BACKGROUND: Periprosthetic infection after total hip replacement usually results in surgery failure and needs a second operation.OBJECTIVE: To explore the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of periprosthetic infection after total hip replacement by-reviewing and summarizing articles published in recent years.METHODS: A computed-based online search of Pubmed database was performed by using the key words of total hip arthroplasty, infection for manuscripts published from January 1990 to December 2010 and of those in SpringerLink database between January 1,1970 and December 31, 2010. A total of 2 109 manuscripts were retrieved. Moreover, related book or manuscripts that published by high-impact journals were included. Totally, 29 manuscripts were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The formation of biofilms on the surface of prosthesis is the main cause for hardly eradicated. Resistant bacteria and polymicrobial infection seems to be an increasing tendency. A correct diagnosis as soon as possible is very important to prognosis. However, without a gold-standard way, each mean has advantages and shortages, and comprehensive considerations are necessary. lnterleukin-6 seems a good choice for its inexpensive, non-invasive and a high sensitivity and specificity, which has aroused increasing attention. The antibiotics only, debridement with retention, one-stage replacement, two-stage replacement, joint arthrodesis, even amputation, are used to treat infection after total hip replacement. Prophylactic antibiotics are important to prevent infection. Antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement seems to be reliable and accept for more and more patients. However, each option must be selected according to the presence of infection individually.

Objective To set up a real-time quantitative assay method of insertion sequence 6110 DNA of mycobacterium tuberculosis, and explore its value for diagnosing tuberculosis. Methods Real-time quantitative assay of insertion sequence 6110 DNA of mycobacterium tuberculosis was performed with Taqman technique and Lightcycler quantitative PCR system. Results 213 clinical samples of different types were detected, 32 cases were positive, and the positive rate was 15 02%. The scope of quantitative results of positive samples was 3 1～7 2?10 6 copies/ml, and the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of tuberculosis were 82 76% and 95 65% respectively Conclusion Real-time quantitative assay of insertion sequence 6110 DNA of mycobacterium tuberculosis is a rapid and effective method for diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Objective:To set up a real-time fluorescent RT-PCR and to quantitate the expression levels of hTERT mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with AML and to observe the correlation between the expression of hTERT mRNA and occurrence and relapse of AML and to probe into the correlation between the expression of hTERT mRNA and telomerase activity.Methods:Real time fluorescent RT-PCR and Lightcycler PCR system were used to quantitate expression levels of hTERT mRNA.PCR-ELISA was used to quantitate telomerase activity.Results:①N_(hTERT) from AML at initial presention,AML at relapse,AML at complete remission and health examinee was 299.2?292.8,550.1?441.3,14.0?9.2 and 12.3?6.7 respectively and the expression levels of hTERT mRNA from AML at initial presention and AML at relapse elevated signficantly comparing to that from AML at complete remission and health examinee,moreover the expression levels from AML at relapse was higher than that from AML at initial presention significantly.②The telomerase activity from AML at initial presention,AML at relapse,AML at complete remission and health examinee was 32.8%?24.3%,48.6%?31.4%,7.4%?5.1% and 7.6%?3.6% respectively and the telomerase activity from AML at initial presention and AML at relapse elevated signficantly comparing to that from AML at complete remission and health examinee,moreover telomerase activity from AML at relapse was higher than that from AML at initial presention significantly.③There was a strong correlation between telomerase activity and the expression of hTERT mRNA and the correlation coeffecients was 0.78.Conclusion:The up-regulation of the expression levels of hTERT mRNA and telomerase activity are one of important factors during occurrence and relapse of AML,moreover there is a strong correlation between telomerase activity and the expression of hTERT mRNA.

To investigate the effect of autoimmune regulator (AIRE) on phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells, a recombinant expression vector containing full-length human AIRE cDNA was transfected into 16HBE cells. After incubation with transfected 16HBE cells, engulfment of apoptotic HL-60 cells induced by camptothecin was detected by myeloperoxidase (MPO) staining. The change in the expression of Rac 1 in transfected 16HBE cells was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the phagocytosis percentage of the experimental group, the mock transfection group and the negative control group (non-apoptotic cells) was (25.50+/-3.67)%, (6.25+/-1.58)% and (1.0+/-0.67)%, respectively. Moreover, the expressions of Rac 1 mRNA and protein were up-regulated in AIRE-transfected 16HBE cells, suggesting that AIRE may function as a regulator in the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells by promoting the expression of Rac 1.

Objective The purification methods of the exosomes derived form T cells were established in order to get high quan-tity exosomes .Methods Exosomes from T cells culture supernatants were purified by ExoQuick Precipitation ,ultrafiltration and sucrose gradient centrifugation ,differential ultracentrifugation ,and confirmed via using transmission electron microscopy .The pro-tein expression of the exosomes were analyzed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis .Western blotting was used to test the expression of IL-2 .Results The protein concentration of the exosomes purified through ExoQuick Precipitation ,ultrafiltration and sucrose gradi-ent centrifugation were higher than through differential ultracentrifugation (P<0 .05) .SDS-PAGE displayed the difference among the exosome purified by three methods .Three kinds of exosomes all expressed IL-2 .Conclusion ExoQuick Precipitation ,ultrafiltra-tion and sucrose gradient centrifugation technique can obtain high purity and complete exosome sample .

