OBJECTIVE: To identify anti-hypoxia ingredients extracted from Portulaca oleracea and to find out the possible mechanism of its anti-hypoxia actions. METHODS: Seventy mice were randomly divided into seven groups which were untreated (normal saline), ginsenosides-treated, polysaccharide-treated, acidic components-treated, basic components-treated, alkaloids-treated and flavones-treated groups, and the ingredients of polysaccharide, acidic components, basic components, alkaloids and flavones were extracted from Portulaca olerace. The mice in each group were fed with corresponding ingredients for one week respectively. Then the survival time of mice in hypoxic conditions was observed. Another 90 mice were divided into 3 groups: untreated (normal saline), ginsenosides-treated and flavones-treated groups. The mice in each of these 3 groups were divided into 3 subgroups according to 12-, 24- and 36-hour exposure to hypoxia (10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen), respectively. After exposure to hypoxia, the red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hematocrit (HCT) in mice were determined. The plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels of mice were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the relative values of EPO mRNA in renal tissue and pallium of mice were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The survival time of mice in hypoxic conditions in flavones-treated group was significantly longer than that in the untreated group. The RBC, Hb concentration, HCT, plasma EPO level and the relative values of EPO mRNA in renal tissue and pallium of mice were significantly higher in the flavones-treated group than those in the untreated group. CONCLUSION: The anti-hypoxia ingredients extracted from Portulaca oleracea are flavones and the anti-hypoxia effects may be obtained by improving the expression level of EPO and accelerating the generations of erythrocyte and Hb.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of health education project on prevention and control of endemic diseases in Henan Province.Methods:According to the distribution and condition of endemic diseases in Henan Province, from 2008 to 2015, five project counties (cities, districts, referred to as counties) were selected in each provincial city. Three townships (towns) were selected from each project county as project townships (towns), and one central primary school and the village where the school was located were selected from each township (town) as health education survey sites. The prospective study method was adopted. Firstly, the students in the primary school of the project township (town) and the housewives in the project village were investigated with questionnaire. The intervention activities of health education were carried out in the county, township (town), village and school of the project. The intervention effect of health education was evaluated by questionnaire survey two months later.Results:There were 111 870 people investigated in Henan Province, including 74 580 students and 37 290 housewives. A total of 99 671 people were surveyed after the intervention, including 66 249 students and 33 422 housewives. Elementary student's awareness rate of endemic diseases prevention and control knowledge increased from 59.74% before intervention to 92.89% after intervention, the housewives' awareness rate increased from 65.62% before intervention to 91.82% after intervention. The awareness rate of the target population increased from 61.70% before intervention to 92.53% after intervention ( P < 0.01); among them, the awareness rates of iodine deficiency disorders, drinking water type fluorosis, coal-burning type fluorosis, drinking water type arsenic poisoning, Kashin-Beck disease and Keshan disease were significantly increased ( P < 0.01). Conclusion:With the implementation of health education project, the awareness rate of knowledge on endemic diseases has increased distinctly.

Objective:To investigate the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in Henan Province after implementation of new standard of iodized salt, and to provide evidence for scientific adjustment of control strategy.Methods:In 2018, according to "Henan Surveillance Program on Iodine Deficiency Disorders", 5 townships were randomly picked out based on their sub area positions of east, west, south, north and middle in each county in the non-high iodine areas of 156 non-high iodine and high iodine counties (cities, districts). Then 20 pregnant women were sampled in each chosen township to collect and determine their salt and urinary iodine contents. The iodine level in salt was determined by direction titration; the salt samples from Sichuan and other enhanced salt samples were detected by arbitration; iodine content in urine was tested by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophometry.Results:In total, 15 430 household salt samples of pregnant women were collected and determined; the coverage rate of iodized salt was 95.4% (14 721/15 430) and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 87.0% (13 426/15 430); the median of salt iodine was 25.8 mg/kg. Totally 15 378 urine samples were collected and the median urinary iodine was 188.0 μg/L. The medians of urinary iodine of early, middle and late pregnant were 190.2, 188.9 and 186.0 μg/L, respectively.Conclusions:After the implementation of new standard of iodized salt, the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women in Henan Provence is totally appropriate. The surveillance of iodine status and the universal salt prevention and control strategies among pregnant women should be continuously presented to ensure the moderate amount of iodine intake.

