Objective To analyze the reasons and treatment measures of cerebral infarction following operation of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage. Methods Sixty-one patients with cerebral infarction following operation of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were retrospectively analyzed. Results The outcome was evaluated on basis of activities of daily lives (ADL): Ⅰ 10 cases, Ⅱ 11 cases, Ⅲ 14 cases, Ⅳ 8 cases, Ⅴ3 cases and death 12 cases. Conclusions The occurrence of cerebral infarction following operation hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage is associated with degree of the hemorrhage compression, vasospasm, hypertension,operative skill and postoperative management. The early operation, improved operative skill and hyperbaric oxygenation are the important factors for the prophylaxis and treatment of cerebral infarction.