Objective:To explore the relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD)and silent brain infarction (SBI).Methods:A total of 430 patients who had received coronary angiography were enrolled,including 330 CHD patients and 100 non-CHD patients.According to complicated with SBI or not scanned by cranial MRI,CHD pa-tients were divided into CHD+SBI group (n=208)and CHD without SBI group (pure CHD group,n=122).Levels of high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP)and homocysteine (Hcy)were measured,and coronary artery score (CAS)and Gensini score (GS)were calculated in all patients.Results:Incidence rate of complicated SBI in CHD patients was significantly higher than that of non-CHD patients (63% vs.31%,P <0.01);compared with pure CHD group,there were significant rise in age [(60.79±9.65)years vs.(67.14±9.77)years],percentages of hy-pertension (41.0% vs.66.8%),hyperlipidemia (37.7% vs.55.8%)and levels of hsCRP [(3.92±2.17)g/L vs. (5.85±6.27)g/L],Hcy [(9.20±3.20)μmol/L vs.(10.54±4.25)μmol/L],CAS [(0.88±0.88)scores vs. (1.94±0.94)scores]and GS [(18.62±16.23)scores vs.(53.04±39.61)scores],and percentage of left anterior descending artery stenosis (25.4% vs.69.2%)in CHD+SBI group,P <0.01;Logistic regression analysis indicated that risk factors of SBI were age (OR=1.07,95%CI:1.032~1.108),hypertension history (OR=2.195,95%CI:1.104~4.366),Hcy (OR=1.088,95%CI:1.001~1.182),CAS (OR=1.776,95%CI:1.049~3.007)and GS (OR =1.039,95%CI:1.013~ 1.066),P <0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion:Incidence rate of SBI in CHD pa-tients is significantly higher than that of non-CHD patients;the more severe coronary artery disease is,the higher percentage of complicated SBI is.CAS and Gensini score abnormities suggest there may be SBI existence simultaneously.

Objective To observe the effects of treadmill training on the recovery of neurological function and the expression of HSP70 and C-MYC in the brains of rats with focal cerebral ischemia. Methods Forty-two male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group ( n =6), a model group (n =18) and a treadmill exercise group (n=18). Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the model group and exercise group using a modified version of Longa's method. The rats in the treadmill exercise group were given treadmill training 6 d per week for 2 weeks after 24 h of MCAO. By contrast, the rats in the sham group and the model group were reared in standard cages. Before the rats were sacrificed at the 3rd, 7th and 14th d after MCAO, their neurological functions were tested using modified neurological severity scores ( mNSS) , and the mRNA and protein levels of HSP70 and C-MYC were detected using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) , immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Neurological function in the exercise group at the 7th and 14th days after MCAO had improved significantly compared with the control and model groups.The mRNA and protein levels of HSP70 and C-MYC were significantly upregulated at the 7th and 14th days. Conclusions Treadmill training can improve neurological function by upregulating the expression of HSP70 and C-MYC in the ischemic brain after MCAO.

AIM To study if cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) alter cardiovascular functions by its direct inhibitory effect on carotid sinus baroreceptor (CSB) activity. METHODS The functional curve of carotid baroreceptor (FCCB) was constructed and the functional parameters of carotid baroreceptor were measured by recording sinus nerve afferent discharge in anesthetized male rats with perfused isolated carotid sinus. RESULTS ① CCK-8 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 μmol·L-1 shifted FCCB to the right and downward, with a marked decrease in peak slope and peak integral value of carotid sinus nerve discharge in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating the inhibitory effect of CCK-8 on CSB activity. ② Pretreatment with proglumide (100 μmol·L-1), a nonselective CCK receptor antagonist, or Bay K8644 (0.5 μmol·L-1), an agonist of calcium channel, partially attenuated the inhibitory effect of CCK-8 (0.5 μmol·L-1) on CSB activity. Pretreatment with L-NAME (100 μmol·L-1), an inhibitor of NO synthase, did not affect the inhibitory action of CCK-8. CONCLUSION CCK-8 inhibits CSB activity, which may be mediated by activating CCK receptors in the carotid sinus area and thereby resulting in an inhibition of stretch-sensitive channels and decrease in Ca2+ influx.

