Objective To investigate the effect and safety of solifenacin on urination in patients with overactivity bladder (OAB) by randomized controlled clinical trials. Methods One hundred and eight patients with OAB were randomized divided into observation group and control group, each with 54 patients. The patients in two groups were respectively treated by solifenacin and tolterodine. After treatment for 8 weeks, the curative effect, urination and adverse reaction were compared between two groups. Results The total effective rate in observation group was 85.19%(46/54), in control group was 68.52%(37/54), there was significant difference (P<0.05). After treatment for 8 weeks, the frequency of urination for 24 h in observation group was less than that in control group [(7.2 ±3.1) times vs. (9.7 ±3.2) times], the levels of initial micturition desir bladder volume, maximum bladder pressure volume, maximum urine flow rate in observation group were better than those in control group:(215.4±34.6) ml vs. (184.1±42.1) ml, (341.6±24.5) ml vs. (283.4±24.8) ml, (20.4±5.8) ml/s vs. (16.8±7.1) ml/s, there were significant differences (P<0.05). The total scores and urgency scores of OAB symptom score (OABSS) in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group: (3.7±2.5) scores vs.(4.9±2.1) scores, (0.4±0.1) scores vs. (0.7±0.4) scores, P<0.05. The adverse reaction rate in observation group was 18.52%(10/54), in control group was 48.15%(26/54), there was significant difference ( P<0.01). Conclusions Solifenacin can improve urination in OAB patients, and compared with tolterodine, it has higher efficacy and less adverse reaction. It is worthy of clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Both high glucose and lipopolysaccharide have been proved to promote the apoptosis of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs), but their interactions on the HPLF apoptosis in vitro have not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide and high glucose on the proliferation, apoptosis and the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 in HPLFs in vitro. METHODS:The primarily cultured HPLFs were identified. The 5-8 generations of HPLFs were col ected and used in the subsequent experiment. The HPLFs were cultured in different concentrations of glucose (5.5 and 25 mmol/L) and lipopolysaccharide (0, 1 and 10 mg/L) for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/L) could significantly inhibit the cel proliferation, promote the cel apoptosis, upregulate the expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA and induce a significant decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio in the cel s cultured with 5.5 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05). The lipopolysaccharide-induced suppression of cel proliferation, cel apoptosis, the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA as wel as decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio were significantly strengthened in the HPLFs treated with 25 mmol/L glucose (P<0.05). Analysis of variance found that high glucose and lipopolysaccharide had a significant interaction on the cel apoptosis (P<0.05). These results reveal that lipopolysaccharide-induced suppression of cel proliferation, cel apoptosis and the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA are augmented in HPLFs cultured under high glucose condition, indicating lipopolysaccharide and high glucose interactively act in inducing cel apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the change of AQP1 and AQP2 before and after the release of obstruction and explore the relationship between reabsorption dysfunction of renal tubule and the change of AQPs. Methods The model of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) was established by surgery. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to study the expression of AQPs before and after obstruction. Results In UUO model, both AQPs began to down-regulate one day after obstruction, the expression of both AQPs became lower one day after the release of obstruction. And they started to up-regulate 7 day after the release of obstruction. AQP2 became normal since 14 days after the release of obstruction, and AQP1 became normal since 21 days after the release of obstruction. Conclusion The expression of AQP1 and AQP2 were descended in hydronephrosis. The dysfunction of renal tubule and the osmotic-dependent polyuria after the release of obstruction in UUO were caused by the down - regulation of AQPs.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate(MEHP) on proliferation of primary neural stem cells(NSCs)of rats and NE-4C cells of mice and on the migration of NE-4C cells and the mechanism. METHODS NE-4C or NSCs were treated with MEHP 1,10,100 and 1000 μmol · L-1 for 72 h,respectively. The cytotoxicity was estimated with the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). Cell proliferation was analyzed by EdU assay. The mRNA expression levels of the glucocorticoid receptor(GR),signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(Stat3)and sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2(Sox2) were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein expression levels of total GR,GRβ, Sox2,Stat3 and p-Stat3 were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS Cell viability of NE-4C cells and NSCs at MEHP 1000μmol·L-1 was significantly decreased,which was 70.3%and 40.0%of the control group, respectively. EdU assay showed that MEHP 100 μmol · L-1 decreased NE-4C cells and NSCs by 74.8%and 12.0%(P<0.05)compared with control. The effect of MEHP on the cell migration of NE-4C was evidenced by the fact that the migration was obviously reduced to (63.4±2.0)%(P<0.05)after treatment with MEHP 100μmol · L-1 for 72 h. The mRNA expression levels associated with proliferation and migration in NE-4C of GR,Stat3 and Sox2 in MEHP 100 μmol · L-1 group were down-regulated to 49.8%,26.0% and 14.0%of control(P<0.05). At MEHP 100μmol · L-1,mRNA of GR, Stat3 and Sox2 in NSCs declined to 10.0%,14.0% and 15.3% of normal control. Western blotting results revealed that protein expressions of GR,GRβ,Sox2 and p-Stat3 were remarkably inhibited by MEHP 100 μmol · L-1 in that the relative expression of NE-4C was 0.92 ± 0.17,0.87 ± 0.35,0.81 ± 0.22 and 0.62 ± 0.24(P<0.05). The corresponding protein expression in NSCs was 0.82 ± 0.20,0.56 ± 0.12,0.84 ± 0.36 and 0.53 ± 0.20(P<0.05)when the cells were treated with MEHP 100μmol · L-1 for 72 h. CONCLUSION MEHP can inhibit the proliferation and migration of NE-4C cells and NSCs possibly by decreasing Stat3 and Sox2 that are mediated by GRβ.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of RhoA down-regulation by RNA interference on the invasion of tongue carcinoma Tca8113 and SCC-4.

