Objective To explore the expression and significance of N-cadherin in urothelial bladder cancer and analyse its relation to clinicpathologic and prognosis of bladder cancer.Methods The expression of N-cadherin in 145 urothelial bladder cancer and 25 normal bladder tissues was detected by immunuhistochemisty,and correlations between N-cadherin and clinicopathologic features were analysed.Results The positive rate of N-cadherin protein was significantly higher in bladder cancer than in normal bladder tissue (P＜0.01).The positive rate of N-cadherin protein was 38.6％ in G1 bladder cancer,58.4％ in G2-G3 bladder cancer,and its difference was significant (P =0.028).The expression was significantly lower in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer than in muscle invasive bladder cancer (45.7％ vs 64.7％,P=0.029).The muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients were followed up 4-103 months.Among those,the overall survival with positive expression of N-cadherin protein was 24.2％ (8/33),and the overall survival with negative expression of N-cadherin protein was 66.7 ％ (12/18).Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the positive expression of N-cadherin was significantly associated with overall survival of patients with muscle-invasive-bladder cancer (P=0.002 2).Multivariate Cox analysis showed that N-cadherin expression was an important prognostic factor.Conclusions The expression of N-cadherin protein was high in bladder cancer.The detection of the expression of N-cadherin protein is associated with the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.

Objective To study the effect and possible mechanism of diazoxide on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats, and the influence of insulin intervention which aims to maintain blood sugar levels within the normal range on the protective function of cardiomyocytes. Methods 126 health male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were intraperitoneally injected with one dose of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) to reproduce diabetic model. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into seven groups, with 18 rats in each group. Myocardial I/R model was established by 30 minutes ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery, and 120 minutes blood circulation recover. Sham group was only threaded without ligation. Rats in I/R group, diazoxide group (DZ group), and Ottawa vine penicillin (WNT) group were infused intravenously with 2 mL of 0.1% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), DZ (7 mg/kg), and WNT (15 μg/kg), respectively, after 25 minutes of ischemia. Sham group was only injected with 2 mL of 0.1% DMSO. DZ+WNT group was infused with WNT 5 minutes before the injection of DZ. Insulin intervention (RI) group received a continuous insulin infusion to maintain the blood sugar at the level of 4-6 mmol/L. RI+DZ group was infused with DZ after ischemia for 25 minutes based on blood sugar control. Hemodynamic parameters in each group were monitored continuously. The pathological changes of myocardium were observed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The expressions of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) were determined by Western Blot. Results Compared with sham group, the cardiac functions of the intervention groups were significantly decreased, and severe myocardial injury was observed. Compared with I/R group, the cardiac functions of intervention groups were not obviously improved. However, after insulin intervention by which blood sugar was maintained within normal range, the cardiac function and myocardial injury were further aggravated. Compared with sham group (the expression value of sham group was set as 1), the expressions of p-Akt in other groups including I/R group, DZ group, RI group, and RI+DZ group showed no statistically significant difference (gray value: 1.07±0.09, 1.03±0.07, 1.07±0.07, 1.02±0.08 vs. 1.00, all P > 0.05). However, the expressions of p-Akt were decreased in WNT group and DZ+WNT group as compared with those of sham group and I/R group (gray value: 0.54±0.06, 0.51±0.05 vs. 1.00 and 1.07±0.09, all P < 0.05). The expressions of p-GSK-3βshowed no statistically significant difference in I/R group, DZ group, WNT group, and DZ+WNT group as compared with sham group (gray value: 0.97±0.08, 1.00±0.11, 0.98±0.06, 0.97±0.09 vs. 1.00, all P > 0.05). However, the expression of pGSK-3β was increased in RI group, RI+DZ group as compared with sham group and I/R group (gray value: 1.68±0.08, 1.70±0.05 vs. 1.00 and 0.97±0.08, all P < 0.05), and it was significantly higher in RI+DZ group than that of DZ group (gray value: 1.70±0.05 vs. 1.00±0.11, P < 0.05). Conclusions Diazoxide after myocardial injury could not protect the myocardium from I/R injury in diabetic rats, and did not trigger the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Insulin intervention by which blood sugar was maintaine d within the normal range exacerbates myocardial I/R injury in diabetic rats.