Objective To study the behavioural changes and biological effects of selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist (CSC) in a rat model of levodopa(L-DOPA) -induced dyskinesia (LID).Methods The hemi-parkinsonian rat model was produced by stereotaxically injecting 6-OHDA to the right medial forebrain bundle. Rats were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with a random number generating program to receive intraperitoneal injections twice daily for 21 days (n = 10): saline, L-DOPA at 25 mg/kg with benserazide at 6. 25 mg/kg, CSC at 2. 5 mg/kg alone and CSC at 2.5 mg/kg with L-DOPA at 25 mg/kg plus benserazide at 6. 25 mg/kg. Forepaw adjusting steps, abnormal involuntary movements (AIM) and rotational response duration were observed on 2, 9, 11,18 and 21 d. After sacrifice, the expression of adenosine A2A R and mGluR5 was observed by Western blot. Results Co-administration of LDOPA with CSC significantly increased the forelimb adjusting steps of parkinsonian rats during 21 days of treatment when compared to L-DOPA alone. CSC treatment alone increased the forelimb adjusting steps significantly. Co-administration of L-DOPA with CSC ( ( 11 ± 5 ) score) significantly decreased the AIM scores of limb and orolingual muscles when compared to L-DOPA alone (( 17 ± 4) score; t = 2. 44, P ＜0. 05). The subchronic L-DOPA treatment upregulated the striatal expression of adenosine A2A R and mGluR5. However, co-administration of L-DOPA with CSC reversed the shortening of the rotational motor response duration induced by L-DOPA administration during the period of the treatment and attenuated the LDOPA-induced upregulation of adenosine A2A R and mGluR5 expressions. Conclusions CSC improves motor function in a hemi-parkinson rat model, potentiates the antiparkinsonian effects with L-DOPA and partly attenuates LID. Co-administration of L-DOPA with CSC reverses the L-DOPA-induced upregulated expression of A2A R and mGluR5, indicating the involvement of both A2A R and mGluR5 in the onset and progression of LID. Adenosine A2AR antagonists may be promising drugs for treatment of LID.

It analyzed the definition, mechanism, characteristics of Mirror Visual Feedback and summarized the application of mirror visual feedback in recovering upper limb function after stroke patients at home and abroad, so as to provide evidences for the further research in China.

Objective To observe the effects on and the possible mechanism of early exercise training underlying the mobilization of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with acute ischemic stroke were randomized into two groups:an early exercise group (treated with exercise training,n =60) and a control group(no exercise training,n =60).Meanwhile,each group was divided into two different age groups (50-68 years group of 32 cases,＞ 68 years group of 28 cases in exercise group;50-68 years group of 29 cases,＞ 68 years of 31 cases in control group).The amount of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood was accounted by flow cytometry (FCM),while the level of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) in blood serum was examined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA).National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS),Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to evaluate the patients at 1st day and 14th day after exercise.Results The amount of circulating progenitor cells after 14 days of exercise training in exercise group (from 27.93 ± 6.08/ml to 457.49 ± 73.02/ml)is higher than in control group(from 28.29 ± 5.93/ml to 81.87 ± 9.92/ml) (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,the level of VEGF at 14th day of exercise group is significantly higher (P ＜ 0.01).The score of NIHSS,FMA,MBI were not significantly different between exercise group and control group (P ＜ 0.01).However,the score of NIHSS was decrease in both exercise group and control group after treatment.Furthermore,the amount of circulating progenitor cells was not significantly different between the age groups either in exercise group or control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Early Exercise training may promote the mobilization of the circulating progenitor cells,which might be related to the increase of VEGF.The mobilization of the EPCs has no effect on the early neurological function after acute ischemic stroke.Age is not associated with the amount of circulating endothelial progenitor cells.

AIM To elucidate the effect of rhynchophylline(Rhy) on carotid sinus baroreceptor activity (CBA). METHODS By recording sinus nerve afferent discharge activity with isolated carotid sinus perfusion, parameters of CBA, such as peak slope (PS), peak integral value (PIV), threshold pressure (TP) and saturation pressure (SP) were examined. ①Rhy 10, 50, and 100 μmol·L-1, dissolved in K-H solution, was perfused into isolated carotid sinus, then the effects of Rhy on parameters of CBA were observed while intrasinus pressure was altered in a stepwise manner. ②NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 10 mmol·L-1, tetraethylammonium (TEA) 1 mmol·L-1 and Bay K8644 500 nmol·L-1 were perfused into isolated carotid sinus, and effects of them on the response of carotid baroreceptor to Rhy were observed. RESULTS ① By perfusing the isolated carotid sinus with Rhy 10 μmol·L-1, PS decreased from (19.2±0.3)% to (18.2±0.1)%·kPa-1and the PIV decreased from (219.3±3.3)% to (199.1±3.8)%, while TP and SP increased from (8.2±0.3) to (9.1±0.1)kPa and (21.5±0.1) to (22.1±0.1)kPa, respectively. By perfusing with Rhy 50 and 100 μmol·L-1, the changes in PS, TP and SP were in concentration-dependent manner, and this indicated inhibitory effect of Rhy on CBA. ②Pretreatment with L-NAME 100 μmol·L-1 did not affect inhibitory action of Rhy 50 μmol·L-1 on CBA. ③Pretreatment with TEA 1 mmol·L-1 had no effect on inhibitory effect of Rhy 50 μmol·L-1 on CBA. ④Pretreatment with Bay K8644 500 nmol·L-1 could mostly attenuate effect of Rhy 50 μmol·L-1 on CBA. CONCLUSION Rhy inhibits CBA via blocking calcium influx in baroreceptor nerve ending.

