 ±3.96)pg/mL,t =9.018,P <0.01].Serum level of IL-35 in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group,and the difference was significant[(52.78 ± 4.29)pg/mL vs (61.49 ±4.81)pg/mL,t =11.963,P <0.01].The level of serum IL-17 in acute stage of patients with heart failure was higher than that of stable heart failure,and the difference was significant (t =6.278,P <0.01);IL-35 level in serum of patients with heart failure in acute phase was lower than that of stable heart failure,the difference was significant (t =9.529,P <0.01).With the increase in heart failure grade,serum IL-17 level showed a rising trend,and the differences among three groups had statistical differences (F =6.098,P <0.01);serum IL-35 level decreased,and the differences among three groups had statistical differences(F =8.978,P <0.01).The serum IL-17 level of A group was higher than that in B group and C group,there were significant differences (F =6.096, P <0.01),the serum IL-17 level between B group and C group had no statistical difference (t =0.172,P >0.05). The serum IL-35 level of A group was lower than that of B group and C group,there were significant differences (F =8.978,P <0.01),the serum IL-35 level between B group and C group had no statistical difference (t =0.208,P >0.05).Serum IL-17 and serum IL-35 level was negatively correlated (r =-0.429,P =0.009).Conclusion High expression of IL-17 in elderly patients with heart failure,while IL-35 decreased in elderly patients with heart failure, IL-17,IL-35 are closely related to the senile congestive heart failure and the severity of illness.Serum IL-17 is nega-tively correlated with the level of serum IL-35.

Objective To investigate changes in the intraocular pressure(IOP) and anterior chamber angle in patients with chronic renal failure before and after hemodialysis. Methods Fifty?eight patients(116 eyes) with chronic renal failure were measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer and anterior segment optical coherence tomograph. The patients were divided into three groups based on gonioscopy results:the narrow angle group(22 eyes),the Iris neovascular group(3 eyes)and the open angle group(91 eyes). IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometer in patients in the three groups before and after hemodialysis. Anterior chamber angle opening distance (AOD) was detected by anterior segment optical coherence tomograph before and after hemodialysis. The blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,albumin were also determined before and after hemodialysis. All changes in the parameters were analyzed with a paired t test. Results The IOP in narrow angle eyes and in neovascular eyes increased significantly after hemodialysis ,while the IOP in open angle eyes showed no significant changes. The AOD decreased significantly after hemodialysis. The blood urea nitrogen and creatinine decreased significantly in 58 patients,while albumin increased after hemodialysis. Conclusion The IOP in narrow angle eyes and in neovascular eyes increased after hemodialysis ,correlating with the resistance increase of aqueous outflow pathway and the change of plasma osmotic pressure. As a result ,it is recommended that the condition of eye of patients with chronic renal failure should be checked ,and patients should receive appropriate controlling measure or treatment before hemodialysis.

Objective To investigate the effects of epinephrine in sepsis-associated lung injury in rats. Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into three groups(n =10 per group):control group received intravenous 0. 9% saline 2. 4 ml/( kg·h ); LPS group received intravenous LPS ( 6 mg/kg ); epi-nephrine treatment group received an infusion of epinephrine 0. 6μg/( kg·min) after LPS intravenous injec-tion . Blood samples were taken at 2 h and 6 h after LPS injection and the levels of serum tumor necrosis factor ( TNF)-α,interleukin( IL)-6 and IL-10 were detected. The rats were sacrificed at 6 h. The lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid( BALF) were collected. Pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed under light microscope. Water content of lung,expression of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 in BALF and in serum were detected. Results (1) The water content of lung in LPS group significantly increased compared with that in control group(85. 24% ± 5. 87% vs. 70. 19% ± 5. 87%) and epinephrine group(78. 00% ± 6. 41%) (P<0. 05). (2)Pathological examination showed that LPS could cause pulmonary capillary hyperemia,ede-ma,inflammatory cells infiltration. Atelectasis and alveolar edema were found in small number of lung tissue. Compared with LPS group, epinephrine ameliorated the lung pathological injury. ( 3 ) Compared with LPS group,serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 significantly decreased ( P <0. 05 ) , whereas IL-10 increased ( P <0. 05) in epinephrine group. (4)Compared with LPS group,BALF levels of TNF-α[(78 ± 9)ng/L vs. (102 ±16)ng/L]andIL-6[(268±42)ng/Lvs.(347±50)ng/L]significantlydepressed(P<0.05),whereas BALFlevelsofIL-10[(210±23)ng/Lvs.(146±34) ng/L]elevated(P <0.05) inepinephrinegroup. Conclusion Epinephrine could reduce the acute lung injury caused by LPS. Its protective effect may be re-lated to decreasing the levels of TNF-α and IL-6,elevating IL-10 level.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of pulmonary embolism in patients with negative Ddimer in serum in order to determine the need of pulmonary computed tomography angiograph (CTA) to confirm the final diagnosis in those patients for avoidance of misdiagnosis.Methods A retrospective analysis of 106 patients suspected to suffer from pulmonary embolism (PE) with serum negative D-dimer checked with pulmonary CTA was carried out.According to the results of CTA, the patients were divided into two groups, namely PE group (n =41) and non-PE group (n =65).The difference in clinic presentation, the time elapsed from onset to visit, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high risk factors (such as immobilization for 3 weeks, leg swelling and pain to palpation, history of deep vein thrombosis, malignancy) and Wells score (≥ 4 points indicates probability of PE).And logistic regression analysis was made to investigate the risk factors in PE with negative D-dimer.Results The analysis study showed that 38.6％ of total patients suspected to suffer from PE with serum negative D-dimer were checked by CTA to confirm the presence of PE.One important characteristics of the D-dimer negative PE patients was the longer time consumed from onset to visit [(9.51 ±2.01) d vs.(4.01 ±1.92) d, P＜ 0.05], and majority of the CTA positive patients suspected to suffer from PE with negative D-dimer had high risks of PE (P ＜0.01).Compared with the non-PE group, the Wells score ≥4 points and the level of serum NT-proBNP significantly increased in the PE group (P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis revealed that dyspnea, high NT-proBNP level and Wells sore ≥ 4 points were risk factors for D-dimer negative PE.Conclusion Delayed treatment was the main cause of misdiagnosis of D-dimer negative PE.Dyspnea, high NT-proBNP level and Wells sore ≥4 points were risk factors for suspected PE patients with negative D-dimer, and these patients should be confirmed by pulmonary CTA.On the contrary, PE could be excluded if patients with D-dimer negative had no these risk factors.