Objective To analyze the effects of miR-181a-5p overexpression on metabolites in the small intestines of mice with subcutaneous oral cancer by detecting changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways.Methods Three groups were included in study:Control group,negative control and miR-181a-5p overexpression group.To establish a subcutaneous oral cancer model in mice,variously treated cell suspensions were subcutaneously injected into the upper right of the groin in female M-NSG severely immunodeficient mice.Changes in pathology and small intestinal tissues were assessed by HE staining.Changes in mouse body weight were also assessed.Tandem orbitrap mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry,were used to examine metabolites in the small intestines.By pre-analyzing the original data and quality rating sample data,XCMS was able to assess which metabolites were different among the groups.To identify unique metabolic pathways,KEGG enrichment analysis was used.Results A total of 170 distinct metabolites were found in the small intestinal tissues of Control and NC groups.Choline metabolism,alanine,aspartate,and glutamate metabolism,GABA synaptic metabolism,glycerophospholipid metabolism,cAMP signaling route,cancer center carbon metabolism,and niacin and niacin amine metabolic pathways were important signaling pathways for metabolite enrichment.In the NC group,16 distinct metabolites with VIP values larger than 2 were found in the small intestines compared with the OE group overexpressing miR-181a-5p.Glycerin phosphorylcholine,palmitic acid,3-hydroxybutyl carnitine,and β-hydroxybutyric acid were among the metabolites that significantly varied.The primary enhanced metabolic pathway was the choline pathway.Conclusions Mouse small intestines underwent slight changes from subcutaneous oral cancer with the greatest effect on metabolites critical for energy metabolism.The choline metabolic pathway was the pathway that selected absolutely metabolites in mouse small intestines with subcutaneous grafts of oral cancer.

Objective To observe the effect of acanthopanax refined polysaccharide(ASPS)on nicotine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice.Methods A total of 48 male mice and 48 females at 6 weeks of age were selected and were divided into two batches for animal experiments:the Morris and the new object recognition batch.Each batch was randomly divided into 6 groups ac-cording to body weight:blank control group,model group,drug positive group,high-dose ASPS group,medium-dose ASPS group,and low-dose ASPS group.Except for the blank group,the remai-ning 5 groups were injected subcutaneously with 0.5mg/kg of nicotine every day for 7 days to prepare a nicotine memory disorder model.After 24 hours of injection of nicotine at the 7th day,the drug posi-tive group was gavaged piracetam for 800 mg/kg,and the high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose ASPS groups were gavaged for 270,90 and 30 mg/kg of ASPS respectively for 7 days.The learning and memory ability of mice was detected by water maze test and new object recognition test,respec-tively.After the two tests,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in serum and 5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)content in hippocampal tissue were detected.Results The results of new object recognition experiment showed that the discrimination indexes of the high-,medium-and low-dose ASPS groups were significantly higher than that of the model group(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The results of water maze experiment showed that the time to find the platform in the spatial search experiment was signifi-cantly shorter in the high-and medium-dose ASPS groups than that in the model group(P＜0.05).In the positioning voyage test,the number of mouse platform entries in the high-dose ASPS group was significantly more than that in the model group(P＜0.05);the proportions of Ⅲ quadrant routes in the high-and medium-dose ASPS groups were higher than those in the model group(P＜0.05).The high-,medium-and low-dose ASPS groups were significantly higher than those in the model group(P＜0.01);the determination of hippocampal tissue content in mice showed that the content of 5-HT in the high-and medium-dose ASPS groups was significantly higher than that in the model group(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Conclusion ASPS can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of nicotine-quitting mice,relieve the damage of hippocampal neurotransmitters,and regulate oxidative stress in vivo.The mechanism may be related to improving the body's antioxidant capacity and regulating hippocampal neurotransmitter levels.

Objective To observe the effect of acanthopanax refined polysaccharide(ASPS)on nicotine-induced learning and memory impairment in mice.Methods A total of 48 male mice and 48 females at 6 weeks of age were selected and were divided into two batches for animal experiments:the Morris and the new object recognition batch.Each batch was randomly divided into 6 groups ac-cording to body weight:blank control group,model group,drug positive group,high-dose ASPS group,medium-dose ASPS group,and low-dose ASPS group.Except for the blank group,the remai-ning 5 groups were injected subcutaneously with 0.5mg/kg of nicotine every day for 7 days to prepare a nicotine memory disorder model.After 24 hours of injection of nicotine at the 7th day,the drug posi-tive group was gavaged piracetam for 800 mg/kg,and the high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose ASPS groups were gavaged for 270,90 and 30 mg/kg of ASPS respectively for 7 days.The learning and memory ability of mice was detected by water maze test and new object recognition test,respec-tively.After the two tests,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in serum and 5-Hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)content in hippocampal tissue were detected.Results The results of new object recognition experiment showed that the discrimination indexes of the high-,medium-and low-dose ASPS groups were significantly higher than that of the model group(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The results of water maze experiment showed that the time to find the platform in the spatial search experiment was signifi-cantly shorter in the high-and medium-dose ASPS groups than that in the model group(P＜0.05).In the positioning voyage test,the number of mouse platform entries in the high-dose ASPS group was significantly more than that in the model group(P＜0.05);the proportions of Ⅲ quadrant routes in the high-and medium-dose ASPS groups were higher than those in the model group(P＜0.05).The high-,medium-and low-dose ASPS groups were significantly higher than those in the model group(P＜0.01);the determination of hippocampal tissue content in mice showed that the content of 5-HT in the high-and medium-dose ASPS groups was significantly higher than that in the model group(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Conclusion ASPS can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of nicotine-quitting mice,relieve the damage of hippocampal neurotransmitters,and regulate oxidative stress in vivo.The mechanism may be related to improving the body's antioxidant capacity and regulating hippocampal neurotransmitter levels.