Objective To improve the quality standard of Reduqing Oral Liquid. Methods TLC was used to identify the featured spots of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Belamcandae Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix;HPLC method was usded to detect the contents of Baicalin in Reduqing Oral Liquid. Results TLC could identify the featured spots of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Belamcandae Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix; Baicalin was detected in range of 53.60–536.00 μg/mL with good linear relationship (r=0.999 99), the average recovery rate was 99.85%, and RSD was 0.63%(n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reliable, which can be applied to the quality control of Reduqing Oral Liquid.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of gefitinib and erlotinib treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)mutation in either exon 19 or 21 . Methods A total of 242 patients diagnosed as NSCLC with EGFR mutation in either exon 19 or 21 from May 201 3 to December 2014 in our hospital were chosen in this study.According to age,sex,smoking history,eastern cooperative oncology group performance status and types of EGFR mutation,all the patients were matched to 121 pairs,and randomly divided into group A and B.Patients in group A received gefitinib treatment,and those in group B received erlotinib treatment.Based on the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST),overall response rate (ORR),disease control rate (DCR),progression-free survival (PFS)were assessed.To assess the independent risk factors for PFS by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.The subgroup analysis was performed for the 63 NSCLC patients using these two drugs as the first-line treatment.To evaluate the adverse drug reactions and quality of life between A and B groups.Results The median PFS of group A and B were 11 .6 months and 9.5 months,respectively,with no significant difference (HR =0.39,P >0.05).The ORR and DCR in the two groups were 76.9%,74.4% (χ2 =1 .03,P =0.58)and 90.1 %,86.8% (χ2 =1 .46,P =0.31 ). The independent risk factors of poor PFS were ECOG PS≥2 (HR =2.60,95%CI:1 .54 -4.43,P =0.001 )and non-adenocarcinoma (HR =3.61 ,95%CI:1 .54-8.66,P =0.003).For patients receiving these two drugs as the first-line treatment,there was no significant difference between two groups in overall response rates (76.6% vs. 90.2%,χ2 =0.83,P =0.12)and median PFS (11 .6 months vs.14.4 months,HR =0.59,P >0.05).The adverse drug reactions were significant differences in emotion function (F =10.27,P =0.03),diarrhea (F =10.24,P =0.03)and pain (F =9.02,P =0.04).After receiving drug treatment,the quality of life scores were improved,and most of the differences were statistically significant between A and B groups(P <0.05). Conclusion As for NSCLC with EGFR mutation in either exon 1 9 or 21 ,both gefitinib and erlotinib are well tolerated and have similar clinical effectiveness.

Objective To observe the mRNA expressions of endothelin-1(ET-1) and endothelin A/B receptors (ETA/B) in tissue of benign prostatic hyperplasia treated by daily low-dose sildenafil.Methods A total of 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomly divided into two groups:treatment(25 mg sildenafi for 12 weeks,n=16) and control (no drug,n=16) groups.Immunohistochemical staining,ELISA and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of ET-1 protein and ET A/B mRNA,respectively.Results The expressions of ET-1 protein and ET A/B mRNA in prostatic tissue were significantly lower in treatment group than in control group[(53.31±18.56) ng/kg vs.(83.34±31.38) ng/kg,0.356±0.056 vs.0.624±0.083,0.721±0.083 vs.0.933±0.905,t=-3.295,10.715,6.937,all P＜0.001].Conclusions Daily low-dose sildenafil can reduce the expressions of ET-1 and ET A/B receptors mRNA in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

ObjectiveTo optimize Chonglian oral solution extracting craft. MethodsWith the obtaining rate of extract and the total content of the Pariphyllin Ⅰ and Phillyrin presented in the extract as the indexes for the water extraction process,and with the total content of the Pariphyllin Ⅰ and Phillyrin presented in the extract as the indexes for the alcohol deposition process,orthogonal design was used to optimize the conditions for the extraction process respectively. ResultsThe optimal conditions for the water extraction of Chonglian oral solution was as following:to add water 10 times,decocting 3 times,1 hour each time.The optimal conditions for the alcohol deposition of Chonglian oral solution was as following:concentrated for the relative density to 1.10(80C hot test),cold,add ethanol to the solution for the ethanol content of the solution reached 80%,static settlement for 24 hours. ConclusionThe extracting method is reasonable,stable,and suitable to industrialized producting.

AIM: To observe whether transfection of mammalian expression vector pEGFP containing the gene of B-cell specific moloney leukemia virus insertion site 1(BMI-1) could express in human cervix cancer cell line HeLa, and to detect its effect on HOX family expression and cell cycle.METHODS: pEGFP-BMI-1 was transfected into HeLa cells with Lipofectamine 2000. The expression of pEGFP-BMI-1 was determined by EGFP fluorescence and Western blotting. SYBR green I real-time RT-PCR was used to quantitate mRNA expression of P16~(INK4a), hTERT, HOXA9, HOXB4 and HOXC13. FACS analysis was used to detect the change of cell cycle.RESULTS: In HeLa cells transfected with pEGFP-BMI-1, the results of real-time RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of P16~(INK4a), HOXA9 and HOXC13 were reduced to 9.2%, 10.9% and 69.7%, respectively, as compared to control HeLa cells (P<0.01). However, hTERT and HOXB4 mRNA expressions did not change significantly (P>0.05). FACS analysis showed a decrease from 65.68 % to 50.53% in G_1 population and a significant increase from 27.17% to 39.59 % in S population after transfection (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: BMI-1 over-expression in HeLa cells down-regulates mRNA expressions of P16~(INK4a), HOXA9 and HOXC13, decreases G_1 population and increases S population. Therefore, BMI-1 may be involved in carcinogenesis and cancer development.