Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deifned as transcripts longer than 200 nt without coding capacities. Although they were initially argued to be transcriptional by-products of RNA polymeraseⅡ, recent evidence suggests that lncRNAs have been associated with a spectrum of biological processes, and aberrant lncRNA expression may be a major contributor to tumorigenesis, progression and prognosis. This study summarizes the up-to-date studies on lncRNAs in urological neoplasms.

Objective To compare the overall diagnostic accuracy of MRCP with EUS for the detection of choledocholithiasis and malignant obstruction in patients with suspected biliary obstruction.Methods A fully recursive literature search was conducted in The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL,MEDLINE or PUBME (1980-2012),EMBASE (1980-2012),OVID Database (1980-2012),CBM (1980-2012),VIP database (1989-2012),Chinese journal of full-text database (CNKI) (1980-2012),and WANFANG database(1980-2012).The prospective diagnostic studies which evaluated or compared the diagnostic accuracy of MRCP and EUS were included combined with manual searches.We also searched the references of all included articles of important meetings and journals.QUA-DAS items were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.SEN,SPE,+ LR,-LR and the areas under SROC were detected,then t-test was used to evaluate whether statistically significant difference existed between EUS and MRCP.Results Thirteen studies including 1200 cases were recruited.The overall pooled sensitivities of MRCP and EUS for the detection of choledocholithiasis were 0.870 (95％ CI:0.826-0.906)and 0.935 (95％ CI:0.90-0.96) respectively,whereas their specificities were 0.952 (95％ CI:0.926-0.971) and 0.947 (95％ CI:0.920-0.967),respectively.The overall pooled positive likelihood ratio for MRCP and EUS were 14.055 (95％ CI:6.259-31.561) and 16.653 (95％ CI:6.896-40.212),respectively,with the corresponding negative likelihood ratio of 0.177 (95％ CI:0.108-0.290) and 0.076 (95％ CI:0.049-0.118),respectively.Areas under the ROC curve were 0.9693 and 0.9771,respectively.There were no statistically significant difference for sensitivity (0.84 ± 0.16 vs 0.93 ± 0.07,P =0.108) and specificity (0.93 ±0.10 vs 0.90 ±0.15,P =0.555) between MRCP and EUS.The overall pooled sensitivities of EUS and MRCP for the detection of malignancy were 0.959 (95％ CI:0.908-0.987),and 0.805 (95％ CI:0.724-0.871),respectively,whereas their specificities were 0.975 (95％ CI:0.954-0.988) and 0.927 (95％ CI:0.897-0.951),respectively.The overall pooled positive likelihood ratio for EUS and MRCP were 23.398 (95％ CI:12.987-42.155) and 13.448 (95％ CI:4.961-36.456),respectively,with the corresponding negative likelihood ratio of 0.059 (95％ CI:0.028-0.122) and 0.134(95％ CI:0.046-0.391),respectively.Areas under the ROC curve were 0.9870 and 0.9686,respectively.There were no statistically significant differences for sensitivity (0.95 ± 0.55 vs 0.88 ± 0.14,P =0.22) and specificity (0.96 ±0.03 vs 0.91 ±0.11,P =0.31) between MRCP and EUS.Conclusion MRCP and EUS are both valuable in differential diagnosis of biliary obstruction caused by choledocholithiasis or malignant lesions.

目的探讨低能量氦氖激光血管内照射(intravascular He-Ne laser irradiation,ILIB)治疗氯丙嗪所致锥体外系副反应(extraPyramideal side effects,EPS)的疗效。方法将61例住院精神分裂症患者随机分为ILIB治疗组(31例)和对照组(30例),两组患者均单一服用氯丙嗪。对出现EPS的 ILIB治疗组患者采用ILIB治疗,10次为1个疗程;对出现EPS的对照组患者使用安坦治疗。于治疗前、中、后用EPS副反应量表评定两组患者的疗效。结果对氯丙嗪所致的EPS,ILIB治疗组和对照组疗效无显著性差异(P>0.05),但ILIB治疗组抗胆碱能副作用发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论ILIB对氯丙嗪所致EPS疗效确切,同时还有对抗氯丙嗪的抗胆碱能副作用。

