A special bioreactor-SBR,including its principle and structure character,is introduced in this article,which is applied in biodialysis system LDBS. According to the result of the testing on animals ,it is proved to be available that using this special bioreactor liver cells can be cultured in large quantities and chronically,and their activity and performance can be hold for a long period. Metabolism is also observed and the immunoreaction between blood and liver cells is validated.

This article was aimed to expound current complexity and diversity about Chinese medicine dose-ef-fect relationship . It demonstrated that the study on Chinese medicine dose-effect relationship should be based on clinical effect as its foundation , and be guided by the traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) theories . Differ-ent modern science and technology means and methods should be applied for the multi-perspective , multi-lev-el and multidisciplinary systematic study of the Chinese medicine dose-effect relationship .

Objective To study the anti-tumor effects of mixed cultured B16 melanoma cells supernatant.Methods The supernatant from purely cultured B16 melanoma cells or mixedly cultured B16 melanoma cells with lymphocytes and macrophages at indicated time points were collected,respectively.The chemotaxis of the two different cell supernatants was determined by Boyden room method.The activation effects towards lymphocytes of the two different supernatants were determined by CCK-8 method.Results When the cells were mixed cultured for 0.5,1,2,4,8 and 12 h,the numbers of lymphocytes to travel from the upper well to the bottom well were (1.00±0.82) × 104,(7.00±1.63) × 104,(9.50±0.58) × 104,(11.25±2.36) ×104,(17.25±1.71) × 104 and (21.50±1.29) × 104,respectively.When the cells were purely cultured for 0.5,1,2,4,8 and 12 h,the numbers of lymphocytes to travel from the upper well to the bottom well were (0.00±0.00) ×104,(0.25±0.50) × 104,(1.75±0.96) × 104,(5.25±0.96) × 104,(5.75±1.26) × 104 and (10.75±3.20) × 104,respectively.The mixed cultured group showed higher chemotaxis effects towards lymphocytes in comparison with the purely cuhured one at the same points except for 0.5 h (P ＜ 0.05).The mixed cultured group showed higher activation effects towards lymphocytes in comparison with the purely cultured at the same points except for 0.5 and 1 h (P ＜ 0.05).Each group showed higher chemotaxis and activation effects towards lymphocytes when they were cultured for 12 h than the other time points (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The supernatant from mixed cultured cells shows much higher chemotaxis and activation effects towards lymphocytes to kill tumor cells.

Objective To investigate the incidence and relevant factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGB)in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)undergoing dual antiplatelet therapy(DAT)with aspirin plus clopidogrel.Methods A total of 391 CHD patients treated with aspirin plus clopidogrel (DAT group)and 502 control CHD patients receiving single antiplatelet therapy(SAT)with aspirin or clopidogrel(SAT group)were enrolled.The incidence and relevant factors associated with UGB were retrospectively analyzed in both groups of patients.Data were analyzed with Chi-square test and logistic regression by using SAS software version 9.0.Results The incidence of UGB in DAT group was significantly higher compared with SAT group(7.1％ vs.3.4％,P ＜ 0.01).The factors,including DAT,age over 65 years,medication duration over 3 months and previous digestive diseases increased the risk of UGB in CHD patients(P ＜ 0.05),while the use of PPIs(proton-pump inhibitors)or gastric mucosal protectives lowered the risk of UGB(OR:0.415,95％ CI 0.226 ～ 0.762,P =0.0035).Conclusions DAT can significantly increase the risk of UGB.UGB can be increased in elderly CHD patients and those with long-term medication and previous digestive diseases.Utility of PPIs or gastric mucosal protectives can effectively lower the incidence of UGB.

Systems biology, which includes genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics, is an integration of system theory and biology. It studies the life phenomena with thinking method of systems theory. And it provides an important methodological basis and technical conditions for recognizing syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and mechanism of therapeutic effect from multiple disciplines and perspectives. Systems biology is similar to the core idea of TCM system and holism concept. Therefore, systems biology can be used as a platform and pivot of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in modern TCM study. Systems biology will accelerate the modernization research of TCM in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. It will also provide new ideas and methods for TCM study on NAFLD.

