A new type of surface plasmon resonance ( SPR) spectroscopy system was designed and built. Here, a kind of dual photocell sensor was developed as a detection device to achieve a rapid measurement of SPR angle within a certain range. This SPR system was combined and integrated with electrochemical workstation to obtain a new type of electrochemistry-time-resolved SPR ( EC-TR-SPR ) instrument via instrumental technique. This EC-TR-SPR instrument was used to characterize the electrochemical polymerization process of aniline to validate the spectroscopic characteristics. Applications of transient electrochemical characterization methods, including chronoamperometry and differential pulse voltammetry, confirmed the time resolution and the applicability of this instrument system toward the steady state and transient electrochemical methods upon small molecular reactions. The experiment results showed that this EC-TR-SPR possessed the time resolution up to 10000 times per second (0. 1 ms), and could be used to real-time investigate the doping and de-doping of polymerization process of aniline monomer as well as the prepared polyaniline film, which could not be discriminated on a conventional electrochemical current-time curve. .

Objective To investigate the role of histone H4 in the polarization of alveolar macrophages (AM) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in mice. Methods i) The specific pathogen free male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and 2, 4, 6 and 8 mg/kg LPS groups, with six mice in each group. The mice in the LPS groups were intratracheally administered LPS according to their respective doses, while the mice in the control group received an equivalent volume of 0.9% saline. After 12 hours, the arterial blood gas was analyzed, and the pulmonary edema and histopathological changes in lung tissues of mice in each group were observed. The level of histone H4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , and mice AMs of the five group were isolated using adherent method. ii) AMs from normal mice were isolated using adherent method and randomly divided into control group, histone H4 injury group, BALF injury group and anti-histone H4 antibody (anti-H4) intervention group. In the histone H4 injury group, AMs were treated with histone H4 at a final concentration of 20 mg/L. In the BALF injury group and anti-H4 intervention group, AMs were treated with 200 μL BALF supernatant from mice intratracheally administered 6 mg/kg body weight LPS, with the latter group treated with 25 mg/L anti-H4 antibody. The control group AMs were treated with phosphate-buffered saline. iii) After 12 hours of stimulation, the cells were collected, and the relative expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfa), interleukin-1β (Il1b), differentiation antigen 206 (Cd206) and arginase 1 (Arg1) in AMs was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results i) Compared with the control group, mice in all four LPS groups exhibited rapid breathing, inflammatory reaction and lung edema in lung tissues, which were aggravated in a dose-dependent manner. The ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen in mice decreased with the increase of LPS dose (P<0.05). The wet/dry weight ratio of lung, the level of histone H4 in BALF and the relative expression of Tnfa and Il1b mRNA in AMs increased with the increase of LPS dose (all P<0.05). The mice in the 6 and 8 mg/kg LPS groups developed ARDS. The level of histone H4 in BALF and the relative expression of Tnfa and Il1b mRNA in AMs of mice in 6 and 8 mg/kg LPS groups were higher than those in the other three groups (all P<0.05). ii) The relative expression of Tnfa and Il1b mRNA increased (both P<0.05), and the relative expression of Cd206 and Arg1 mRNA decreased (both P<0.05) in AMs of histone H4 injury group and BALF injury group compared with the control group. Compared with BALF injury group, the relative mRNA expression of Tnfa and Il1b in AMs of anti-H4 intervention group decreased (both P<0.05), while the relative expression of Arg1 mRNA increased (P<0.05). Conclusion LPS can induce a dose-dependent increase in histone H4 levels in BALF in mice. Histone H4 drives the development of ARDS by activating AMs to M1 polarization. Antagonizing histone H4 to interfere with AM polarization to M1 could be a target for the treatment of ARDS.

Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Erastin affects ferroptosis in lung fibroblasts.Meth-ods Mouse lung fibroblasts (C57/B6-L) were treated with varying concentrations of the iron death inducer Eras-tin.Cell viability was assessed using the cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.Oxidative stress levels were visualized using a fluorescence microscope, and the expression of proteins related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was analyzed using Western blot.Additionally, the p38 and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) inhibitors SB203580 and U0126 were employed to further elucidate the mechanism by which Erastin induces iron death in lung fibroblasts.Results At a concentration of 100 μmol/L, Erastin effectively in-duced ferroptosis in lung fibroblasts, leading to an upregulation of oxidative stress.Furthermore, the phosphoryla-tion levels of p38 and ERK proteins in the MAPK pathway were elevated (P<0.05) .The addition of SB203580 and U0126 inhibitors resulted in a significant reduction in oxidative stress levels and a notable increased in cell ac-tivity in lung fibroblasts (P<0.05).Conclusion It can be concluded that Erastin induces ferroptosis in lung fi-broblasts, potentially through the mediation of oxidative stress via the MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the clinical target volume (CTV)-planned target volume (PTV) setup margins during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for cervical cancer patients with different body mass index (BMI),aiming to provide reference for precise individual therapy.Methods Forty patients diagnosed with cervical cancer undergoing IMRT in Cancer Hospital of Fudan University between March and September 2017 were recruited and assigned into the BMI ≤ 18.4,18.5-23.9,24.0-27.9 and ≥ 28 kg/m2 groups according to the BMI classification criteria proposed by National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) of the People's Republic of China.Assisted with the bladder volume measurement device,9 cycles of kilo-voltage cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were subject to online registration and imaging analysis.CTV-PTV setup margins were calculated based on the formula of MPTV =2.5∑+0.7σamong four groups.Single factor variance analysis was performed.LSD test was utilized for two-group comparison.Results Among four groups,the CTV-PTV setup margins in the x,y and z directions were (6.87 mm,6.06 mm,8.49 mm),(3.13 mm,3.02 mm,3.14 mm),(4.70 mm,4.86 mm,5.31 mm) and (7.63 mm,8.28 mm,8.54 mm),respectively (P=0.038,0.048 and 0.004).Conclusions The setup errors in the BMI ≤ 18.4 and ≥28 kg/m2 groups are significantly larger compared with those in the remaining groups Consequently,CTV-PTV setup margins should be enlarged to certain extent for patients with BMI≤ 18.4 and ≥≥28 kg/m2.

Objective:To explore the role of extracellular histones in the pathogenesis of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) , the relationship of extracellular histones in plasma with pulmonary fibrosis caused by coal mine dust was analyzed, and the stimulating effect of extracellular histones on fibroblast proliferation was studied.Methods:In May 2019, a total of 220 coal mine dust exposure workers (including coal miners and CWP patients) who visited the occupational disease outpatient department of Peking University Third Hospital from 2012 to 2015 were enrolled in the study. According to the classification of small opacity profusion (SOP) in chest radiograph for pneumoconiosis diagnosis (category 0, 1, 2, 3) , 61 coal miners were in category 0 SOP, 65 coal miners were in category 1 SOP, 56 coal miners were in category 2 SOP and 38 coal miners were in category 3 SOP. The plasma levels of extracellular histone H4 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The stimulating effects of CWP patients’ plasma and calf thymus histones (CTHs) on fibroblast and the antagonizing effect of anti-H4 antibody were investigated by fibroblast proliferation experiment in vitro.Results:Among the study subjects, there were 195 males (88.6%, 195/220) and 25 females (11.4%, 25/220) , age (55.1±7.2) years, coal mine dust exposure time (16.3±4.4) years. The plasma concentrations of histone H4 in the coal miners with category 0, 1, 2 and 3 SOP were (3.92±1.75) 、(9.84±4.17) 、(14.35±5.52) and (17.83±7.69) μg/ml, respectively. There were significant differences among the four groups ( P<0.01) . The plasma level of histone H4 was positively correlated with the plasma level of PDGF in the coal miners ( r=0.769, P<0.01) . Compared with healthy control plasma group, the cell proliferation percentages of patients' plasma group (272%±87%) and CTH group (283%±84%) were significantly increased ( P<0.05) . Compared with patients' plasma group, the cell proliferation percentage of patients' plasma+anti-H4 antibody group (185%±66%) was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . Compared with CTH group, the cell proliferation percentage of CTH+anti-H4 antibody group (167%±59%) was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Extracellular histones in plasma are associated with pulmonary fibrosis in patients with CWP. Studies in vitro have shown that extracellular histones can promote proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts. It is suggested that extracellular histones can be important biomarkers for pulmonary fibrosis caused by coal mine dust.

