Objective To observe the expression of triggering receptor-1 on myeloid cells (TREM-1) of mice with acute lung injury (ALI) in oder to find out its regularity and significance in inflammatory response of or-ganisms. Method Thirty BALB/C mice were randomly(random number) divided into normal control group (n =6) and ALl group (n = 24). The models of ALI were made with intraperitonal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in dose of 10 mg/kg. Specimens from peripheral blood and lung tissue were collected 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after LPS injected. The fluorescent real-time quantitative reverse transcriptiun-polymerase chain (RT-PCR) was used to detect TREM-1 mRNA, and ELISA was employed for detection of TREM-1 protein and TNF-α protein, and HE staining was made doe the pathological Smith lung score under light microscope. Analysis of variance was used for comparison of TREM-1 mRNA, TNF-α and Smith lung injury score between two groups. Spearman corre-lation analysis was made to find out the relationship among these three variables. Results The expressions of TREM-1 mRNA in lung tissue of ALI mice 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 hours after injection of LPS were 6.61±0.08,34.71±0.83, 61.85±14.05 and 56.46±8.89, respectively which were higher than that in control group (1.00±0.00, P = 0.017, 0.009, 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). The expressions of TREM-1 mRNA in blood were 14.01±3.24, 47.07±0.98, 8.18±0.43 and 8.06±0.05, respectively which were higher than that in normal control group (1.00±0.00, P = 0.010, 0.004, 0.011 and 0.011, respectively). The expression of TREM-1 rnRNA in tissue began to increase 6 hours after modeling and reached its peak 24 hours later, and expres-sion of TREM-1 mRNA in blood reached its peak after 12 hours. The levels of TREM-1 protein in lung tissue of ALl mice 6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 hours after LPS injected were 997.8±114.62, 1579.70±45.92, 1123.9±108.2 and 429.8±89.96 pg/mL, respectively which were higher than that of mice in control group (279.22±4.62 pg/mL, P = 0.024, 0.007, 0.011 and 0.04, respectively). The level of TREM- 1 protein reached the peak 12 hours after LPS injected, but it had no significant correlation with the expression of TREM-1 mRNA (P =0.14). The levels of TNF-α protein in lung tissue of ALI mice 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 hours after LPS injection were 313.16±39.50, 491.91±96.65, 388.48±29.84 and 282.5±52.76 pg/mL, respectively which were sig-nificantly higher than that of mice in control group (256.6±28.31 pg,/mL, P = 0.037, 0.019, 0.032 and 0.043, respectively). The TNF-α concentration was positively correlated with TREM-1 levels in lung tissue and with Smith pathological score (r = 0.795, P = 0.001: r = 0.499, P = 0.034), but not with the expression of TREM-1 mRNA (P = 0.176). Conclusions The expression of TREM-1 mRNA in lung tissue of mice with ALI is elevated, and the expression of TREM-1 mRNA is related to the level of TNF-α and the severity of the ALI in in-flammatory responses in lung. The expressions of TREM- 1 gene are not consistent with the levels of TREM- 1 pro-tein, suggesting another new functional proteins involved in immune regulation.

Objective To explore the standardized management mode of the Ethics Committee for organ donation after citizen’s death in hospitals. Methods The situations of ethical review before and after the standardized adjustment of the Ethics Committee of human organ donation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline data of donors before and after standardized adjustment of the Ethics Committee of human organ donation were compared. The influence of standardized adjustment of the Ethics Committee on the attendance rate of committee members and duration of ethical review were analyzed. Results No significant differences were observed in donors' ethical review data, such as gender, age and death determination, before and after standardized adjustment of Ethics Committee structure (all P>0.05). Significant difference was noted regarding the cause of death in ethical review (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the impact of Ethics Committee standardization adjustment and cause of death on the attendance rate of committee members (both P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that gender, cause of death and standardized adjustment of the Ethics Committee were the influencing factors of the attendance rate of committee members, and the attendance rate of committee members after standardized adjustment was higher than that before adjustment (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the effects of Ethics Committee standardized adjustment, attendance rate of committee members and cause of death on the duration of ethical review (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that standardized adjustment of the ethics committee was the influencing factor of the duration of ethical review, and the duration of ethics review after standardized adjustment was shorter than that before adjustment (P<0.05). Conclusions Appropriate arrangement of the total number of ethics committee members and standardizing the review process may improve the efficiency of ethical review. Scientific evaluation mechanism for ethical committee members should be established by dynamically adjusting the ethical committee members, clarifying the responsibilities and tasks of members and secretaries, aiming to further improve standardized management level of ethical review for organ donation after citizen’s death.

To introduce and analyze guideline terminology related to clinical question formulation, evidence retrieval and appraisal, and recommendation development.