Purpose To study the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of proximal epithelioid sarcoma (PES).Methods The clinical, radiological and pathological features were reviewed in 6 cases of PES.Results The patients consisted of five males and one female with ages ranging from 32 to 74 years (mean 56 years). Clinically, the tumor mass were progressively-growing solitary nodules with the fuctional disorder and pain. The sites of the tumor involvement were buttock (1 case), thigh (2 cases), iliac spine (1 case), lumbar spine (1 case) and anterior sacrum (1 case). Histologically, the tumors were mainly consisted of epithelioid cells with round or oval nuclei, prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm, some tumor cells appeared rhabdoid features. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin (6/6), CK (5/6), EMA (6/6),β-catenin (6/6), CD99 (5/6), and CD34 (4/6), but negative for S-100 protein, HMB 45, CD 117 and CD 31.Conclusion PES is a distinctive moderate grade malignant tumor with prominent epithelioid and rhabdoid cells appearance.The differential diagnoses include the tumors that have similar cellular appearance with PES, and immunohistochemical staining is useful for diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the advantages, indications and efficiency of video-assited thoraco-scopic sugery in spontaneous pneumothorax. Methods 31 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax underwent video-assited thoracoscopic sugery, performed with endoscopic manual suture without use of endoscopic cutters. Results All patients were cured without recurrence. Conclusions Video-assited thoracoscopic sugery is the first choice in treating spontaneous pneumothorax,with minimal trauma,less bleeding. Endoscopic manual suture can obviously re-duce the treatment cost.

AIM: To study the role of c-myc oncogene in L6565 leukemia oncogenesis and the effects of therapy by inhibition of its expression with antisense c-myc. METHODS: A recombinant retroviral vector containing antisense c-myc of the murine (pGNCas)was constructed and then transfected into PA317 cells by the method of calcium phosphate precipitation. L6565 clone cells were infected with retrovirus particles. Stable integretion of antisense c-myc was shown by PCR. The change of the malignance and phenotype of L6565as were detected by the examination of the growth, morphology, cells cycle, agar assay and expression of c-myc. RESULTS: The shape of most L6565as cells became spherical. The growth of L6565as was inhibited compared to control cells. The analysis of cells cycle: L6565as cells were arrest in G 0/G 1 phase, decreased in S phase. The ability of L6565as cells to form colony in soft agarose was significantly suppressed. c-myc in L6565as cells was lowly expressed. CONCLUSION: (1)c-myc plays a critical role in L6565 leukemia oncogenesis; (2)Inhibition of expression of c-myc makes partly reversion of malignant phenotype of L6565 murine leukemia clone cells.

The parabrachial nucleus (PB)is made up of gray matter around the Pons combination(BC),mainly consisting of glutamatergic,GABAergic and enkephalinergic neurons.PB is connected to hypothalamus and basal forebrain through a network of nerve fibers.Specific lesion of the entire parabrachial complex in animals leads to a deep coma.PB also projects to the non-rapid eye movement(NREM)-related regions including the ven-trolateral preoptic,and receives the projections from the parafa-cial zone.Activation of the GABAergic neurons in parafacial zone can promote NREM sleep,which indicates that PB partici-pates in NREM sleep.Furthermore,the lateral PB is actived when rapid eye movement(REM)sleep is deprived.In conclu-sion,PB participates in regulating wakefulness, NREM and REM sleep.This review summarizes the advances in the roles of PB in sleep-wake regulation.