Objective:To explore the effect of health education on drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Henan Province.Methods:From 2008 to 2015, using prospective method and combining with the distribution of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Henan Province, 20-30 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis counties (cities, districts, referred to as counties) were selected as project counties in Henan Province each year, and 3 townships (towns) were selected in each project county. School health educational activities on prevention and treatment of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis were carried out in the classes of grade 4-6 in one central primary school in each township (town); 3 administrative villages were selected in each township (town) to carry out community health education activities. Before and after the health education activities, questionnaire surveys on health education of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis prevention knowledge were conducted among 30-50 primary school students of grade 5 in the central primary school and 15-30 housewives in the school location in each township (town), to evaluate the effect of health education.Results:The baseline survey included 29 085 primary school students and 14 361 housewives. After the health intervention, 25 671 primary school students and 12 821 housewives were surveyed. The awareness rate of primary school students increased from 56.12% before the intervention to 92.40% after the intervention (χ 2=27 395.3, P < 0.01), and that of housewives increased from 62.62% before the intervention to 91.76% after the intervention (χ 2=9 560.8, P < 0.01). Conclusions:After implementation of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis health education intervention, the awareness rates of prevention and treatment knowledge in primary school students and housewives in Henan Province are significantly increased. It is suggested that the scope of health education should be further expanded.

Objective To investigate the effect ofolipoprotein E (ApoE) mimetic peptide on neural apoptosis and autophagy and their mechanisms in mice after traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods A total of 40 health adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group,TBI+normal saline (NS) group,TBI+COG1410 (1 mg) group and TBI+COG1410 (2 mg) group (n=10).The TBI models of moderate mice were constructed by controlled cortex impact (CCI) devices in the later three groups and mice in the sham-operated group were performed bone window operning only.Thirty min after model making,COG1410 treatment was given by intravenous injection of COGl410 via the tail vein at a dose of 1 mg/kg.d or 2 mg/kg.d.Mice in sham-operated group and TBI+NS group were injected with equal sterile NS instead.Neurological functions were tested 3 d after TBI by rolling-bar test and modified neurological severity scale (mNSS).Neural apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL and autophagy protein LC3 expression in the neurons of cortex around the lesion focus was detected by immunofluorescence.Western blotting was employed to detect the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3) and autophagy proteins (Beclin-1,LC3-Ⅰ and LC3-Ⅱ),and changes of Akt,mTOR,phosphorylated-(p-) Akt,p-mTOR levels.Results As compared with those in the sham-operated group,significantly shortened rotarod latency,significantly increased mNSS scores,significantly increased Bax and Caspase-3 protein expressions,significantly decreased Bcl-2,significantly increased Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ protein expressions and number of TUNEL postive neurons,and statistically increased p-Akt and p-mTOR levels in the TBI+NS group were noted (P＜0.05).As compared with those in the TBI+NS group,significantly increased rotarod latency,significantly decreased mNSS scores,significantly decreased Bax and Caspase-3 protein expressions,significantly increased Bcl-2,significantly decreased Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ protein expressions and number of TUNEL postive neurons,and statistically increased p-Akt and p-mTOR levels in the TBI+COG1410 (1 mg) group and TBI+COG 1410 (2 mg) group were noted (P＜0.05).As compared with those in the TBI+COG 1410 (1 mg) group,significantly increased rotarod latency,significantly decreased mNSS scores,significantly decreased Bax and Caspase-3 protein expressions,significantly increased Bcl-2 expression,significantly decreased Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ protein expressions and number of TUNEL postive neurons,and statistically increased p-Akt and p-mTOR levels in the TBI+COG1410 (2 mg) group were noted (P＜0.05).Conclusion ApoE peptide is effective in reducing the excessive neuronal apoptosis and neurological dysfunctions caused by excessive neuronal autophagy after TBI,which is associated with the modulation of Akt/mTOR related pathway.