Objective To evaluate the effect and feasibility of using estrogen cream for the prevention and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in postmenopausal women Methods Forty five postmenopausal women with a history of recurrent UTI were divided into two groups (group premarin and group antibiotic) Participants were assigned to apply intravaginal premarin cream (group premarin, n =30) or oral antibiotic (group antibiotic, n =15) for 3 months respectively Urine routine test, midstream urine and vaginal cultures, vaginal health score (VHS), vaginal cell maturation value (MV), endometrial thickness and blood estrogen level were obtained before and after the study Results The incidence of UTI in the group premarin was significantly reduced as compared with that in the group antibiotic (2/27 vs 12/15, P

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of raloxifene on osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression in mouse osteoblasts.MethodsSterile calvaria of mouse was taken from 30 newborn mice, and the osteoblasts were separated by enzyme digestion methods. Raloxifene in different concentrations (0,10<'-12>, 10<'-10>, 10<'-9>mol/L) were administrated into culture medium. The OPG/RANKL mRNA expression and OPG protein secretion were examined by RT-PCR and ELISA methods respectively.ResultsOPG mRNA expression in osteoblasts after raloxifene treatment was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05), and compared to 10<'-9> mol/L and 10<'-12> mol/L groups, it was significantly increased in 10<'-10> mol/L group.RANKL mRNA expression in osteoblasts after raloxifene treatment was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.01), and the effect showed a dose- dependent manner. Compared to the control group, OPG protein secretion of osteoblasts was promoted by raloxifene treatment (10<'-9> mol/L:3.017±0.459;10<'-10> mol/L: 3. 981±0.762;10<'-12> mol/L : 2.864±0.416; control: 2.106±0.316, P<0.05).ConclusionsRaloxifene can increase OPG mRNA expression, promote OPG protein secretion and inhibit RANKL mRNA expression in osteoblasts.

Objective To improve the management and utilization of hospital sterilizing devices. Method Strict and operable managerial system was established. Result Hospital sterilizing devices behaved well. Conclusion Just like the purchase, utilization and maintenance of large-scale equipments, the ones of hospital sterilizing devices also should be integrated to optimize their performances.

According to the recognition of medical engineering department after the army reform,this paper puts forward some suggestions on the transform and development of medical engineering function.

Objective To determine the effects of sexual hormone therapy at varied doses on prevention of bone mineral loss in Chinese postmenopausal women. Methods From March 2002 to March 2003, 90 Chinese postmenopausal women were randomly divided into three groups, each given one of the following regiments for 12 months, estradiol valerate (EV) 1 mg plus medroxyprogesterone (MPA) 2 mg for group A (31 subjects), eonjngated estradiol (ethinylestradiol-3-cyclopentylether, CEE) 0.45 mg plus MPA 2 mg for group B (29 subjects) and livial 1.25 mg for group C (30 subjects), respectively. In addition, 400 mg of elemental calcium were given daily to all those women. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the 2nd to 4th lumbar vertebra (L2～4) and biochemical markers of bone turnover, urine N-telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen/creatinine(NTX/Cr) and serum total alkaline phnsphatase (ALP), were measured before and after drug administration. Results After treatment for 12 months, BMD of the L2～4 increased significantly by 0.039 g/cm2(P<0.01) in group B, but not significantly in group A or group C (P<0.05). Increases in BMD of the L2～4 was more in group B than that in group A and group C, respectively (P < 0.05), but no significant difference in BMD increase between group A and group C was found (P >0.05). After treatment for 6 months, urine NTX/Cr reduced from the baseline for all the three groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference among group A, group B and group C was found (P >0.05). After treatment for 12 months, serum ALP significantly reduced from the baseline for all the three groups (P <0.01), but no significant difference among group A, group B and group C wag found (P > 0.05). Conclusions Sexual hormone therapy at varied doses lower than regular one for 12 months was effective in preventing bone mineral less in postmenopausal women.

Objective To explore the expression of estrogen sulfotransferase(EST) and steroid sulfatase (STS) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded endometrioid adenocarcinoma samples. Methods The RNA of EST and STS in 30 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded endometrium samples were extracted using Roche products. Results The RNA expression of EST and STS were 0.25±0.03 and 0.08±0.02 respectively and the STS/EST was 0.11±0.08 in normal endometrium. While in endometrioid adenocarcinoma the RNA expression of EST and STS were 0.06±0.02 and 0.24±0.92 respectively and the STS/EST was 4.40±0.64. There were significant differences between these two groups. Conclusions (1) Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues could be used to study the endometrioid adenocarcinoma. (2) EST is decreased, STS and STS/EST are increased in human endometrioid adenocarcinoma. STS/EST may be related with the prognosis of the endometrioid adenocarcinoma.

Objective To establish the animal model of acute intracranial hypertension,investigate the changes of transeranial Doppler patterns in raised intraeranial pressure so that the necessary experimental evidence will be provided to clinical experience for monitoring intraeranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) using transeranial Doppler non-invasively. Methods Acute intraeranial hypertension was induced by inflating the balloon inserted into the epidural space. Blood flow velocity of basilar artery was measured with transcranial Doppler and intracranial pressure as well as cerebral perfusion pressure was measured. Results With progressive increase of intracranial pressure five characteristic flow patterns were observed, appearing in the following order: high resistance pattern, systolic flow, retrograde diastolic flow, very small systolic flow and zero flow. Conclusions Analysing patterns of TCD may be helpful for evaluating ICP and CPP qualitatively. The animal model is simple and strict so that it is worthy of being spreadcd.