Objective To examine the reliability,validity,and practicability of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) in hypertensive patients in China.Methods Altogether 434 hypertensive patients and 462 healthy subjects were recruited. All the subjects were assessed with the CERQ-Chinese version (CERQ-C), Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire-Short Form (MASQ-SF), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We calculated the mean inter-item correlations for the total CERQ and for each of the subscales. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to analyze the inter-correlation and reliability, and confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the 9-factor model. Results 1) Hypertension group reported significantly higher score than that of healthy ones on rumination (12.19±2.51 vs. 11.51±2.60, P<0.001), catastrophizing(8.82±2.19 vs.8.11±2.70,P<0.001),and blaming others(10.76±2.11 vs. 9.88±2.48,P<0.001), and had significantly lower score than that of healthy ones on positive reappraisal(13.80±3.55 vs.14.71±4.11,P<0.001).2)Reliability:In the hypertension group the Cronbach's alpha for the total CERQ was 0.80, and that for the 9 subscales ranged from 0.71 (self-blame) to 0.90 (rumination). In the healthy group the Cronbach's alpha for the total CERQ was 0.79, and that for the 9 subscales ranged from 0.71 (positive reappraisal) to 0.90 (rumination). The mean inter-item correlation coefficient for the 9 subscales was 0.21-0.42(the hypertension group)/0.19-0.32 (the healthy group). In the hypertension group,the test-retest reliability of the total scale was 0.82, the test-retest reliability of the 9 subscales ranged from 0.73 to 0.92. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 9 first-order factor data fitted both 2 samples well. Conclusion CERQ meets the psychometric standard and it is reliable and valid for cognitive emotion regulation strategies, which may be regarded as an appropriate assessment tool.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene and autism in Chinese Han children.Methods Genome-wide SNP genotyping was performed by using Illumina HumanHap CNV370-Duo Chip in 278 autistic trios,157 autistic individuals and 435 healthy controls.Genotype data of SNPs within DISC1 gene were selected.The association between these SNPs loci and autism was analyzed through case-control association analysis and family-based transmission disequilibrium test.Results Fifty-two SNPs were involved for further analysis.1.Case-control association analysis showed that 6 SNPs (rs4658939,rs2793093,rs10495309,rs2492367,rs1 1122362,rs1073179) and 7 haplotypes (AGAAAG constructed with rs823163-rs823161-rs4658933-rs1417585-rs10864693-rs6541281,GGG and AAA constructed with rs4658939-rs2793093-rs10495309,GG and AG constructed with rs2492367-rs12046794,GAA constructed with rs9432040-rs2356606-rs1 1122362 and GG constructed with rs9431714-rs1073179) had significant differences between autistic patients and controls(x2 =4.704,4.915,5.568,8.087,4.043,5.183,5.369,5.295,4.440,5.304,7.615,4.018,4.811,P =0.030,0.027,0.018,0.005,0.044,0.023,0.021,0.021,0.035,0.021,0.006,0.045,0.028).2.In the transmission disequilibrium test analysis,2 SNPs (rs4658945,rs11122362) and 2 haplotypes (AG constructed with rs10495310-rs4658945,GAA constructed with rs9432040-rs2356606-rs11122362) showed significant transmission disequilibrium(x2=4.445,5.400,3.973,5.126,P =0.035,0.020,0.046,0.024).Conclusions The polymorphism of rs11122362 and GAA haplotype constructed with rs9432040-rs2356606-rs11122362 are associated with autism,and DISC1 gene is a susceptibility gene for autism in Chinese Han children.

Objective To report experience of minimally invasive surgery of urinary calculi caused by melamine in infants. Methods Retrospectively reviewed the treatments and outcomes of 36 cases with urinary calculi caused by melamine from November 2007 to October 2008. 13 girls and 23 boys aged 8 to 36 months after daily consumption for six month or more of milk products tainted with melamine. These infants underwent MPCNL, ureteroscopic lithotripsy and placement of ureteral stent, respectively. Results The operations were performed successfully in all patients. Five cases underwent MPCNL. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy were performed in fourteen cases. Seventeen cases were placed of ureteral stents. No major complications like hemorrhea, perforation and organic injury were noted. The postoperative hospital stays were 3 to 10 days. All cases were followed up for 1 to 12 months. Calculus had no recurrence. Hydronephrosis and hydroureterosis disappeared or lightened. Growth and development were normal. Conclusions Various kinds of minimally invasive surgical procedures is safe and effective treatments for urinary calculi caused by melamine in infants, applicable in calculi with urinary obstruction especially.

Objective To investigate the effects of four tyrosine metabolites on the proliferation, cell cycle and chemosensitivity of lung cancer cells.Methods A549 cells were cultured with different concentrations of tyrosine metabolites:tyrosine, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate(HPPA), homogentisic acid(HGA) and fumaric acid (FA) in vitro.High content imaging analysis system was used to monitor cell proliferation.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis.Protein and mRNA level of Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by Western blot.Results Tyrosine metabolites had no effect on cell cycle and proliferation of A549 cells.HGA decreased the cell apoptosis of A549 cells induced by Gefitinib with depressed Bax expression and elevated Bcl-2 expression.However, FA increased the apoptosis of A549 cells induced by Gefitinib with up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2.No obvious effect of tyrosine and HPPA was detected on Gefitinib induced cell apoptosis.Conclusion HGA and FA may play an important role in drug sensitivity of lung cancer cells, indicating a critical role of tyrosine metabolism in lung cancer.