Objective To collect the information about the types and clinically-used materials for fixed partial dentures, and evaluate the current conditions and characteristics of fixed partial dentures in Shanghai. Methods Three municipal public hospitals and two private commercial dental labs in Shanghai were served as sample units. The data of fixed partial dentures from January 2005 to December 2007 were retrospectively analysed. The number, type and material of dentures of each year were observed, and the proportion of different types and materials of dentures were analysed. Results From 2005 to 2007, the total number of fixed partial dentures gradually increased year by year, and porcelain fused metal crowns accounted for the largest proportion. The application of noble crown in public hospitals increased annually, and the increase rates were 13.85% in 2005 to 2006 and 30.86% in 2006 to 2007, respectively, while the application of casting basic metal full crown decreased annually. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) fixed partial dentures (CAD/CAM crown) and implant dentures occupied a tiny percentage of total fixed partial dentures in public hospitals and privated dental labs, while both had a remarkable increase trend in number between 2005 and 2007 (227.78% and 53.01%, respectively for 2005 to 2006, and 120.34% and 27.41%, respectively for 2006 to 2007). Conclusion Fixed partial dentures are the most common prostheses for tooth defect, and are characterized by the growing application of advanced techniques and high-quality materials.

Objective To collect the information about types and clinically-used materials for the dentures, and evaluate the current conditions and characteristics of prosthodontic treatment in Shanghai. Methods Three municipal public hospitals and two private commercial dental labs in Shanghai were served as sample units. The application information on fixed partial dentures, removable partial dentures and complete dentures from January 2005 to December 2007 was collected. The number of dentures in each sample unit, the total proportion of each type of dentures, and the proportion of each type of dentures in public hospitals or private labs were retrospectively analysed. Results From 2005 to 2007, the number of dentures increased by approximately 20% annually. The number of dentures made in private labs increased by 43.58% in 2005 to 2006 and 23.23% in 2006 to 2007.As to the types of dentures, fixed partial dentures constituted the largest proportion (74.49%-76.19% for public hospitals and more than 80% for private labs), while complete dentures accounted for the smallest proportion (5.07% to6.24% for public hospitals and 1.02% to 1.38% for private labs) . Conclusion With an ever-growing awareness of oral health, prosthodontics has been developing rapidly in Shanghai. The rapid increase trend of private dental clinics is noticeable. Fixed partial dentures constitute the largest proportion, while the proportion of complete denture gradually decreases year by year.

This study aims to understand the Escherichia coli drug resistance isolated from different parts of Tibet yak in order to provide scientific evidence for controling Escherichia coli.PCR analysis of drug resistance phenotype and drug resistance gene of aminoglycosides,florfenicol and sulfonamides were carried out in 200 strains of yak-derived Escherichia coli from 6 different places in Tibet.The results showed that the resistance rate of aminoglycoside to yak-derived Escherichia coli was 96％ of amikacin,94.59％ of streptomycin,19％ of neomycin,23％ of gentamicin,19％ of kanamycin.The detection rate of rmtB gene was 100％.The drug resistance rate of florfenicol was 25％ with 25％ detection rate of resistance geneflor.The resistance rate of sulfonamides was 32％ with 7％,7％ and 17％ detection rates of sul1,sul2 and sul3 respectively genes,Moreover,the result of drug resistance phenotype was consistent with that of drug resistance gene.Meanwhile,the expression of sull gene in different regions of Tibet were different in drug resistance of the bacilli,and those from the population-intensive and flow-sensitive Lhasa,Nyingchi and Xigaze were more resistant to drug resistance,while those from Ali,Shannan and Nagqu were relatively light.The above-mentioned drug-resistant phenotype and drug resistance genes were detected in different cities and regions of Tibet,and there were multiple drug-resistant phenomena.The results showed that there was resistance to Escherichia coli in Tibetan yak,which should be paid attention to,and suggested that the in Tibetan area the antibiotics should be rationally used to reduce the drug resistance.

Objective: To explore the genetic basis for a fetus with Dandy-Walker malformation. Methods: G-banding chromosomal karotyping, single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were carried out for the fetus. Chromosomal karyotyping and FISH assay were also carried out for both parents. Results: SNP array has detected a 4266 kb microdeletion at 6p25.3p25.1 in the fetus, which was confirmed by FISH. FISH analysis of the parents demonstrated that the father has carried a cryptic t(6; 14)(p25.1; p13) translocation, while the fetus has a der(6)t(6; 14)(p25.1; p13) derived the paternal translocation. Conclusion The der(6)t(6; 14)(p25.1; p13) probably underlies the Dandy-Walker malformation in the fetus. The 6p25.3p25.1 microdeletion is due to unbalanced gametes produced by the father’s cryptic balanced translocation.

Myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 (MR-1) is a novel protein involved in cellular proliferation, migration, inflammatory reaction and signal transduction. However, little information is available on the relationship between MR-1 expression and the progression of atherosclerosis. Here we report atheroprotective effects of silencing MR-1 in a model of Ang II-accelerated atherosclerosis, characterized by suppression focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and atherosclerotic lesion macrophage content. In this model, administration of the siRNA-MR-1 substantially attenuated Ang II-accelerated atherosclerosis with stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques and inhibited FAK, Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and NF-kB activation, which was associated with suppression of inflammatory factor and atherogenic gene expression in the artery. In vitro studies demonstrated similar changes in Ang II-treated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and macrophages: siRNA-MR-1 inhibited the expression levels of proinflammatory factor. These studies uncover crucial proinflammatory mechanisms of Ang II and highlight actions of silencing MR-1 to inhibit Ang II signaling, which is atheroprotective.
Angiotensin II* ; Angiotensins* ; Animals ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis* ; Cell Proliferation ; Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Gene Expression ; In Vitro Techniques ; Macrophages ; Mice* ; Muscle Development ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; NF-kappa B ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus

