Chiari Ⅰ malformation is a congenital anomaly of posterior brain.There has been many theories for its pathogenesis.Recent years,researchers have sunmarized new theories about the pathogenesis of syringomyelia associated Chiari Ⅰ malformation.However,the exact pathogenesis of Chiari Ⅰ malformation has not been clarified.There are a lot of surgical treatments of Chiari Ⅰ malformation.Importantly,there remains no consensus about the best and generally applicable treatment.

This study was to compare 104 cases of malignant midline lymphoma with 69 cases of malignant granuloma in their clinical course, initial symptoms, location of lesion, extension of disease, treatment and prognosis. The two groups were similar in sex and median age. As regard to the initial symptoms such as nasal obstruction, epistaxis and nasal discharge, they were present in more than half of the patients in both groups. The primary location of lesions was in the nose (60% in both groups). As the Ann Arbor staging system is unsuitable for this disease, we compared the treatment results by area of involvement. Treatment: 74% of malignant midline lymphoma was treated by radiation and chemotherapy. 27% of malignant granuloma was treated by chemotherapy. The radiation of the two groups were 45～55Gy and 50～60Gy, respectively. The 5-year survival rates were over 90% in both groups, for those of lesion with one area involvement, 87.8% and 68% for lesions with two area involvement. 52.3% and 51.5% for three area involvement, 26.6% and 29% for four area involvement patients. Besides local uncontrol, the failure was extra-nodal invasion, such as subcutaneous nodules, pleura-peritoneal or bone marrow extensions. The authors believe that these two groups of lesions actually belong to one disease entity.

BACKGROUND:Ion channel analytical technique has verified that huwentoxin is an N-type Ca2+channel blocker affecting on presynaptic membrane. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of N-type Ca2+channel blocker huwentoxin on expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 in the hippocampi of rat models of global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS:Rat models of global cerebral ischemia and subarachnoid catheter were established using Pulsinel i 4-vessel occlusion and then received infusion of huwentoxin or normal saline via a PE10 tube. Morphological changes in the mitochondria and ultrastructure of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats with global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury were observed using electron microscope. The expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 were measured using RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Huwentoxin could maintain the basic morphology of mitochondria of rats with global cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and decrease the expressions of tumor necrosis factorα, tumor necrosis factor receptor I, tumor necrosis factor receptor-related death domain, Fas-related death domain protein and Caspase 8 mRNA. Results suggested that huwentoxin as a novel N-type Ca2+channel blocker could block extracellular Ca2+influx, reduce intracellular Ca2+concentration, diminish a series of pathological lesion induced by intracellular Ca2+overload, protect nerve cells, and lessen the injury to nerve cells of hippocampus after ischemia and hypoxia.

FabB(?-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase Ⅰ)and FabF(?-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase Ⅱ)are two key enzymes of fatty acid biosynthesis in E.coli.The Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium Enterococcus faecalis has a fatty acid composition very similar to that of E.coli.Bioinformatic analysis reveals that though E.faecalis has two fabF homologues,there is no recognizable fabB homologue in the genome of E.faecalis.Two fabF homologues(fabF1 and fabF2)were amplified by using E.faecalis V583 genomitic DNA as template,and two plasmids,pHW13(fabF1)and pHW14(fabF2),were constructed.The results of experiments in vivo and in vitro have shown that fabF1 gene could complement E.coli fabB mutation and FabF1 possessed ?-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase Ⅰ(FabB)activity,while fabF2 gene could complement E.coli fabF mutation and FabF2 had ?-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase Ⅱ(FabF)activity.Meanwhile the data also shown that FabF2 possessed partial function of ?-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase Ⅰ(FabB),and it could make E.coli fabB mutation synthesized low amount of unsaturated fatty acid.From these data it is clear that FabF species enzymes could have activity of ?-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase Ⅰ(FabB).

ObjectiveTo optimize Chonglian oral solution extracting craft. MethodsWith the obtaining rate of extract and the total content of the Pariphyllin Ⅰ and Phillyrin presented in the extract as the indexes for the water extraction process,and with the total content of the Pariphyllin Ⅰ and Phillyrin presented in the extract as the indexes for the alcohol deposition process,orthogonal design was used to optimize the conditions for the extraction process respectively. ResultsThe optimal conditions for the water extraction of Chonglian oral solution was as following:to add water 10 times,decocting 3 times,1 hour each time.The optimal conditions for the alcohol deposition of Chonglian oral solution was as following:concentrated for the relative density to 1.10(80C hot test),cold,add ethanol to the solution for the ethanol content of the solution reached 80%,static settlement for 24 hours. ConclusionThe extracting method is reasonable,stable,and suitable to industrialized producting.

