Systematic pharmacological evaluation of material basis for the efficacy of Chinese herbal formula is one of the key issues in Chinese materia medica(CMM),which is in urgent need of solution.However,its scientific connotation is still controversial in academic circles.The material basis for the efficacy of Chinese herbal formula is the total non-endogenous bioactive compound(derived either directly or indirectly from this formula) exerting the therapeutic effects,which is generated by the interaction of the formula with human body and reaches certain concentration in the target organs or tissues.Systematic evaluation of material basis for the efficacy of Chinese herbal formula is the cornerstone of modernization and internationalization of CMM,while the quality control of CMM is its prerequisite.

The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells is closely related to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, vascular restenosis, and etc. A proper model for smooth muscle cell proliferation can be served as an important tool for exploring the molecular mechanisms of smooth muscle cell proliferation and the screening of potential inhibitory agents. Various factors can induce the proliferation of smooth muscle cells with different mechanisms and pathological significance. The ox-LDL, AGEs, angiotensin II (AngⅡ), high glucose, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and etc. have been successfully applied in the establishment of smooth muscle cell proliferation model. This article summarized the most commonly used models for smooth muscle cell proliferation. The inhibitory effects of Chinese herbal medicine, especially the isolated pure compounds were discussed. It was aimed to provide references for the screening of smooth muscle cells based medications as well as studies on related research and development of Chinese herbal medicine.

Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is mainly used to enhance the dissolution rate and bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. It has many advantages, such as simple process, continuous operation, high efficiency, on-line monitoring and so on. HME provides an innovative approach, which has been concerned by pharmaceutical workers, for preparation of solid dispersion abroad. This article reviews recent advances on preparation of solid dispersion by HME in preparation processing, carrier materials and quality evaluation in order to further promote and apply HME in preparation of solid dispersion.

Aim To investigate the apoptosis mechanism of human gastric cancer cell SGC-7901 induced by Omphalia lapidescens protein pPeOp.Methods CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to detect the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of pPeOp(30, 60, 90 mg·L-1) on SGC-7901.The mRNA and protein expression of TNF-R1, Fas/FasL, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and caspase-8 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Results SGC-7901 cells were treated with different concentrations of pPeOp(30, 60, 90 mg·L-1) for 24 h.CCK-8 test showed that there was no significant difference between PVP group and the control group.The survival rate of the 5-Fu group was(53.71±7.34)% (P<0.05).The survival rates of pPeOp group(30, 60, 90 mg·L-1) were(80.95±6.25)%, (53.48±5.70)% and(44.61±6.50)%(r=0.984,P=0.016),respectively.Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of PVP group had no significant difference with control group, and the apoptosis rate of 5-Fu group was about(39.30±3.34)%(P<0.05).The apoptotic rates of pPeOp group(30, 60, 90 mg·L-1) were(10.90±1.25)%, (28.80±2.70)% and (32.00±3.50)%,respectively(P<0.05).The mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were down-regulated,whereas the expression of TNF-R1, Fas/FasL, caspase-3 and caspase-8 were significantly up-regulated(P<0.05).Conclusions pPeOp can significantly inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 and induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.Death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathway may be related to pPeOp-induced apoptosis of gastric cancer SGC-7901.

Objective To establish a new model of acute hepatic failure in canines for bioartificial liver treatment research . Methods Acute hepatic failure was induced by end to side portocaval shunt combined with common bile duct ligation and transection. The survival rate, liver function, ammonia, Fischer's ratio (BCAA/AAA) and pathological change of injury liver were investigated. Results The ammonia, ALT, AKP, total bilirubin and PT were elevated dramatically and Fischer's ratio declined significantly 14 days after the operation. The survival rate of the models decreased with time 14 days after the operation. Pathological examination of liver tissues revealed evidence of cholestasis, inflammation with accumulation of neutrophils, degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes.Conclusions End to side portocaval shunt combined with common bile duct ligation and transection can produce a satisfactory acute hepatic failure model in canines, which could be used in the study of bioartificial liver.

