Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, the major usage of which is purgation, is widely used in clinical therapy among different prescriptions. According to present reports, researches on herbal compatibility mechanism were mainly fo-cused on the comparison of content changes of active ingredients before and after. In oder to provide references, this review was made on researches of compatibility mechanism of prescriptions and paired drugs for ingredients of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei from research actuality.

Objective To understand the serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs),soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were chosen from 2010 September to 2011 December in Department of Endocrinology Changshou Chinese medicine hospital in Jiangsu Province,and 30 healthy people were screened as control group.Various clinical and biochemical parameters were detected,using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum AGEs and sRAGE levels.Results The levels of serum AGEs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control group were (1379.2 ± 431.8) and (1154.5 ±326.4) pg/ml,and there were significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The levels of serum sRAGE in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and control group were (14.6± 9.3)and (19.5 ± 8.9)ng/ml,and there were also significant differences between two groups (P＜0.05).The level of serum AGEs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients was positive correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),and the level of serum sRAGE was associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) negative correlation.Conclusion The level of serum AGEs increase in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients,and the level of serum sRAGE decrease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To understand the effect of astragalus on serum levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs),soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into control group (28 patients) and treatment group (28 patients),the control group was given control of blood glucose,blood pressure,lipids and other necessary treatment,and the treatment group was additionally treated with astmgalus granule based on the control group.The course for both treatments is 12 weeks.Various clinical and biochemical parameters were tested before and after treatment in both groups with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of serum AGEs,sRAGE levels.Results ① Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the control group after treatment (7.28± 0.83)％ was significantly decreased than before treatment (9.57±1.14) ％,the difference was statistically significant (t＝5.75,P＜0.05); glycerin three greases (TG) in the control group after the treatment (1.45± 0.39)mmol/L decreased significantly compared with those before treatment (1.92± 1.01)mmol/L,the difference was statistically significant(t＝2.79,P＜0.05); ② HbA1c (7.16± 0.88) ％ in the treatment group after treatment was significantly decreased than before treatment (9.29± 1.62)％,the difference was statistically significant (t＝6.08,P＜0.05) ; TG (1.53 ± 0.41) mmol/L in the treatment group after treatment was significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (2.11 ± 0.79)mmol/L,the difference was statistically significant (t ＝ 2.40,P ＜ 0.05) ; the levels of serum sRAGE (20.38 ± 8.01) ng/ml in the treatment group after treatment increased obviously compared with those before treatment (15.10 ± 9.22)ng/ml,the difference was statistically significant (t＝-2.29,P＜0.05); ③ The level of serum sRAGE (20.38 ± 8.01) ng/ml in the treatment group after treatment increased obviously than the levels of serum sRAGE (15.13 ± 9.27)ng/ml in the control group after treatment,the difference was statistically significant (t＝-1.17,P＜0.05).Conclusion Astragali can increase serum sRAGE expression in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To understand the effect of astragalus on insulin resistance and plasma amylin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Methods 88 patients of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into three groups:Group A (lifestyle intervention group) contained 30 patients,Group B (metformin treatment group) also contained 30 Patients,and Group C (astragalus and metformin treatment group) contained 28 Patients.Patients in group A were intervened with the control of diet,blood pressure and lipids level; patients in group B were additionally treated with metformin on the basis of group A; patients in group C were additionally treated with metformin and astragalus on the basis of group A.The course for both treatments were 8 weeks.Various clinical and biochemical parameters were detected before and after the treatment in all three groups and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted for the detection of plasma amylin.Results Fasting blood glucose levels were significantly decreased after treataent in the three groups (t=-2.696、-4.029、-3.995,P＜0.05) ; insulin resistance index reduced in group B and group C (t=-2.599、-3.813,P＜0.05),the difference between group C and group B was statistically significant (t=-2.334,P＜0.05) ;treatments of group B and group C could improve the beta cell function index (t=2.303、2.384,P＜0.05),and they also could increase the plasma amylin level (t=2.341、3.045,P＜0.05).Conclusion Astragalus and metformin can improve insulin resistance index and increase plasma amylin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.

Objective To evaluate the security of inspiring high concentration oxygen by detecting the reactive oxygen species of the rats brain homogenates after inspiring high concentration oxygen for a certain time.Methods Sixty wister rats weighting 150~200g were randomly devided into five groups(the group of 4h、8h、12h、16h and the control group,12/group).The experimental rats were exposed to 85%~100% oxygen in a self-made chamber and the control animals were kept in normal room air.The Concentration of the MDA,SOD,GSH,NO,NOS,CAT and T-AOC of the brain homogenates was detected.Results Compared with the control group,the level of MDA,NO and NOS in the brain homogenates grew up markedly(P

