Objective To investigate the effect of Fushenjiangxianning on renal protein kinase C(PKC),renal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),renal platelet-derived growth factor ?(PDGF-?),and renal protection in diabetic nephropathy(DN) rats.Methods The diabetic SD rats induced by STZ were divided into four groups: diabetic control group,Fushenjiangxianning group,Irbesartan group, and Fushenjiagxianning combined with Irbesartan group,and the normal control group as well.After the experimental rats in every group were respectively treated for 12 weeks by above intervention methods,the relative kidney weight,blood sugar,urea nitrogen(Bun),serum creatinine(Scr),and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) were detected by routine analysis methods,and PKC and VEGF in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemical techniques,and PDGF-? in renal tissue was detected by Western blotting,and ultramicrostructure of kidney was observed by transmission electron microscope.ResultsThe expression of renal cortex PKC and VEGF was increased in diabetic rats.The ultramicrostructure of kidney was noticeably changed,and the blood sugar,UAER,BUN,Scr,relative kidney weight,and PDGF-? were significantly increased in diabetic rats.While the above indexes in Fushenjiangxianning group,Irbesartan group,and Fushenjiangxianning combined with Irbesartan group were significantly lower than those in diabetic control group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of Jieju Fushenning(JFN) on platelet-derived growth factor B(PDGF-B) and bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7) expression in renal tissue of rats with diabetes mellitus(DM). Methods The diabetic SD rats induced by STZ were divided into four groups:model group,JJFSN group,irbesartan group and JFN combined with irbesartan group. Meanwhile,a normal control group was set up. The rats in each group received corresponding treatment for 12 weeks. The urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) was detected by routine analysis method,and PDGF-B and BMP-7 expression in renal tissue were detected by immunohistochemical techniques. PDGF-B expression in renal tissue was detected by Western blot,and the ultrastructure of kidney was observed by transmission electron microscope. Results The expression of BMP-7 was decreased and PDGF-B expression was increased in renal cortex of the model group. PDGF-B expression was obviously decreased and BMP-7 expression was increased in JFN group,irbesartan group and JFN combined with irbesartan group compared with those in the model group(P

Objective To investigate the effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on the activity of renalase in dogs with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods After induced by abdominal aorta constriction,dogs were divided into three groups according to whether they underwent double renal artery ablation:2 dogs in control group,2 dogs in sham-operated group (no renal artery ablation),and 5 dogs in RSD group (renal artery ablation).Plasma noradrenaline (NE),B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP),and renalase were determined in 5 dogs with RSD (RSD group),2 control dogs (control group),and 2 shamoperated dogs (sham-operated group).Results NE,BNP and heart rate were significantly higher and renalase was lower in CHF group than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control dogs with CHF,the levels of renalase were significantly increased in 6 weeks after RSD [(1 948.78 ±49.19) ng/ml vs (1 847.35 ±20.72)ng/ml,P =0.029],and NE [(166.30 ±7.68)pg/ml vs (181.29 ±8.57)pg/ml],and BNP [(75.10 ± 5.58)lμg/ml vs (89.79 ± 2.04) μg/ml] were decreased in 8 weeks after RSD (all P ＜ 0.05).An decreased trend of the levels of renalase was observed in 8 weeks than in 6 weeks in CHF dogs after RSD,without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The activity of renalase in dogs with CHF can be affected by RSD.

Objective To investigate the relationship between renal sympathetic nerve activity and the severity of heart failure in dogs with chronic heart failure ( CHF) .Methods CHF were induced by ab-dominal aorta constriction.Plasma renin activity ( PRA) , adrenaline ( E) , and noradrenaline ( NE) were determined in 9 dogs with CHF (CHF group) and 3 sham-operated dogs (control group).Results E, NE, PRA, and B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP) were significantly higher in CHF group than those in con-trol group (all P <0.01).Compared to 10-week post-operation, PRA [(2.08 ±0.08)ng/(ml? h) vs (2.26 ±0.16)ng/(ml? h)], NE [(184.01 ±11.76)pg/ml vs (202.99 ±16.54)pg/ml] and BNP [(85.87 ±11.41)μg/ml vs (100.41 ±9.24)μg/ml] were significantly increased in the 12-week post-op-eration (all P <0.01).PRA [10 weeks post-operation:(2.13 ±0.08)ng/(ml? h) vs (2.02 ±0.05)ng/(ml? h);12 weeks post-operation:(2.38 ±0.09)ng/(ml? h) vs (2.11 ±0.07)ng/(ml? h)] and NE [10 weeks post-operation: (191.75 ±8.40) pg/ml vs (174.33 ±7.08) pg/ml;12 weeks post-operation:(215.69 ±6.26)pg/ml vs (186.36 ±7.98)pg/ml] were higher in high BNP group than those in low BNP group both in 10 and 12 weeks post-operation ( P =0.013, P =0.013, P =0.002, respectively).Con-clusions PRA was increased in dogs with CHF and associated with the severity of CHF.