BACKGROUND: Transcranial Doppler(TCD) spectrum analysis techniques cannot measure the diameters of blood vessels and therefore and not be used to calculate the changes of brain blood flow. A formula was designed for regional cerebral blood flow loss index(rCBFLI) following arteriostenosis when arteriostenosis index formula was deduced; the former may provide a reference to assess cerebral function.OBJECTIVE: To introduce the formula of cerebral blood flow loss ratio obtained basing on TCD results.DESIGN: Retrospective controlled study based on patients with cerebral middle arteriostenosis diagnosed with TCD and healthy people.SETTING: At the departments of neurology in a university hospital and in a military medical university affiliated hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Between October 1994 and December 2000,43 patients who were confirmed of arteriostenosis with TCD at outpatient or neurological ward of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University were enrolled into this study,and their TCD results were compared with 908 normal controls between March 1992 and September 2000.METHODS: Stenosis index (STI) formula was deduced from TCD results of 31unilateral and 12 bilateral stenoses at middle cerebral artery(MCA) . STI = 1- [ normal average blood velocity (Vm0) ÷ average blood velocity at stenosisSince(PI1 ÷PI0) may be equal to [post-stenosis blood flow(Q1) ÷ normal blood flow(Q0)],regional cerebral blood flow loss index is concluded as:MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: rCBFLI,relationship between STI and Vm,as well as between rCBFLI and STI.RESULTS: rCBFLI formula was used to calculate the rCBFLI of 31 patients following unilateral MCA stenosis. rCBFLI of these 31 patients was obtained by Pearson statistical analysis. STI was found to be related to the average blood velocity at stenosis with relative coefficient(Vm) of(r) =0.76( P ＜ 0. 001 )and r = 0. 83 ( P ＜ 0. 001 ) . rCBFLI was proved to be correlated with Vm and STI with r = 0. 76( P ＜ 0. 01 ) and r = 0. 81 in 55 side MCA stenoses,and the difference was of statistical significance( P ＜ 0. 001 ).CONCLUSION: rCBFLI can be used to assess the decrement of regional brain blood flow due to the stenosis of supplying artery; also,it can be used to observe the changes of brain hemodynamics if combined with STI.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the severe cases of hand , foot and mouth disease ( HFMD) in Danzhou and to provide a scientific evidence for the prevention of severe HFMD.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of severe ca -ses of HFMD occurred from 2010 to 2014 .Results A total of 18 960 cases of HFMD were reported in Danzhou City from 2010 to 2014.The death rate (annual deaths/1000 persons) was 0.13%.One hundred and eighty-eight cases (0.99%) were diagnosed as severe HFMD with a male to female ratio of 2.4 :1 and 96.28%of them were scattered inhabiting children .Six cases were died from severe HFMD and all of them were under 2 years of age.In total 87.77%of the severe cases were occurred in children under 2 years of age.The severe cases were mainly occurred in June and July .Children form the countryside showed higher rates of severe HFMD than those from cities and towns .No significant differences in the time between the in-itial diagnosis and treatment for children with HFMD in countryside and urban areas were found .However , the differences in the duration from initial diagnosis to severe HFMD between children in countryside and ur -ban areas were statistically significant (M-W test, P<0.05).Among the 188 severe cases, 82.44% were initially diagnosed as common HFMD cases by the county-level medical institutions and 90.96%were diag-nosed as severe cases by the municipal and above medical institutions .The cases positive for EV71 strains accounted for 44.15%.Conclusion Most of the severe HFMD were developed in scattered inhabiting chil-dren under 2 years of age in the countryside of Danzhou during 2010 to 2014.In order to decrease the mor-bidity and mortality of severe HFMD in children , it is necessary to implement health education for residents , to improve the professional skills of medical staffs in the early diagnosis of HFMD , and to strengthen etiologi-cal surveillances and warning system for HFMD .

Objective To investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) in different doses combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate ( MPA) on mammographic density among postmenopausal women and its clinical significance. Methods Ninety eligible postmenopausal women were randomized into three groups with varied treatment continuously for one year, Croup A receiving 0.3 mg CEE with 2 mg MPA and caltrate 600 mg and vitamin D 125 U daily; Group B receiving 0. 625 mg CEE combined with 2 mg MPA and caltrate 600 mg with vitamin D 125 U daily; and Group C receiving caltrate 600 mg and vitamin D 125 U daily. Mammographic density was analyzed using Wolfe and semi-quantitative methods for all of them and compared each other one year after treatment, as well as mammographic density before and after treatment in Groups A and B. Results One year after treatment, mammogrphic density reached the highest in postmenopausal woman of Group B and the lowest in those of Group C, with significant difference among the three groups (P ＜ 0. 01) and between Groups A and C (P ＜ 0. 01) and between Groups B and C ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Mammogrphic density with semi-quantitative method increased significantly in Group A ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) and Group B ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), respectively, after treatment as compared with that before it. Change in mammografic density before and after treatment was greater in Group B than that in Group A, but not reaching statistically significant level (P ＞ 0. 05). Conclusions Hormone replacement therapy can cause the increase of mammographic density in postmenopausal women, possibly in a dose-dependent pattern, which suggest that HRT has side effect on breast tissue and the lowest effective dose of estrogen should be selected in HRT. Mammographic density can be used as an indicator to monitor side effect of HRT on breast.