Objective To investigate the risk factors of nausea and vomiting syndrome after thyroidectomy.Method The clinical data of 214 patients undergoing thyroidectomy were analyzed retrospectively to look into the risk factors.Results Seventy-two patients contracted nausea and vomiting syndrome after thyroidectomy,with an incidence of 33.64%.All of them had nausea of degrees 1,2 and 3,taking up 47.22%,27.78%and 25.00%,respectively.38.89%of them had vomiting of mild,intermediate and severe degrees, accounting for 32.14%,57.14% and 10.71%,respectively.Gender,smoking history,anesthesia and surgical duration were correlated with the syndrome(All P<0.05).Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that female,general anesthesia, operative duration ≥2h were independent risk factors(all P<0.05).Conclusions Syndrome of nausea and vomiting after hyroidectomy has a higher incidence.Female,general anesthesia and surgical duration are independent risk factors.Interventional measures pertinent to these factors may reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting syndrome after thyroidectomy.

OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of Bcl-2, on mRNA and protein levels, in the different age of C57BL/6 mice cochleae and the expression localization in the cochleae.METHODS Using ABR to test the hearing level in C57BL/6 mice. Surface preparation of cochlear basil membrane is used to observe the morphology and amout of the outer and inner hair cells in different age of C57BL/6 mice. Fluorescent quantitative real time PCR, immunofluorescence histochemical method and western blot are used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 on the mRNA and protein levels in the C57BL/6 mice cochlea of different age groups ('young group', 'elderly group').RESULTS ABR results showed that the hearing threshold of 'older' C57BL/6 mice is much higher than that in the 'young' mice, and surface preparation of cochlear basil membrane showed the hair cell localized in the cochlear basil turn of 'old' mice arranged in a disorder station and part of hair cells were lost. Also, the spiral ganglion cells arranged sparsely and messily. Fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR results suggest the expression of Bcl-2 on/at the mRNA level of the 'old' mice cochleae decreases significantly, compared to that in the 'young' mice. The results of Immunofluorescence and Western blot suggest the expression of Bcl-2 on/at the protein levels of the 'old' mice cochlea decreased, compared to that in the 'young' mice. Also, the Bcl-2 is located in the cytoplasm, and the expression of Bcl-2 in the inner hair cells seems higher than that in the outer hair cells. CONCLUSION The expression of Bcl-2 significantly deceased in the 'old' C57BL/6 mice cochleae, both on mRNA and protein level, which may be related to the hearing loss and loss of hair cells.

Objective:To explore the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1 )induced by cigarette smoking extract(CSE) as well as the influence of the adenovirus E1A gene in pulmonary epithelial cells.Methods:A549 cells were transfected with a plasmid carrying the adenovirus E1A gene and stable trasfectants expressing E1A protein were selected. The cells were tested for the expression of ICAM-1 after stimulation with different concentrations of CSE.Results:ICAM-1expression was increased in A549 markedly with CSE stimulation,and the higher CSE concentration were,the more expression of ICMA-1 was observed. As compared with parental cells or cells transfected with control plasmid, ICAM-1 expression was markedly increased with stimulation of different concentrations of CSE in E1A-positive A549 cells.Conclusion:CSE exposure induces the surface expression of ICAM-1 and adenovirus E1A gene can markedly increase ICAM-1 expression induced by CSE in pulmonary epithelial cells, which suggest that latent adenovirus infection may amplify the inflammation process present in airways of smokers.

Objective To investigate the NAD+ - dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 expression in the cochlea of C57BL/6 mice ,a mouse model of age - related hearing loss(AHL) .Methods A total of 46 C57BL/6 mice were used ,and were divided into 2 groups ;according the age ,there were young group (1 ~ 2 months old ,23 mice) and old group (12 ~ 16 months old ,23 mice) .ABR measurements were performed on young and old C57BL/6 mice . The expression of SIRT1 in the cochlea was detected by qRT - PCR and immunofluorescence .Results The ABR thresholds in the old mice(4 kHz :82 .7 ± 7 .32 dB SPL ,8 kHz :80 .9 ± 7 .8 dB SPL ,16 kHz :89 .3 ± 5 .5 dB SPL ,32 kHz :89 .9 ± 4 dB SPL) were significantly higher than those in the young C57BL/6 mice(4 kHz :52 .1 ± 8 .3 dB SPL ,8 kHz :40 .5 ± 6 .1 dB SPL ,16 kHz :50 .7 ± 9 .4 dB SPL ,32 kHz :57 .6 ± 11 .9 dB SPL)(P < 0 .001) .SIRT1 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the cochlea of old C57BL/6 mice in comparison with young mice ( P <0 .01) .SIRT1 protein was abundantly expressed in the inner hair cells ,outer hair cells ,supporting cells ,strial marginal cells ,strial intermediated cells ,and spiral ganglion neurons .The positive area and the average flourescence intensity of SIRT1 protein were reduced in old C57BL/6 mice(P< 0 .001) .Conclusion The down - regulation of SIRT1 mRNA and protein expression in the older C57BL/6 mouse cochlea may be correlated with the pathogenesis of AHL .