Objective To study the effects of treadmill training on the recovery of neurological function and the expression of IGF-1/IGF-1Rin the brain poat focal cerebral ischemia.Metheods Forty-two male,adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group(n=6),a model group(n=18)and a treadmill exercises group(n=18).Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in the latter two groups by right middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)using a modified Longa's metheod.The rats in the treadmill exercises group were given treadmill training 6 days a week for 4weeks beginning 24 h after the MCAO. Rats in the sham group and model groups were reared in standard cages and could move frddly. Before being sacrificed at the 7th 14th and 28th day after the MCAO,the rats' neurological function were tested giving modified neurological weverity scores (mNSS). The expression of IGF-1/IGF-1R was detected using the reverse transcriptsae polymersae chain reaction and immunohistochemical methods.Results Neurological runction in the exercises group at the 14th and 28th day was better than in the control group,and IGF-1 and IGF-1Rexpression were significcantly upregulated on the 7th,14th and 28th day after the MCAO.Conclusion Treadmill training can improve neurological function by upregulating the expression of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in the ischemic brain, at least in rats.

AIM: To explore the effects of adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation on the expression of IL-10 amd TNF-α after cerebral ischaemia in Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats. METHODS: 72 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, MCAO group, Vehicle group and ADSC group (n=18). Rat's cerebral ischemia model was established by MCAO with Longa' s method. ADSC were labeled by DAPI before transplantation. One day after MCAO, 30 μL of cell suspension containing 1×10~6 ADSCs were injected into the lateral ventricle of ADSC group and the same dose of PBS was given to the Vehicle group. At day 4, day 7 and day 14 after MCAO, the rats were decapitated to detect the expression of IL-10 and TNF-α in ischaemic rat' s brain by ELISA, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, the expression of IL-10 and TNF-α significantly up-regulated at 4 d, 7 d of MCAO group(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference of IL-10 and TNF-α expression between MCAO and vehicle group ant any time point(P>0.05). Compared with Vehicle group, the expression of IL-10 significantly up-regulated while TNF-α expression significantly decreased of ADSC-treated group at any timepoint post MCAO(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The transplantation of ADSC could up-regulate the expression of IL-10 and down-regulate the expression of TNF-α in MCAO rat' s brain, which might contribute to its protective role upon cerebral ischaemia.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the potential of colon cancer cells to differentiate into vascular endothelial cells in endothelial-induced specific environment. Methods:Three colon cancer cells with different differentiated level HCT116 (poor-ly differentiated), SW480 (moderately differentiated), HT29 (well differentiated) were cultured in the conditioned medium containing the endothelial-inducing factors for 15 days respectively. The expression of vascular endothelial indicators Platelet endothelial cell adhe-sion molecule-1、Endothelial cell adhesion molecule CD34 was detected via western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine CD31 and CD34 expression level in HCT116 after cultured in endothelial-inducing medium and ordinary medium for 15 days respectively, and the three-dimensional (3D) culture was used to detect the abililty of in vitro tube-like structure formation. Re-sults:Western blot showed that CD31 and CD34 expression level were negatively correlated with degree of differentiation in colon can-cer cells. CD31 and CD34 expression in endothelial-inducing medium HCT116 cells (poorly differentiated) were higher then in the nor-mal medium, while the CD31 and CD34 expression in SW480 cells (moderately differentiated) and HT29 cells (well differentiated) in the two cultural mediums were not notably changed. Immunofluorescence staining illustrated that CD31 and CD34 expression in HCT116 cells cultured in endothelial-inducing medium increased compared with those cultured in ordinary medium. In vitro three-di-mensional culture demonstrated that ability of tube-like structure formation was notably enhanced after endothelial-inducing cultured. Conclusion:Endothelial-inducing medium could promote colon cancer cells with strong stemness differentiate toward vascular endo-thelial cells.