The cross-disciplinary form-function joint teaching of nervous system centered on organ was carried out in the Second Military Medical University for medical students of the eight-year system according to its actual situation.The nervous system was selected as the teaching content and problem-based learning was used,with the fusion of three aspects of knowledge of histology and embryology,physiology and human anatomy and the integration of teachers from different disciplinarians.The effect was good.

Objective To investigate the expression of Oct4 protein and analyze its correlation with the clinic pathological features and prognosis of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Methods The oct4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis in 87 specimens of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and 15 specimens of adjacent normal tissues.A correlation between Oct4 and clinic pathological features was analyzed.Results The positive rate of Oct4 protein was significantly higher in bladder cancer than that in normal bladder tissue (P＜0.01).The positive rate of Oct4 protein was 40.7％ in G1 bladder cancer,69.4％ in G2 bladder cancer and 91.7％ in G3 bladder cancer,and the differences was significant (P＜0.01).All patients were followed up for 3-78 months,and 63 of them relapsed.The expression of Oct4 protein was significantly higher in patients of recurrence than in non-recurrence (77.8％ ∶ 37.5％,P ＜ 0.01 ).21 patients of recurrence were in progression,and the expression of Oct4 protein had no significant differences between patients of progression and non-progression (71.4％ ∶65.2％,P ＞0.05).The positive rate of Oct4 protein was not related with gender,age,tumor number and size (P ＞0.05).Conclusion The detection of Oct4 protein is in favor of early detection of bladder tunor,estimation the degree of differentiation and surveillance for recurrence of superficial bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVETo develop a solvent desorption gas chromatographic method for determination of n-pentanol in the workplace air.

METHODSn-Pentanol in the workplace air was collected with activated carbon tubes, desorbed with 2% 2-propanol in carbon disulfide, separated with a nitroterephthalic acid-modified FFAP capillary column, and detected with flame ionization detector.

RESULTSThe limit of detection was 0.2 mg/L; the lower limit of quantification was 0.6 mg/L; the linear range was 0.6-4072.0 mg/L. The minimum detectable mass concentration was 0.2 mg/m3 for 1.5 L of air sample. This method was highly repeatable. The relative standard deviations were 2.3%-5.4%. The average desorption efficiencies were 86.9%-94.2%. The absorption efficiencies were 100%. The breakthrough volume was above 8.0 mg in 100-mg activated carbon. The samples in activated carbon tubes could be stored for at least 14 days at room temperature.

CONCLUSIONThe method is feasible for determination of n-pentanol in the workplace air.

2-Propanol ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Carbon Disulfide ; Charcoal ; Chromatography, Gas ; Limit of Detection ; Pentanols ; analysis ; Solvents ; Workplace

In this paper we will discuss the architecture and functions of the VR vehicle for rehabilitation. There is no such report about this kind of VR vehicle for rehabilitation in open literature. Patients can select exercise modes for rehabilitation according to their individual health conditions. Patients can get rehabilitation faster and less painfully with the aid of this VR vehicle with which psychological treatment can be better introduced during the rehabilitation.

Objective To explore the surgical approach of reducing the incontinence after radical retropubic prostatectomy with recent anatomic findings. Methods Sixteen patients with stage B prostate carcinoma received continence preserving anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy. Results All the patients were followed up 3 months to 5 years,mean 13 months.Thirteen patients had normal voiding,two with mild stress incontinence.Only one was complicated with serious incontinence. Conclusions Identifing and preserving the external striated urethral sphincter and its innervation in performing anatomic retropubic prostatectomy will achieve postoperative urinary continence.