Objective:To explore the current status of mental workload and its relationship with work engagement and fatigue, as well as the impact path among the three.Methods:Clinical nurses from six tertiary hospitals including Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, etc. were selected to conduct a cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling method from February to March 2020. They were investigated by general information questionnaire, NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), and Fatigue Scale-14 (FS-14).Results:The total mental workload score of 776 clinical nurses was 76.50(69.00, 84.00). Single factor analysis showed that clinical nurses of different ages, marriage and childbirth status, education level, professional title and working years had different mental workload ( Z = -2.61, H values were 10.22-22.41, all P<0.01). Bivariate analysis revealed that the mental workload of clinical nurses was positively correlated with work engagement ( r = 0.27, P<0.01) and fatigue ( r = 0.23, P<0.01), and work engagement and fatigue were negatively correlated ( r = -0.23, P<0.01). Mediation effect analysis demonstrated that mental workload had a positive predictive effect on fatigue ( β = 0.39, P<0.01) and work engagement ( β = 0.35, P<0.01); the suppressing effect of work engagement between mental workload and fatigue, the absolute value of the ratio of the suppressing effect to the direct effect was |-0.17/0.39|. Conclusions:The mental workload of clinical nurses is at relatively high level. Hospital administrators can partially improve the fatigue state of clinical nurses with high mental load through the adjustment effect of work engagement.

Objective To study the immunomodulatory effect of polysaccharides (CRPS25-Ⅱ) derived from Chroogomphus rutilus on mouse mononuclear macrophages, RAW264.7 cells. Methods RAW264.7 cells were resuspended and cultured, cell suspension was prepared. The blank control group and CRPS25-Ⅱ groups with different mass concentrations (1, 20, 40, 80 and 160 μg/ml) were set up. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of CRPS25-Ⅱ on RAW264.7 cells. RT-PCR was used to detect the effects of CRPS25-Ⅱ on the secretion of immune regulatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α from RAW264.7 cells. Western blot was used to detect the effects of CRPS25-Ⅱ on the expression of p-P65 protein in NF-κB pathway of RAW264.7 cells. Results The results showed that CRPS25-Ⅱ (1−160 μg/ml) had no obvious cytotoxicity. CRPS25-Ⅱ (1−160 μg/ml) increased the secretion of cytokines, and thus promoted the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α. CRPS25-Ⅱ increased the phosphorylation of p-P65 protein and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, and thus promoted the immune regulation of cells. CRPS25-Ⅱ (1−160 μg/ml) could increase the p-P65 protein, and the promoting effects of CRPS25-Ⅱshowed an upward trend in the concentration range of 1−40 μg/ml and gradually weakened in the concentration range of 40−160 μg/ml. Conclusion Polysaccharides derived from chroogomphus rutilus had no cytotoxicity to mouse macrophages, and could promote the secretion of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α and activate the NF-κB signaling pathway, thus playing an immunomodulatory role.

OBJECTIVETo carry out chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) on four fetuses with abnormal karyotypes.

METHODSAmniotic fluid samples were obtained and subjected to routine G-banded karyotyping analysis. CMA was applied for cultured amniocytes to determine alterations of gene dosage and chromosomal breakpoints.

RESULTSAbnormal karyotypes were found in the parents of 3 fetuses. Parental karyotypes of the remaining fetus were normal. Imbalance chromosome rearrangements were revealed by CMA in all 4 cases.

CONCLUSIONCMA is an effective tool for the evaluation of clinical significance and delineation of the breakpoints involved in complex chromosomal rearrangements.