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Xinyi capsule pretreatment on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits and its possible mechanism. Methods Ninety-four rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: model group (n=16), tirofiban group (n=16), high-, medium- and low-dose Xinyi capsule groups (4.0, 2.0, 1.0 g/kg;n=16 in each group), and sham operation group (n=14). Five days after intragastric administration with drug, myocardial ischemia reperfusion was induced by ligation of the proximal left circumflex artery. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was continuously recorded. The serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were measured. Myocardial histopathological damage was evaluated. Results The changes of J-point amplitude on ECG in high-, medium-and low-dose Xinyi capsule groups (0.064 ± 0.049 mV, 0.069 ± 0.061 mV, 0.079 ± 0.060 mV) were significantly lower than that in the model group (0.158 ± 0.105 mV, P<0.01 or P<0.05), the serum levels of LDH (399.7 ± 202.3 U/L, 369.6 ± 229.0 U/L, 435.5 ± 152.4 U/L), CK-MB (900.8 ± 231.2 U/L, 1 268.3 ± 899.8 U/L, 1 386.7 ± 621.6 U/L), MPO (69.81 ± 5.51 U/L, 85.44 ± 10.31 U/L, 81.33 ± 16.87 U/L) were significantly lower than those in the model group (LDH:817.1 ± 401.9 U/L, CK-MB:2 071.3 ± 693.5 U/L, MPO:149.9 ± 20.11 U/L;P<0.01 or P<0.05). Histopathological examination showed that myocardial damage in high-, medium- and low-dose Xinyi capsule groups reduced compared with the model group. Conclusions Xinyi capsule pretreatment can protect against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits, and its mechanism may be related to inflammation inhibition.

Objective We summarized the nursing care experience of spinal muscular atrophy complicated with pneumonia.Methods The measures of nursing care to the 9 children patients were comprised of preventing sputum blockage; preventing suffocating due to milk choking; paying special attention to the time being when the sputum blockage and milk choking occurred; early detection of paralysis of respiratory muscle; and training nursing skills to the families,and so on.Results All 9 children patients were cured and discharged from hospital.Conclusions The measure of targeting nursing intervention to the children with infantile spinal muscular atrophy and pneumonia could improve therapeutic effect and reduce mortality rate.

Objective To evaluate desmopressin stimulated inferior petrosal sinus sampling in diagnosing Cushing′s disease.Methods Sixteen ACTH-dependent Cushing′s disease patients underwent bilateral desmopressin stimulated inferior petrosal sinus ( IPS ) sampling because of negative or equivocal magnetic resonance imaging.Cortisol response to high-dose dexamethasone suppression test was also evaluated.ACTH sampling was taken from a peripheral vein and bilateral IPS before and both 5 and 10 min after injection of desmopressin.Diagnosis was based on the ratio of ACTH level in between IPS to peripheral vein by desmopressin test.Diagnosis was confirmed after surgery.Results High-dose dexamethasone suppression test showed suppressible in 9 of 16 patients with Cushing′s disease.An IPS gradient ＞2 was found in 14 of the 16 cases (87.5％ )with Cushing′s disease after desmopressin injection,while before injection the respective figure was 12 of 16 (75.0％).No severe adverse effects were observed during or after the procedure.Conclusion Desmopressin test during bilateral IPS sampling is a safe and effective diagnostic procedure in Cushing′s disease.

Objective To explore the relationship between the polymorphism of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) C8092A locus and the efficacy and prognosis of platinum-based chemotherapy for lung cancer (LC), and to provide a theoretical basis for precision treatment of LC. Methods From January 2014 to October 2017, 120 patients from two tertiary hospitals in Haikou City, and with pathologically confirmed lung cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were selected as the research objects. After informed consent was obtained, peripheral blood samples were collected for DNA extraction, and the genotype of ERCC1 C8092A locus was detected by mass spectrometry. WHO's Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) was used to judge patients' chemotherapy efficacy and patients' survival status was obtained by telephone follow-up and other means. Results Among the 120 LC patients, the genotype frequencies of ERCC1 C8092A locus were 67 cases of CC wildtype (55.8%), 45 cases of CA heterozygous type (37.5%), and 8 cases of AA rare mutation type (6.7%), which conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2=0.140, P>0.05). The total effective rate of chemotherapy was 32.5%, with the highest effective rate in patients with the CA genotype (42.2%) at the ERCC1 C8092A locus and the lowest in patients with the CC genotype (25.4%). The overall one-year survival rate was 68.3% and the three-year survival rate was 35.8%. The patients with ERCC1 C8092A AA genotype had the lowest survival rate, with a one-year survival rate of 50.0% and three-year survival rate of only 25.0%. However, there were no statistical differences in the overall survival rate among the three genotypes of carriers of ERCC1 C8092A (χ2=0.328, P=0.849). Conclusions The polymorphism of ERCC1 C8092A locus is associated with the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy for LC, and patients with CA genotype have the highest efficacy. The one-year and three-year survival rates of patients with CC genotype are significantly higher than those of CA and AA genotypes.

Objective:To construct a service index system suitable for palliative care institutions at all levels, and provide reference for medical institutions to carry out programmed palliative care services.Methods:From April 2020 to June 2021, using expert focus group method, combined with domestic and foreign literature review and pilot work experience, the flow chart of hospice care service was preliminarily drawn, and the service indicators were formulated. Delphi expert letter consultation method was used to conduct two rounds of consultation among 16 experts, and finally the palliative care service index system was formed.Results:The positive coefficient of experts in the two rounds of Delphi expert letter consultation were 16/20 and 16/16, the authority coefficient was 0.828, 0.831, and the Kendall harmony coefficient was 0.236, 0.389, respectively. Finally, the palliative care service index system consisted of 8 indicators for primary level, 18 indicators for secondary level and 40 indicators for tertiary level.Conclusions:The established palliative care service index system is scientific and reliable, which can provide reference for all levels of hospice care institutions to carry out programmed services.