Objective To explore the risk factors of hip fracture in elderly patients from Yongkang.Methods From August 2014 to August 2016,468 elderly patients with hip fracture admitted to Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Hospital of Yongkang were prospectively collected as study group,and 150 elderly people admitted to Orthopedics Hospital of Yongkang and Community Health Service Center for health examination were randomly selected as control group.The complications,daily living habits,bone density and menstruation of the female were observed between the two groups.Results Compared with the control group,the incidence rate of diabetes in the study group increased significantly(28.63% vs.12.67%,χ2 =15.544,P =0.000),the rate of height decreased more than 3cm increased significantly (16.88% vs.8.00%,χ2 =7.134,P =0.008),the proportion of long -term use of hormone significantly increased (18.59% vs.10.00%,χ2 =6.082,P =0.014),the rate of physical exercise decreased signif-icantly (14.32% vs.22.67%,χ2 =5.793,P =0.016),the rate of bed ridden increased significantly (5.34% vs 1.33%,χ2 =4.369,P =0.037),the bone density of femoral neck decreased significantly[(0.99 ±0.12)g/cm2 vs. (1.10 ±0.12)g/cm2 ,t =10.139,P =0.000].When it came to the females,the rate of menopause before the age of 45 years in the study group was higher than that in the control group (33.23% vs.22.22%,χ2 =4.299,P =0.038).Conclusion Diabetes,height decrease >3 cm,long -term use of hormones,lack of physical exercise,bed ridden and bone density decrease are risk factors of hip fracture in elderly people from Yongkang,and menopause before the age of 45 is a risk factor for hip fracture in elderly women.

Objective To improve the quality standard of Reduqing Oral Liquid. Methods TLC was used to identify the featured spots of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Belamcandae Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix;HPLC method was usded to detect the contents of Baicalin in Reduqing Oral Liquid. Results TLC could identify the featured spots of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Belamcandae Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix; Baicalin was detected in range of 53.60–536.00 μg/mL with good linear relationship (r=0.999 99), the average recovery rate was 99.85%, and RSD was 0.63%(n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reliable, which can be applied to the quality control of Reduqing Oral Liquid.

Objective To study the mechanism of arachnoidal fibrosis after subarachnoid hemor- rhage. Methods Rats were divided into control group, experiment group and treatment group. Radioim- munoassay (RIA) was employed to detect the levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin,type Ⅲ precollagen and type Ⅳ collagen in the arachnoid membrane. In the meantime, arachnoid cell's morphology and collagen distribution in the subarachnoid space were investigated by electron microscope. Results Results of RIA detection showed increase of Type Ⅲ precollagen level (peak at the second week), obvious higher levels of LN and HA but insignificant change of type IV collagen after subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, dexam- ethasone treatment decreased type Ⅲ precollagen level. Electron microscope found that arachnoid cells pres- ented accentruated bioactivity after subarachnoid hemorrhage, with significant increase of arachnoidal colla- gen fibers from one week after suharachnoid hemorrhage, continuing for 3 weeks. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in low density of mitochondria and sparsed arachnoidal collagen fibers. Conclusions Extracellu- lar matrix (ECM) increases in arachnoid membrane after subarachnoid hemorrhage and participates in a- rachnoid fibrosis. Dexamethasoue can relieve arachnoidal fibrosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage, as pro- rides fresh way for prevention and treatment of post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus.

RNA interference(RNAi), a highly conserved process of post-transcriptional gene silencing, can be induced by small interfering double-stranded RNA that mediate sequence-specific mRNA degradation. In the past several years, RNAi has been widely used as both an experimental tool to study mammalian gene function and a potential therapeutic approach to treat human diseases. In addition, some new proteins which involve in RNAi pathway have been characterized in mammalian cells. Here, we summarize the various molecules in RNAi, mechanism of action, and the current therapeutic applications in cancers.

AIM: To observe whether transfection of mammalian expression vector pEGFP containing the gene of B-cell specific moloney leukemia virus insertion site 1(BMI-1) could express in human cervix cancer cell line HeLa, and to detect its effect on HOX family expression and cell cycle.METHODS: pEGFP-BMI-1 was transfected into HeLa cells with Lipofectamine 2000. The expression of pEGFP-BMI-1 was determined by EGFP fluorescence and Western blotting. SYBR green I real-time RT-PCR was used to quantitate mRNA expression of P16~(INK4a), hTERT, HOXA9, HOXB4 and HOXC13. FACS analysis was used to detect the change of cell cycle.RESULTS: In HeLa cells transfected with pEGFP-BMI-1, the results of real-time RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of P16~(INK4a), HOXA9 and HOXC13 were reduced to 9.2%, 10.9% and 69.7%, respectively, as compared to control HeLa cells (P<0.01). However, hTERT and HOXB4 mRNA expressions did not change significantly (P>0.05). FACS analysis showed a decrease from 65.68 % to 50.53% in G_1 population and a significant increase from 27.17% to 39.59 % in S population after transfection (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: BMI-1 over-expression in HeLa cells down-regulates mRNA expressions of P16~(INK4a), HOXA9 and HOXC13, decreases G_1 population and increases S population. Therefore, BMI-1 may be involved in carcinogenesis and cancer development.