METHODSDetermination of the human RhoA sequence as well as the design and constructionof a short specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA) were performed. The siRNA of RhoA gene was transfected into humantongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 and SCC-4 cells line by Lipofectamine 2000. Quantitative real-time polymerasechain reaction was used to examine the mRNA expressionlevels of RhoA. Protein expressions of mRNA, galectin-3,and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were evaluated byWestern blot. Transwell invasion assay was performed toassess the invasion ability of tongue carcinoma.

RESULTSRhoA expressions in Tca8113 and SCC-4 cells were reducedsignificantly after transfection of RhoA-siRNA. Protein levels f galectin-3 and MVP-9 were also down-regulated significantly. Invasion ability was inhibited as well.

CONCLUSIONRhoA-siRNA can effectively inhibit RhoA expression in Tca8113 and SCC-4 cells. The invasion ability of tongue carcinoma cells decreased with down-regulation of the protein expressions of galectin-3 and MMP-9, indicating that RhoA-siRNA can inhibit invasion of tongue carcinoma. Results show that RhoA may play an important role in the processes of invasion and metastasis of tongue carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Galectin 3 ; metabolism ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Tongue Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transfection

Objeetive To explore the clinical application value of new modified paracalculous ureteral catheter in ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of large middle and lower ureteral stone.Methods From January 2014 to January 2017,86 patients with unilateral middle and lower ureteral large stone were treated in Jingzhou Central Hospital.By adopted to random digital table,86 patients were randomly separated into two groups,all of whom were treated with ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy.Forty-three cases were underwent new modified laser lithotripsy with ureteral catheter inserted beneath the stone.Normal saline was injected continuously through the catheter during lithotripsy procedure (modified lithotripsy group).Forty-three cases were underwent direct ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy (direct lithotripsy group).The outcome data were compared between the two groups,such as the operation time,stone clearance rate,ureteral perforation,transit to open surgery,postoperative urinary sepsis,perirenal hematoma,ureterostenosis and other complications.Measurement data were expressed as ((x) ± s),and t test was used for comparison between groups.Results All the patients in the modified lithotripsy group were completed successfully without ureteral perforation,rupture,loss of lithotripsy channel,transit to open surgery,perirenal hematoma,and urinary sepsis and so on.In the direct lithotripsy group,there were 5 cases of ureteral perforation,4 cases of lithotripsy channel loss,6 cases of transit to open surgery,2 cases of perirenal hematoma,1 case of urinary sepsis.The operation time of the two groups was (39.5 ± 7.2) min and (47.2 ± 11.6) min,respectively,t =-4.975,P =0.001.Stone clearance rate was 100％,91.1％.The patients in both groups received an average of 1 year out-patient follow-up.There were 3 cases of mild ureterostenosis in the modified lithotripsy group,which were not re-operated.In the direct lithotripsy group,there were 5 cases of mild ureterostenosis,and 2 cases of severe ureterostenosis,which were re-operated.Conclusion It is safe and effective to use the new modified paracalculous uteteral catheter in the ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy of large middle and lower ureteral stone,which can shorten the total operation time and reduce the occurrence of complications.It has a higher clinical value.