Objective To construct a novel bioartificial liver (BAL) system and evaluate its functions in vitro. Methods Chinese experimental minipig hepatocytes were isolated by in situ recirculating collagenase perfusion method and 1.0?10~(10) hepatocytes were cultured in serum-free medium with restriction of(attachment), and using spinner method to form hepatocyte(spheroids).cted by inoculating the hepatocyte(spheroids) into cell circuit of a hollow fiber bioreactor from BIOLIV A3A. Observing the number and viability of the(hepatocytes), the changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBI), albumin (ALB) in(circulating) hepatocyte suspension and(RPMI1640) medium; in addition, lidocaine metabolism test was(determined),(during) 6h circulation of the system. (Results) There were no significant differences in number and viability of the hepatocytes before and after 6h(circulation). The BAL system has relatively strong albumin synthesis and lidocaine(metabolism) functions. (Conclusions) The BAL system that we developed had ability to support liver functions and could be used in the treatment of liver failure, or to provide temporary liver support for candidates of liver(transplantation).

Objective:To research the influence and mechanism of Toufeng capsule (TFC) on the concentratioin of blood active substance and single amine neurotransmitter in the brain and blood of magraine mice.Methods: We chose animal disease model of migraine made by hypodermic nitroglycerin and measured the concentration of 5 HT. NE and DA in the rat's brain and blood by means of enzymeimmunoassay experimental methods.Results: TFC could obviously increase the concentration of 5 HT and NE in the bloold and of 5 HT, DA and NE in the brain.Conclusions: TFC might improve neurosystematic regulation functions and enhance the neurotransmitters' secretion and metabolism.

Natural product is an important source of new drug research and development (R&D). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) innovation is the key step for its modernization and internationalization. However, due to the complexity of TCM, there are many difficulties and confusions in this process. Target-based drug discovery is the mainstream model and method of R&D. TTD, short for therapeutic target database, is developed by National University of Singapore. Besides a large amount of information on drug targets, the database also contains considerable information related to natural products. This paper briefly introduces the TTD, analyzes the natural products derived drugs/compounds recorded in TTD, which we think might provide some inspiration for the innovation of TCM.

Objective To analyze the incidence of BK virus (BKV) infection after kidney transplantation in our center and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of conversion treatment with Mizoribine (MZR) on BKV infection after kidney transplantation.Methods The information of recipients who received BK virus screening in hospital or outpatient during 2015-02 to 2016-12 in our center was retrospectively analyzed.The recipients positive for BKV were divided into experiment group (given conversion treatment with MZR) and control group (not given MZR conversion) according to the inclusion criteria.The negative rate of BKV,AR,hyperuricemia and the function of renal allograft during the conversion treatment with MZR were observed.Results 182 recipients accepted BKV screening during 2015-02 to 2016-12 and 68 cases were positive.The positive rate of BKV was 38.5 ％.The positive rate of peripheral blood specimens and midstream urine specimens was 7.1％ and 36.8％ respectively.Twelve recipients were positive for BKV in both peripheral blood specimens and midstream urine specimens.There were 27 recipients in experiment group and 36 cases in control group.Fourteen recipients positive for BKV became negative after MZR conversion in experiment group and the negative rate was up to 51.9％.The mean time of negative rate was 3.2 ± 2.7 (1-10) months after MZR conversion.During the conversion treatment with MZR,AR occurred in 1 case and was reversed by the impact therapy with Thymoglobulin in experiment group.The value of serum uric acid was maintained stable before and after MZR conversion under the action of uric-acidlowering drug.The renal function was kept stable in both experiment group and control group after renal transplantation.No deaths and renal allograft failure cases occurred in both groups during the research period.The 2-year survival rate for patients and kidneys was both 100％.Conclusion The incidence of BKV infection after kidney transplantation was high and the treatment scheme of MZR conversion was safe and effective.

Objective Using polysulfon fibers, a new bioartificial liver was developed. This study was to evaluate the efficacy of this bioartificial liver in the support of a disfunctioned liver. Methods Hepatocytes were procured from swine using Seglen′s methods. The bioartificial liver was constructed based on polysulfon bioreactor with a procurement of 10 10 hepatocytes, and was applied in 12 acute liver failure patients for 14 sessions. Each BAL treatment lasted 6 hours. The general conditions of the patients and the biochemical parameters were evaluated. Results After treatment with bioartificial liver, ammonia, prothrombin time and total bilirubin level significantly decreased (all P