Objective:To explore the role of extracellular histones in the pathogenesis of coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) , the relationship of extracellular histones in plasma with pulmonary fibrosis caused by coal mine dust was analyzed, and the stimulating effect of extracellular histones on fibroblast proliferation was studied.Methods:In May 2019, a total of 220 coal mine dust exposure workers (including coal miners and CWP patients) who visited the occupational disease outpatient department of Peking University Third Hospital from 2012 to 2015 were enrolled in the study. According to the classification of small opacity profusion (SOP) in chest radiograph for pneumoconiosis diagnosis (category 0, 1, 2, 3) , 61 coal miners were in category 0 SOP, 65 coal miners were in category 1 SOP, 56 coal miners were in category 2 SOP and 38 coal miners were in category 3 SOP. The plasma levels of extracellular histone H4 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The stimulating effects of CWP patients’ plasma and calf thymus histones (CTHs) on fibroblast and the antagonizing effect of anti-H4 antibody were investigated by fibroblast proliferation experiment in vitro.Results:Among the study subjects, there were 195 males (88.6%, 195/220) and 25 females (11.4%, 25/220) , age (55.1±7.2) years, coal mine dust exposure time (16.3±4.4) years. The plasma concentrations of histone H4 in the coal miners with category 0, 1, 2 and 3 SOP were (3.92±1.75) 、(9.84±4.17) 、(14.35±5.52) and (17.83±7.69) μg/ml, respectively. There were significant differences among the four groups ( P<0.01) . The plasma level of histone H4 was positively correlated with the plasma level of PDGF in the coal miners ( r=0.769, P<0.01) . Compared with healthy control plasma group, the cell proliferation percentages of patients' plasma group (272%±87%) and CTH group (283%±84%) were significantly increased ( P<0.05) . Compared with patients' plasma group, the cell proliferation percentage of patients' plasma+anti-H4 antibody group (185%±66%) was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . Compared with CTH group, the cell proliferation percentage of CTH+anti-H4 antibody group (167%±59%) was significantly decreased ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:Extracellular histones in plasma are associated with pulmonary fibrosis in patients with CWP. Studies in vitro have shown that extracellular histones can promote proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts. It is suggested that extracellular histones can be important biomarkers for pulmonary fibrosis caused by coal mine dust.

Objective To explore the importance of head fixation in chest wall field combined with supraclavicular field radiotherapy for breast cancer by comparing the displacement error and dosimetric differences caused by multi-functional body board and breast bracket.Methods Thirty patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into groups A and B.In group A,patients were fixed with multi-functional body board and head thermoplastic film.In group B,patients were fixed with traditional breast brackets.Each patient received CBCT scan before and after radiotherapy.Both setup errors and intra-fractional displacements in the x-,y-and z-axis,V100 and V95 were calculated.Statistical analyses were performed using the independent sample t-test.Results The displacement errors in groups A and B before and after radiotherapy were (1.24± 0.42),(1.71± 0.61) and (2.25± 1.04) mm vs.(3.67± 2.05),(3.78± 1.74),(4.65±2.66) mm in the x-,y-and z-axis,respectively (P=0.033,0.027,0.020).The intra-fractional displacements in groups A and B were (1.10±0.66),(1.13±0.59),(1.11 ±0.62) mm vs.(2.48±0.88),(2.21 ±0.98),(3.53±2.01) mm in the x-,y-and z-axis,respectively (P=0.030,0.021,0.013).The V100 in groups A and B were (94.27± 3.20) ％ and (99.08± 0.60) ％ (P =0.065),and (89.48± 4.70) ％ and (96.53± 2.50) ％ for V95 (P =0.002),respectively.Conclusion The risk of displacement error is significantly reduced using multi-functional body board,which enhances the accuracy of radiation dose in chest wall and supraclavicular fields of breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUNDOveractive bladder (OAB) is a series of symptoms with high prevalence in elderly people. This study was conducted using the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) to evaluate the efficacy of solifenacin succinate for the treatment of OAB.

METHODSThis was a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, 12-week study that enrolled 241 OAB patients. The patients received 5-10 mg/day solifenacin. Changes in OABSS, symptoms from voiding diary, perception of bladder condition (PPBC) score, international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated at weeks 0, 4, and 12. The relationship between OABSS and PPBC score or parameters of voiding diary was also evaluated.

RESULTSAt baseline, the mean OABSS for all patients was 9.41 ± 2.40, and was reduced significantly at week 12 (-3.76 points; 61.21%, P < 0.0001). The OABSS subscore, PPBC score, IPSS, and QOL were also significantly reduced during the study (P < 0.0001). The overall incidence of adverse events was 19.91% (44 cases). The gastrointestinal system was the most commonly affected (11.31%). Around 5.88% of the cases had adverse events related to the genitourinary system. There was a strong correlation between OABSS and urinary symptoms that was recorded in the 3-day voiding dairy.

CONCLUSIONSWe showed that solifenacin was clinically effective for relieving OAB symptoms, considering the balance between efficacy, patients' well-being, and tolerability. OABSS integrates four OAB symptoms into a single score and can be a useful tool for research and clinical practice.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscarinic Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Quinuclidines ; therapeutic use ; Solifenacin Succinate ; Tetrahydroisoquinolines ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; drug therapy