Abnormal Karyotype ; Adult ; Chromosome Banding ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Microarray Analysis ; methods ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

Objective To investigate the Activity of Daily life (ADL) among individuals aged 100 and above,in Hainan.Methods From June 2014 to December 2016,a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals aged 100 and over in Hainan province.Data regarding basic information,ADL,prevalence of major age-related diseases was collected in this population.Loss of ADL among these centenarians was described and its determinants examined.Results The prevalence of ADL loss in centenarian population was 72.5％,with the top four items of ADL loss as stair-climbing (79.0％),moving (59.1％),walking (44.3％) and using toilet (41.3％).Results showed that tea consumption,good both on vision and audition were possible protective factors for the functions of ADL.Low level of education and vitamin D deficiency seemed as risk factors for the slowing-down of ADL (P＜0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of ADL loss among centenarians appeared relatively high.Years of education,tea consumption,degrees of vision,audition and vitamin D deficiency were possible risk factors responsible for the ADL loss in this centenarian population.

The academic ethics education is an important part of students' ideological and political education, which not only affects the students' personality character and personal growth, but also is about the healthy development of colleague academic and the formation of moral system of the whole society. In this study, through the relay inheritance of three generations of the old, middle and young doctors, and the development of Chinese medicine hospital culture, the embryonic form of academic and moral mutual cul-tivation model is described. Through the diverse and distinct second classroom education, the connotation of "art education" and "moral education" is deepened. Through effective supervision and management and system restriction, the moral education of quality and morality education can be effectively carried out. Probing from the system construction,connotation construction and institutional construction, Longhua Hos-pital has established academic and moral mutual cultivation model and provided those interns a new model of academic ethics cultivation.

Objective Our purpose was to evaluate the teaching satisfaction of clinical epi-demiology among medical postgraduate and to come up with measures for further improvement of teaching quality. Methods A self-administered questionnalre was given to all the medical postgradu-ates and doctoral students of Grade 2013 by cluster sampling when they finished the course of clinical epidemiology. A total of 559 graduate students, including 324 graduate students (58%), 235 doctoral students (42%), recruitment graduate students 350 (62.6%), on-the-job graduate student 209 (37.4%).The contents of the questionnalre included many aspects such as the investigation object in general, teaching materials evaluation satisfaction, curriculum and teacher satisfaction evaluation. Respondents ' self-administered manner was adopted. Parallel input was done by using Epidata software; data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software, continuous variable was made by x±s, categorical variables was expressed by n(%). Continuous variables were compared among groups by t test and analysis of vari-ance. Classification grouping variable was compared by chi-square test, and P<0.05 for the difference was statistically significant . Results Overall evaluation of theory was below that of the internship teaching materials. The satisfaction rate of practicability, meeting the learning needs and difficulty degree for theory and practice teaching material were 83.7% (468/559), 87.5% (489/559), 67.1% (375/559) and 92.7%(518/559), 89.6%(501/559), 83.0%(464/559) respectively. 41.6%(87/209) of on-the-job students and 36.7% (119/324) of postgraduates considered theory teaching material was difficult for them. The satisfaction rate for faculty teaching attitude (99.5%, 556/559), faculty teaching method (98.6%,551/559), the theories combining with practice teaching method (97.5%, 545/559) were high, but the satisfaction rate for teaching hours was low (67.4%, 377/559), with one third students consider more hours for the course. Conclusion The Teaching effect of clinical epidemiology is falrly good in our school. The postgraduates are satisfied with the teaching materials, curriculum setting, and teach-ing faculty. But there are also some shortcomings. In the future teaching work, we should appropriately increase the hours, and set corresponding teaching contents and methods according to the different learning characteristics of the on-the-job graduate students and recruitment graduate students, to improve the teaching effect and teaching quality.

BACKGROUNDWe previously demonstrated that the aqueous extract of the Schizandra chinensis fruit (AESC) ameliorated Cd-induced depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain through antioxidant activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of AESC on anxiety-like behavior and the levels of norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (a metabolite of norepinephrine) in different brain regions during ethanol withdrawal in rats.

METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 3 g/kg of ethanol (20%, w/v) or saline by daily intraperitoneal injection for 28 days followed by three days of withdrawal. During withdrawal, rats were given AESC (100 mg × kg(-1)× d(-1) or 300 mg × kg(-1)× d(-1), P.O.) once a day for three days. Thirty minutes after the final dose of AESC, the anxiogenic response was evaluated using an elevated plus maze, and the plasma corticosterone levels were examined by radioimmunoassay. Meanwhile, the concentrations of norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and hippocampus were also measured by high performance liquid chromatography.

RESULTSRats undergoing ethanol withdrawal exhibited substantial anxiety-like behavior, which was characterized by both the decrease in time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze and the increased level of corticosterone secretion, which were greatly attenuated by doses of AESC in a dose-dependent manner. The high performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that ethanol withdrawal significantly increased norepinephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, while not significantly altering them in the hippocampus. Similar to the results from the elevated plus maze test, the AESC significantly inhibited the elevation of norepinephrine and its metabolite in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that AESC attenuates anxiety-like behavior induced by ethanol withdrawal through modulation of the hypothalamic norepinephrine system in the brain.

Animals ; Anxiety ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Ethanol ; adverse effects ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; drug therapy