For decades, coping has undergone intensive investigation through different theoretical lens. In this paper, three theoretical standings in coping research were proposed:namely,the process theory, the trait theory and the situation theory. Relevant research and measurements were introduced. In the end, different perspectives were reevaluated and implication for further research was discussed.

Objective: To explore the relationships between locus of control,rumination and depression among adolescents.Methods: 361 high school students completed the IPC(Internality,Powerful Others,and Chance Scale),MRQ(Maladaptive Rumination Questionnaire) and SDS(Self-Rating Depression Scale).Results: ①Significant negative correlations were found between internality and rumination(r=-0.25) and depression(r=-0.39),while positive correlations between chance and rumination(r=0.34) and depression(r=0.38),as well as between powerful others and rumination and depression.②Regression analysis indicated predictability of I,C and rumination to depression.③Path analysis confirmed rumination was a partial mediator between internality,chance and depression.Conclusion: Rumination plays an important mediation role between locus of control and depression.

Objective: To revise the Online Game Addiction Inventory(OGAI) and examine its psychometric properties.To explore the relationship between OGAI and Self Efficacy of middle school students.Methods: A sample of 1299 middle school students completed the OGAI and Self Efficacy Inventory(SEI).Results: With exploring factor analysis,4 factors were extracted,i.e.Addictive Behavior,Emotional Arousal,Shame & Dissatisfaction and Dysfunction.The reliability of the revised inventory was 0.93 and that of 4 sub-scales ranged from 0.70 to 0.92.Addictive Behavior,Shame & Dissatisfaction and Dysfunction were negatively correlated with Self Efficacy.Emotional Arousal did not correlate with OGAI.Conclusion: The revised Online Game Addiction Inventory(OGAI) is a reliable and valid measurement.OGAI and SEI are significantly related.

Objective: To explore the effect of perfectionism on depression using anxiety as a controllng variable,and to find possible personality moderators.Methods: 407 undergraduate students from 8 universities in Beijing and Xi'an completed a battery of questionnaires,including Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(FMPS),Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),Personality Adjective Checklist(PACL) and Self-rated Anxiety Scale(SAS).Results: Hierarchical Regression Analysis confirmed the effects of two negative perfectionism dimensions hesitating over actions and concerning over mistakes,on depression after controlling anxiety.The effect of organization on depression was moderated by the personality trait of cooperation.Conclusion: Dimensions of perfectionism have diverse effects on depression.Psychological intervention should be carried out according to individual characteristics.

Objective:To examine the applicability of Problem-focused Style of Coping Inventory(PF-SOC)in Chinese college students,and its relationship with psychological distress.Methods:PF-SOC was translated and back translated.Two samples in a total of 517 college students completed a battery of structured questionnaires,using PSI(problems solving inventory),BDI(Beck Depression Inventory),SES(self esteem scale),MBI-SS(Maslach Burnout Scale-Student Survey)and UWES-S(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student)for validity test.Results:(1)Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the revised Chinese PF-SOC obtained similar structure as the original version.The Cronbach's ? of the three PF-SOC subscales(reflective,suppressive and reactive)were 0.73,0.70 and 0.72 respectively.(2)Beside the gender difference in reflective subscale(male:23.8?4.2/female 23.1?4.7,F = 143.07,P

Objective: To explore the possible relationships of adolescent personality traits, personality deviation and parental rearing pattern. Methods: 393 students from a high school in ShanDong were tested by PACL and EMBU. Re- sults: Generally, adolescent personality traits showed different profiles while factors of EMBU varied in different levels; Antisocial personality deviation was greatly influenced by parental warmth and understanding factor, father's punishment and rigor, father's overprotection. Schizoid personality deviation was mainly influenced by parental warmth and under- standing. Passive- aggressive personality dysfunction was influenced by father's warmth and understanding. Conclusion: Adolescent personality deviation is greatly influenced by parental rearing.

Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of MBI-SS and discuss the academic characteristics that affect burnout. Methods: 353 undergraduate students were administrated MBI-SS and Academic Characteristic Survey. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the expected three-factor structure of the adapted versions of the MBI- Students Survey (including Exhaustion, Cynicism, and Reduced Efficacy) fitted to the data. Exploratory factor analyses showed that the Academic Characteristic Survey includes six dimensions. The result of Regression showed that 44.4% variance of student burnout can be explained by Academic Characteristics. Conclusion: Student burnout includes three dimensions: Exhaustion, Cynicism and Reduced efficacy. Academic self-efficacy,academic stress,relationship with teachers and relationship with fellow students are significant predictors for student burnout.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between computer game addiction,a subtype of internet addiction,and parental Rearing styles.Methods: Using Computer Game Addiction Inventory(CGAI) and EMBU,we investigate a sample of 747 senior high school students in Beijing.According to whether participants' sum score of five dimensions of CGAI is larger than 1.5 SD,we divide them into two groups: tendency to addiction and non-tendency to addiction.Then we analyze the data with methods of MANOVA and Canonical Correlation.Results: There is significant difference in sex distributing between tendency to addiction and non-tendency to addiction.There is also significant difference in parental rearing styles between two groups.Under authoritarian rearing styles,children score higher on nearly every dimension of CGAI.Conclusion: Boys are more likely to get addicted to computer games than girls.Negative parental rearing styles associate closely with computer game addiction.

Objective: To examine the applicability of Perfectionistic Self-Presentation Scale (PSPS) in Chinese college students, and its relationship with self-esteem.Methods: A sample of 187 undergraduates completed the preliminary back-translated Chinese version of PSPS.Another sample of 482 undergraduates completed a battery of structured questionnaires including the final Chinese version of PSPS, Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) and the Self-Esteem Scale (SES).Reliability and validity of PSPS were analyzed and a hierarchical regression analysis was processed to examine the additional contribution of perfectionistic self-presentation in predicting self-esteem after controlling for perfectionistic traits.Results: All psychometric indices of the revised PSPS were satisfactory (the Cronbach ?index for the three subscales were 0.742, 0.705 and 0.681).The three sub-dimensions, i.e.perfection self-promotion, non-display of perfection and non-disclosure of perfection, all had significant contributions(?F=9.891,P

Objective: 1)To revise the Social Skills Scale (SSS) and examine its psychometric properties.2) To explore the relationship between SSS and mental health. Methods:1)A sample of 394 freshmen completed the Social Skills Scale, SCL-90, and Self Consistency and Congruence Scale. Exploratory factor analysis, item analysis, reliability and validity analysis were used to revise the Social Skills Scale. 2) The relations between the SSS , SCL-90 and Self Consistency and Congruence Scale were examined.Results:Using exploring factor analysis, 5 factors were extracted, i.e. social adaptation, social perception, social confidence, social expression, and impression management. The mean inter-item correlation coefficients ranged from 0.52 to 0.77. The correlation coefficients of item and corresponding subscale ranged from 0.52 to 0.77, and the item discrimination indexes ranged from 0.32 to 0.52. Social adaptation, social perception and impression management were positively correlated with mental health. Social confidence was negatively correlated with mental health. Social expression did not correlation with mental health. Conclusion:The revised Social Skills scale was an reliable and valid measurement.