Objective Evaluation of Chinese-thyroid imaging reporting and data system(C-TIRADS)combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)for the assessment of category 4 nodules in the setting of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Methods Retrospective analysis of 120 C-TIRADS category 4 thyroid nodules from 79 patients with confirmed Hashimoto's thyroiditis who attended the Yiyang Central Hospital from June to December 2022.Thyroid nodules exhibiting one or more benign or malignant features that were suspicious on CEUS were treated as downgraded or upgraded one level.Using the final surgical pathology results as the gold standard,working characteristic(ROC)curves of subjects based on C-TIRADS grading before and after CEUS adjustment were plotted to compare diagnostic efficacy.Results The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of the CEUS-adjusted C-TIRADS were 93.0％,87.8％and 90.8％,respectively(P<0.05).The area under the ROC curve was 0.811 and 0.904,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion C-TIRADS combined with CEUS has better diagnostic efficacy in evaluating category 4 nodules in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

The effects of repaglinide combined with glargine (n=31)on glucose metabolism and β-cell function were observed in the patients with type 2 diabetes after secondary sulfonylureas failure and the results were compared with glimepiride combined with glargine (n=32). The preprandial capillary blood glucose, postprandial capillary blood glucose and HbA1C in both groups after 6-month treatment were significantly reduced as compared with those at baseline (all P＜0.01). The treatment with repaglinide(2 mg tid) plus glargine was more efficient than glimepiride(4 mg qd) plus glargine in improving β-cell function, ameliorating HbA1C and postprandial blood glucose excursions in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective:To identify monoclonal antibody McAb2 recognizing epitope of Fba of GAS.Methods:The overlapped peptides were synthesized and their abilities to bind McAb2 were detected by dot-ELISA.The predominance amino acids specific for McAb2 were screened using phage 7 peptide library.Results:The result by dot-ELISA analysis demonstrated that the synthetized peptide,amino-acid residues 100-112~(th),could bind McAb2 with high affinity.The predominance amino acids specific for McAb2 were ITPDL,which was located in 100-110~(th)aa of Fba by panning with phage 7 peptide library.Conclusion:The domain and the predominance amino acids of Fba recognized by McAb2 is determined.The results would contribute to the research of the role of Fba on the pathogenic mechanism of GAS,the identification of function of McAb2,and the development of epitope-peptide vaccine.

Objective To analyze the clinical features,treatment methods,and prognostic factors for early primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data,treatment outcomes,and survival of 32 patients with early pulmonary MALT lymphoma from March 2001 to September 2013.The median age of those patients was 56 years.Twenty-three patients had stage ⅠE disease and nine had stage Ⅱ E disease.According to the marginal zone B-cell lymphoma prognostic index (MZLPI),twenty-three patients were scored as 0 and nine as 1.Nine patients received radiotherapy,eight patients underwent surgery alone,three patients underwent surgery plus chemotherapy,and twelve patients received chemotherapy alone.The Kaplan-Meier method was adapted for calculating the OS,PFS and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis.Results The 5-year sample size was 22.The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 84.5％ and 73.2％,respectively.Radiotherapy yielded an overall response rate of 100％,including a complete response rate of 66.7％ and a partial response rate of 33.3％.The univariate analysis showed that non-radiotherapy treatment was a prognostic factor for poor PFS.The patients treated with radiotherapy had significantly higher 5-year PFS rates than those treated without radiotherapy (100％ vs.63.0％,P=0.029),while there was no significant difference in 5-year OS rate between these two groups (100％ vs.78.8％,P=0.129).Age older than 60 years,an ECOG score of 2,and an MZLPI score of 1 were prognostic factors for poor PFS (P=0.041,0.018,and 0.044) and OS (P=0.001,0.001,and 0.003).Conclusions The prognostic factors for early pulmonary MALT lymphoma include age,ECOG score,and MZLPI score.Low-dose involved-field radiotherapy (24-30 Gy) can improve local control and survival.