Objective:To summarize and analyze the current application status of oral mucosal graft (OMG) technique in the repair of ureteral strictures in China, and clarify the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of this technique.Methods:The 175 patients who underwent repair of ureteral stricture using oral mucosal patches from June 2015 to February 2022 were etrospectively analyzed in 14 medical centers in China, including 49 cases in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 32 cases in Affiliated Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 3 cases in The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 6 cases in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 56 cases in Peking University First Hospital, 3 cases in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 cases in Shanghai Sixth People' s Hospital, 4 cases in General Hospital of Estern Theater Command, 4 cases in Lanzhou University Second Hospital, 2 cases in Guizhou Province People 's Hospital, 2 cases in Peking University People' s Hospital, 5 cases in Jinzhou First People's Hospital, 5 cases in The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, 1 case in Shandong Provincial Hospital. In this study, 127 patients (72.6%) used lingual mucosal patches, 32(18.3%) labial mucosa, and 16(9.1%) buccal mucosa. The surgical approach for OMG ureteral reconstruction was mainly minimally invasive, with robot-assisted laparoscopy in 84 patients (48.0%), traditional laparoscopic surgery in 87 patients (49.7%), and open surgery in only 4 patients (2.3%). There were 133 males and 42 females with an average age of (35.0±17.2) years. The mean body mass index (BMI) and stenosis length were (23.1±4.1) kg/m 2 and (4.7±1.8) cm, respectively. The stricture was located in the left ureter in 116 patients, right ureter in 58 case and bilateral ureter in 1 case. The most common causes of ureteral stricture were endoscopic surgery in 88(50.3%)patients, congenital stricture in 55(31.4%)patients, failed ureteroplasty in 29(16.6%)patients, history of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in 13(7.4%)patients, radiotherapy history in 3(1.7%)patients and other causes in 6(3.4%)patients. Strictures were mainly located in the upper ureter, accounting for 61.7% (108/175 cases), followed by 36.0% (63/175) at the ureteropelvic junction and 2.3%(4/175)in the middle ureter. According to the surgical methods, the patients were divided into robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery group ( n=84), traditional laparoscopic surgery group ( n=87)and open surgery group ( n=4). Subgroup analysis of patients in robot-assisted laparoscopic and traditional laparoscopic surgery groups was performed. There were no significant difference in preoperative data between the two groups except for age (32.0±18.3) years vs.(37.0±15.9)years, P=0.040], BMI[(22.5±4.3)kg/m 2 vs. (23.7±3.6)kg/m 2, P=0.028], and etiology of stenosis [endoscopic injury, 34(40.5%) vs. 53(60.9%), P=0.012]. Preoperative hydronephrosis and stricture length were assessed by CTU and ureterography. Ureterography 7-9 weeks after surgery showed patency of the reconstructed segment, or no recurrence of hydronephrosis was judged as success. Evaluate the operation method, operation time, success rate, length of OMG in repairing ureteral stricture between laparoscopic and robot-assisted groups. Results:The overall success rate of oral mucosal graft repair surgery reached 97.7%(171/175). The success rate of ureteral reconstruction in the two groups were 96.4%(81/84)and 98.9%(86/87), respectively ( P=0.351), and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference for operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and mean oral mucosal length between the robotic and laparoscopic groups[(244.7±85.8) min and (222.7±83.5)min ( P=0.116), (58.9±38.6) ml and (68.4±45.5) ml ( P=0.217), (5.0±2.0) cm and (4.6±1.5) cm ( P=0.350)], respectively.Postoperative complications were reported in 23 (13.1%) patients, such as fever, urinary leakage, lymphatic leakage, infection, but only 2 (1.4%) cases patients had complications of Clavien-Dindo score ≥ Ⅲ. The two patients developed urinary stricture after surgery with failed conservative treatment, and no urinary stricture occurred following endoscopic treatment.The short-term (three months after surgery)incidence of complications in the site where the oral mucosa was taken, such as difficulty in opening mouth, pain, and swelling, was 12.0% (21/175), and there was no significant difference for oral complications between patients harvesting different length of mucosal graft. Conclusions:Ureteroplasty with oral mucosal graft is a safe, feasible and reliable technique for ureteral reconstruction. At present, minimally invasive technology is the main surgical approach for ureteroplasty, and there is no significant difference in operation time and success rate between robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of the original-mirror alignment algorithm and a landmark-independent method in constructing the midsagittal plane (MSP) of the cone beam computed tomography in patients with facial deformities, so as to provide a theoretical basis for symmetric analysis. Methods: The study was approved by the hospital ethics committee. Cone beam computed tomography data of 30 patients with facial deformities were obtained, and the output was saved in DICOM format. The scan data were imported into Mimics 21.0; after segmentation, three-dimensional (3D) skull models were reconstructed. Furthermore, the 3D scan data of skulls were transformed into mirror skull models using Geomagic Studio 2014 reverse engineering software. The MSP of each skull was generated using both the original-mirror alignment algorithm and the landmark-independent method. Original-mirror alignment algorithm: the original skull model and its mirror model were combined, and the new data to calculate the MSP (S1) of the original data in Geomagic Studio 2014 were obtained. Landmark-independent method: the following anatomical landmarks were determined using Mimics 21.0: nasion (N), crista galli (CG), sella (S), basion (Ba), vomer (V), posterior nasal spine (PNS), incisive foramen (IF), and anterior nasal spine (ANS). The MSP (S2) of best fit was then found by minimizing the mean square distance of these eight anatomical landmarks to a plane in Geomagic Studio 2014. The results of the S1 and S2 models constructed using the original-mirror alignment algorithm and the landmark-independent method, respectively, were scored subjectively by five senior maxillofacial surgeons, and a paired t-test was performed for the two groups. The internal consistency analysis was performed based on secondary experiments to verify the repeatability of the expert evaluation method. Results: The average scores of the S1 and S2 models were 65.73 and 75.90, respectively. The average score of the model constructed using the landmark-independent method was significantly higher than that of the model constructed using the original-mirror alignment algorithm (P<0.01). Furthermore, the results of the internal consistency analysis showed that the expert evaluation method had good reliability and validity. Conclusion In patients with facial deformities, the MSP constructed using the landmark-independent method is superior to that constructed using the original-mirror alignment algorithm. This study provides a theoretical basis for maxillofacial symmetry analysis in clinical settings and is clinically feasible.