Objective To explore the possible mechanism of miR 34a/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway in the mouse model of age-related hearing loss.Methods A C57BL/6 mouse model of age-related hearing loss was conducted,and 4-week-old and 12-month-old mice were considered as the objects.The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to test the hearing function.The TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was used to observe the apoptosis of neuron in auditory cortex.The mRNA and protein levels of miR-34a,Bcl-2 and caspase 3 were detected by real-time PCR and Western bloting,respectively.Results The ABR showed that the hearing threshold level at 4,8,16,32 kHz were higher in 12-month-old mice than in 4-week-old mice [(80.0±2.5) dBHL vs.(32.0 ±4.5) dBHL,(74.0±3.5) dBHL vs.(51.0±1.2) dBHL,(86.0±4.6) dBHL vs.(51.0±3.5) dBHL,(87.0±6.6) dBHL vs.(56.0±1.5) dBHL,all P＜0.05].Compared with 4 week-old mice,the total number of neurons in auditory cortex was decreased,the number of apoptosis neurons was increased,the expressions of miR-34a (t=6.02,P=0.001),Bax (t=6.51,P=0.012) and Caspase 3 (P=0.023) rised,and the expression of Bcl-2 (t=7.12,P=0.032) declined in 12 month-old mice.Conclusions The activation of miR-34a/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway may be one of the mechanisms of age-related hearing loss.

Objective To evaluate and characterize tinnitus patients, and provide profiles for further studying tinnitus.Methods This study included 2 171 tinnitus patients seeking treatment between Janurary 2014 and December 2015 from department of head and neck surgery,Sun Yixian Memorial Hospital,Zhongshan University.Tinnitus measurements consisted of pure tone audiometry and tinnitus matching procedures.The characteristics of tinnitus were analyzed by the essential information and auditory checks of the patients.Results Average age was 44.08±15.37 years old.Tinnitus frequently occurred between 41 to 50 years old(491 cases,22.60%).Unilateral tinnitus was more than bilateral tinnitus, while the cranial tinnitus was rare.The patients with mild or moderate tinnitus had the largest population,with higher average hearing threshold at 8 000 Hz in tinnitus ear than non tinnitus ear.The highest frequency of tinnitus matching frequency was high frequency(4~8 kHz).The first three causes for tinnitus were unknown reasons,sudden deafness and middle ear disease.Conclusion Larger population was subjective tinnitus.Tinnitus was closely related with hearing loss.The causes for tinnitus were complex.Tinnitus retraining therapy is a treatment that is worth to be popularized.

Objective To explore the effect of let-7c-1 on the learning and memory of PTZ-induced epileptic rats and its relevant mechanism.Methods A model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) was induced via PTZ kindling in SD male rats.The epileptic rats were divided into epilepsy group,agomir-control group,let-7c-1 agomir group (12 rats for each).Twelve rats were served as a negative control group.The behavior and the expression levesl of let-7c-1,Bcl-2 protein and Caspase3 were evaluated at 28 days following PTZ.Results Compared to the negative group,the escape latency of epilepsy group was prolonged and the crossing times as well as the quadrant total distance in the target were reduced (P＜0.05).However,those parameters were not significantly different between the epilepsy group and the agmoir-control group (P＞0.05).Compared to the agmoir-control group,the escape latency of let-7c-1 agomir group was prolonged and the crossing times as well as the quadrant total distance in the target were reduced (P＜ 0.05).The expression levels of let-7c-1 and let-7c-1 were 1.35±0.32 in agmoir-control group and 62.53±21.01 in agomir group (F=50.97,P＜0.05).The expression levels of let-7c-1 were higher in let-7c-1 agomir group than in other groups (P＜0.05).Compared to the negative group,the expressions of Bcl-2 protein in other groups were decreased (P＜0.05) and the Caspase3 protein were increased (P＜0.05).Compared to the agomir-control group,the expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly decreased and the expression of Caspase3 protein was significantly increased in let-7c-1 agomir group (P＜0.05).Conclusions The present study shows that let-7c-1 may impair the learning and memory of PTZ-induced epileptic rats through decreasing the Bcl-2 protein and increasing Caspase3 protein in the hippocampus.

AIM:To study the expressions of galectin-3 and the possible anti-infectious function in genital tract of female mouse. METHODS:The expressions of galectin-3 mRNA in different reproductive tissues were analyzed by RT-PCR. The mouse model of genital tract infection was constructed by injection of LPS and Freunds adjuvant incomplete into the vaginal mucous. The expression pattern of galectin-3 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:The expression of galectin-3 mRNA was detected in the uterus,vagina,oviduct and ovary of normal adult mouse. The galectin-3 protein was expressed in the genital tract mucous of epithelial cell surface and uterine gland. After stimulation with LPS,the expression of galectin-3 protein was significantly up-regulated compared to normal control and adjuvant control (P

Objective To investigate the influence of erythropoietin in the metabolism of extracellular matrix after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.Methods The langendroff reperfusion system was applied to investigate the protective function of EPO in ischemia-reperfusion condition in rats.The effects of EPO on extracellular matrix were observed by Western blot and signal pathway blocker.The LVEDP and infarction area were observed at the same time.Results EPO significantly improved LVEDP [(19.8±0.2) mmHg vs (35.9±0.2) mmHg,IR group vs EPO +IR group,P＜0.05]and decreased infarction area (35.26%±7.13% vs 62.70%±7.23%,IR group vs EPO+IR group,P＜0.05).The expression of MMPs was significantly decreased and the expression of collagenase Ⅰ/Ⅲ was significantly enhanced by EPO (MMP2 53.2+2.6 vs 21.2+2.5;MMP9 57.6±3.1 vs 19.2±2.6;IR group vs IR+EPO group (P＜0.05);collagen Ⅰ 43.2±2.2 vs 11.4±2.3;collagen Ⅲ 55.3±3.2 vs 18.1 vs 2.3;IR+EPO group vs IR group (P＜0.05).This function can be inhibited by Mek-Erk inhibitor.Conclusion EPO plays a role in the metabolism of extracellular matrix by Mek-Erk signal pathway,which can protect the heart tissue from ischemia-reperfusion injury.