Objective Based on the process theory of stress effect,the structural equation model of the influencing factors of self-regulatory fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis patients is constructed,which provides theoretical bases and references for the formulation of intervention programs to relieve self-regulatory fatigue in patients.Method A total of 420 maintenance hemodialysis patients were surveyed using General Information Questionnaire,Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale,Dialysis Symptom Index,Life Orientation Test-Revised,Perceived Social Support Scale,Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and Medical Coping Styles Questionnaire.Results Total score of self-regulatory fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis patients was(49.52±10.93),and self-regulatory fatigue showed significant positive correlation with symptom distress,the illness perception,avoidance coping style,yieldly coping(r=0.476,0.428,0.303,0.611,all P＜0.01);self-regulatory fatigue showed significant negative correlation with perceived social support and dispositional optimism(r=-0.410,-0.652,all P＜0.01);it showed no significant correlation with facing coping(r=-0.032,P＞0.05).The Bootstrap analysis revealed that the mediation effect of yielding coping,dispositional optimism,perceived social support,and illness perception between symptom distress and self-regulatory fatigue was significant(95％CI:0.027～0.203).The overall effect of symptom distress on self-regulatory fatigue was(P＜0.001,95％CI:0.576～0.751);the direct effect was(P＜0.001,95％CI:0.170～0.357);the indirect effect was(P＜0.001,95％CI:0.332～0.485);the mediation effect accounted for 61.1％of the total effect value.Conclusion Maintenance hemodialysis patients have a high degree of self-regulatory fatigue,which needs to be further improved.Medical staff should timely identify and evaluate the symptom distress of patients,focus on guiding patients to adjust optimistic disease,provide patients with psychological guidance and stress coping strategies,reduce the negative coping behavior tendency,guide the patients correctly perceive support and care in social relations,help patients set up the correct disease cognition,thus reducing the patient's self-regulatory fatigue.

OBJECTIVE: To diagnose a fetus with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) using various techniques. METHODS: Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP Array), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were applied in conjunction for the prenatal diagnosis of the fetus. RESULTS: SNP Array detected a 4.03 Mb microdeletion at 22q13.31q13.33 in the fetus, which was confirmed by FISH and MLPA. FISH analysis of the parents suggested that the 22q13.31q13.33 deletion has a de novo origin. CONCLUSION Combined use of various techniques can enable accurate prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosome Disorders ; diagnosis ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo assess the clinical application of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array in detecting abnormal chromosome karyotypes of chorionic villi from early spontaneous abortuses.

METHODSA total of 861 chorionic villus samples from unexplained early spontaneous abortion were collected from Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine during October 2013 and June 2016, and SNP-array was performed to detect genome-wide DNA copy number variants.

RESULTSAll samples were successfully tested by SNP-array and 440 cases (51.10%) were found to have abnormal chromosome constitutions. Aneuploidy was identified in 358 (41.58%) cases, distributing in all chromosomes except chromosome 1. Triploidy and haploidy were found in 21 (2.44%) and one case (0.12%), respectively. Thirty-seven cases (4.30%) were identified as single chromosomal segment deletion or duplication, 25 of which were less than 10 Mb in size. For 6 of 25 cases with unclear pathogenesis, family studies were carried out to identify origin of deletion or duplication, showing that 4 cases were de novo and 2 were inherited from one of the parents. Twenty-three cases (2.67%) showed two chromosomal deletion/duplication segments. Combining with karyotyping and fluorescencehybridization, 6 cases were identified as de novo aberration and 11 carried small-size segmental balanced abnormality.

CONCLUSIONSSNP-array can provide a relatively comprehensive genetic analysis of chorionic villi and can detect various kinds of chromosome abnormalities in spontaneous miscarriages.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical application of single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) in patients with intellectual disability/developmental delay(ID/DD). METHODS: SNP array was performed to detect genome-wide DNA copy number variants (CNVs) for 145 patients with ID/DD in Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2013 to June 2018. The CNVs were analyzed by CHAS software and related databases. RESULTS: Among 145 patients, pathogenic chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 32 cases, including 26 cases of pathogenic CNVs and 6 cases of likely pathogenic CNVs. Meanwhile, 18 cases of uncertain clinical significance and 14 cases of likely benign were identified, no significant abnormalities were found in 81 cases (including benign). CONCLUSIONS SNP array is effective for detecting chromosomal abnormalities in patients with ID/DD with high efficiency and resolution.
Chromosome Aberrations ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; standards ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical application of single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) in prenatal genetic diagnosis for fetuses with absent nasal bone. METHODS: Seventy four fetuses with absent nasal bone detected by prenatal ultrasound scanning were recruited from Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine during June 2015 and October 2018. The chromosome karyotypes analysis and SNP array were performed. The correlation between absent fetal nasal bone and chromosome copy number variants was analyzed. RESULTS: Among 74 fetuses, 19 were detected to have chromosomal abnormalities, including 16 cases of trisomy-21, 1 case of trisomy-18 and two cases of micro-deletion/duplication. Among 46 cases with isolated absence of nasal bone, 3 had trisomy-21, and 1 had a micro-duplication. Absence of nasal bone in association with nuchal translucency thickening had a higher rate of abnormal karyotypes compared with isolated absence of nasal bone (=32.27,<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Fetuses with absent nasal bone and nuchal translucency thickening are likely to have chromosome abnormalities, and SNP array testing is recommended to exclude the chromosome abnormalities.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Nasal Bone ; abnormalities ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; standards ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; methods