Objective: To study the cause of rapid thrombocytopenia and organ hemorrhage in congenital heart disease (CHD) patients after interventional occlusion. Methods: A total of 665 CHD patients received interventional occlusion in our hospital from 2011-01 to 2015-12 were enrolled. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the defects: Atrial septal defect (ASD) group,n=100, Ventricular septal defect (VSD) group,n=100 and Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) group,n=465. Pre- and post-interventional occlusion platelet levels, the relationship between PDA occluder diameter and platelet counts were compared. Pressure difference between both sides of occluder was randomly measured in a part of patients including 50 in ASD group, 50 in VSD group and 102 in PDA group. Based on occluder diameter, the 102 PDA patients were further divided into 2 subgroups: Giant PDA,n=42 and Medium-small PDA,n=60; pressure differences between both sides of occluder were compared between 2 subgroups. Results: No severe thrombocytopenia and organ hemorrhage occurred in ASD group or VSD group. PDA group had 36/465 (7.74%) patients with severe thrombocytopenia, 18 (3.87%) with organ hemorrhage and all of them occurred in giant PDA subgroup; the diameter of PDA occluder was negatively related to post-operative to platelet counts (r=-0.659,P=0.001). For pressure difference on both sides of occluder, compared with prior operation, PDA group showed increased systolic and diastolic pressure differences and increased mean pressure difference at immediately post operation, allP< 0.05; systolic pressure difference in VSD group was (56.57±15.33) mmHg, in Medium-small PDA subgroup was (58.33±26.65) mmHg and in Giant PDA subgroup was (94.66±27.62) mmHg which was much higher than those in VSD group and Medium-small PDA subgroup, allP<0.01. Conclusion: Rapid thrombocytopenia and organ hemorrhage in CHD after interventional occlusion only happened in giant PDA patients. High pressure difference formed high-speed ifltration blood lfow which may cause scouring damage on platelets and it was the main reason for thrombocytopenia occurrence.

Objective To investigate the clinical,pathological and histopatholo(g)ical features of primary bladder clear cell carcinoma and discuss the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Methods The clinical and pathological features of one primary bladder clear cell carcinoma case retrospectively were analyzed,with the combination of reviewing reported literatures. Results The patient came to hospital with the chief complaint of urinary tract symptom and gradually developed gross hematuria.The tumor was located in the left wall of the bladder and was confirmed to be clear cell carcinoma by preoperative biopsy.Partial cysteetomy,ureteroneocystostomy and hysterectomy plus bilateral adnexectomy were performed.The patient received chemotherapy postoperatively and was tumor free 6 months post operatively. Conclusions Primary clear cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare type of bladder adenocarcinoma.The diagnosis depends on the clinical and pathological study.Surgical operation is effective and the outcome of the disease is better than other non-urothelium carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in the bladder tissue and urine of female interstitial cystitis(IC)patients. Methods Thirty-five IC patients according tO the NIDDK IC diagnosis standard,20 urinary infection (UI) patients and 25 asymptomatic controls were collected.All IC patients were accepted 24 hour voiding diaries,O'LearySant IC Questionnaires,potassium sensitivity test (PST) and cystoscopy under anesthetic.RT-PCR and ELISA analyses were used to determine the levels of MCP-1 in the bladder tissue and urine specimens from women with IC、UI and controls.Immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe the distribution of MCP-1 in bladder tissue of IC. Results Urine MCP-1 was (74.1±36.9)pg/ml in IC patients,(280.65±68.9)pg/ml in UI patients and(10.8±6.9)pg/ml in asymptomatic controls(P＜0.01).Tissue MCP-1 was 76.2±24.0 in IC patients,99.5±30.1 in UI patients and 36.1±14.1 in asymptomatic controls(P＜0.01)by RT-PCR analyses.The MCP-1 degree increased in IC patients was between UI patients and asyrnptomatie controls.The severity of IC clinical symptom Was correlated with MCP1 levels. Conclusions The changes in the levels of MCP-1 are associated with IC.After excluding urinary infection,it would be useful for early diagnosis of IC by increased level of MCP-1.