The surveillance of schistosomiasis in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2008 showed that the achievements of schistosomiasis control in local were consolidated.

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Objective To determine the content of six heavy metal elements of arsenicum(As),mercury(Hg),cuprum(Cu),plumbum(Pb),cadmium(Cd) and chromium(Cr) in Rhizoma Curcumae Longae.Methods Samples were digested with microwave digestion system,and the contents of Cu,Pb,Cd and Cr were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry(GFAAS);the contents of As and Hg were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),and the reproducibility and recovery of the method were also examined.Results As and Hg contents in most of the products were below the limit.Only Cu,Pb and Cd contents exceed the limit.The recovery was 86.3 %～113.4 %and RSD was 10.4 %.Conclusions The method is simple and accurate,and can be used for the determination of heavy metal in Chinese herbs.

Objective To study the main subtypes messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) and the basal enzyme activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) through the examination mRNA expression and activity of PDE in vitro. The data were offered to reveal the relationship between PDE distributions, activity change and to accumulate data for the possibility of drug regulation of its functional alteration. Methods The cells were cultured with tissue-sticking method;the gene expression of PDEs was detected by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the activity of PDEs was calculated by cyclic nucleotides content change examined with high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) before and after the PDE reaction( n ＝3). Results The PMVECs identified by cell immunofluorescence with polyclonal antibody of CD31 were dissociated and cultured, mRNAs of PDE1A, 1C, 2A,3A, 3B, 4A, 4D, 5A, 7A, 7B, 8A, 8B, 9A, 10A,11A were expressed in PMVECs, but there was no mRNA of PDE1B expressed in PMVECs. cAMP/cGMP-PDE in the extent of 5-20μl had a good linear correlation with its activity. Conclusion There are 17 kinds of PDE gene expression existing in PMVECs which contain of the basic enzyme with a higher activity.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese children and adoles cents,in order to provide the basis for developing obesity precautionary and control measures.Methods The data was extracted from the work in revision of National Student Physical Fitness Standard,including 120 275 children and adolescents of 7-18 years old.The Chinese body mass index criteria was used for screening overweight and obesity.Results the overall prevalence of obese was 7.1 ％ (boys:9.1％,girls:5.2％),of which 12.2％ (boys:14.6％,girls:9.8％) were overweight.The prevalence of obesity was decreased gradually with increasing age,but the boys' prevalence at the age of 9 and the girls' prevalence at the age of 16-17 was rebounded slightly.The obesity of children and adolescents from rural areas was in a significant growth stage,the prevalence of obesity was 4.6％ and overweight was 9.6％.There were differences between Han students and minority students,the Han'prevalence of obesity and overweight were 2.3％ and 3.2％higher than minority.The highest prevalence of overweight and obesity in Provincial Center City.The prevalence characteristic of obesity was uneven among different geographic areas,and was the maximum in North China and the minimum in Southern China.Conclusions The prevalence of obesity and overweight is higher among the males,primary students,rural areas,Han students,Provincial Center Cities,North and northeast areas.A targeted strategies and measures for obesity-prevention should be conducted.

Objective To observe the cardiac structure and function of obese children,so as to evaluate the risk of early pathological changes and severe consequences.Methods One thousand and thirty-four children (aged between 8 and 9,of 520 females) from 5 primary schools in Beijing were recruited and randomly divided into 2 normal groups (206 males and 336 females),2 overweight groups (94 males and 80 females) and 2 obesity groups (214 males and 104 females) according to the sex and body fat percentage (BF％.The cardiac structure and function were measured using echocardiography.Results (1) Compared with the normal groups,significant increase was observed in the left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDd),left ventricular posterior wall dimensions (LVPWd),left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV),left ventricular mass (LVM),left ventricular mass index (LVMI),stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) in the obesity groups (P＜0.01).However,no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) (P＞0.05).(2) BF％ was positively correlated with the aortic root dimension,IVSd,LVIDd,LVPWd,EDV,LVM,LVMI,CO and SV (P＜0.01).(3) The prevalence of concentric hypertrophy was 6.1％ among the overweight and obese children aged between 8 and 9.Compared with the normal children,significant increase was found in their BF,BF％,body mass index,LVM,LVMI and RWT,but significant decrease in SV (P＜0.05).Conclusions Screening with BF％,the overweight and obese children between 8 and 9 years old have showed obvious changes in their cardiac structure and function,including higher left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole,thicker left ventricular wall as well as bigger left ventricular end-diastolic volume,left ventricular mass,left ventricular mass index,stroke volume and cardiac output.Meanwhile,the prevalence of concentric hypertrophy increased with the increase of body fat percentage.