Objective To summarize our experience in the management of stones impacted at cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods There were 58 patients with stones impacted at cystic duct during LC from July 1997 to June 2001.Cystic duct was incised to remove stones first,then intraoperative cholangiography was performed.If stones were found in common bile duct,they would be taken out by intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy or open operation. Results All the impacted stones in 58 patients were removed successfully.51 coses underwent LC.Intraoperative cholangiography showed there were common bile duct stones in 7 cases.For these 7 coses,5 cases were treated by LC combined with intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy and other 2 cases were converted into open operation.No Severe complication occurred. Conclusions Nearly all cases with stones impacted at cystic duct can receive LC by removing impacted stones through incising the cystic duct and intraoperative cholangiography.If there are any stones in common bile duct,they can be removed by endoscopic sphincterotomy.

Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of whole blood derived platelets and apheresis platelets in children with hematological diseases.Methods Children were divided into two groups: apheresis platelet group(463 children) and whole-blood-derived platelet group(155 children).The platelet corrected count increment(CCI),percentage platelet recovery(PPR),the incidence rate of post-transfusion refractoriness to platelets(PTR) and adverse reaction were observed and assayed at 24,48 and 72hours after transfusion.Results In the apheresis platelet group,CCI and PPR at 24,48,and 72 hours after transfusion were significantly higher(P

[Objective]To apply interal fixation with new pterygo-shape titanium mesh cage in the treatment of degenarative cervical spondylosis.[Method]Twenty-seven patients of degenarative cervical spondylosis were reconstructed after vertecotomy with the cage including 19 cases of CDH,8 cases of OPLL,18 cases in male and 9 cases in female;single segment degenaration were 21 cases,double segment degenaration were 6 cases.All cases were excluded fracture,dislocate by X-ray and MRI preoperatly.[Result]All 27 patients were followed up for an average time of 10 months(from 6 to 14 months).The anverage time of bone graft fusion was 10 weeks.[Conclusion]The pterygo_shape titanium mesh cage can provide immediate biomechanical stability and prevent the mesh cage displace,subsidence,exodus after operation.The surgical procedure is simple,safety and without illic-bone graft,meanwhile can greatly relieve patients' economy burden.Then the internal fixation is elastic fixation,the bone fusion shows a satisfactory result.

Objective To investigate the role of proteoglycan autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Human Aggrecan G1 domain cDNA was cloned from human cartilage, and recombinant aggrecan G1 domain (rAG1) protein was synthesized in a Baculovirus expression system. Synovial fluid monocytes from RA patients were stimulated with rAG1. Harvested cells' radioactivity was quantified in a ?-scentillation counter and the stimulation index (SI) was calculated. Cells with SI over 3 were taken as rAG1 specific T cells. Three well-characterized AG1-specific T cell lines were injected intraperitoneally into 8 SCID Beige mice. At the same time, rAG1 was injected intraarticularly into left knees of these mice. On day 8, mice were sacrificed and histological examination of the knee joints was performed. Results Human rAG1 specific T cell lines were generated from synovial fluid of RA patients. Most of these cells were CD4~+CD8~- T cells secreting Th1 cytokine (interferon-?). A pronounced capsular and synovial infiltration of mononuclear cells with early synovitis and cartilage erosion was observed in some left knees of the mice treated with rAG1-specific T cells. Conclusion Human rG1-autoreactive T cells injected intraperitoneally have homed to left knee where its epitope rAG1 was injected, and they participated in the development of inflammatory arthropathy.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of remifentanil and dexmedetomidine on controlled hypotension during endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods Forty patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery were randomly divided into group R and group D, 20 in each group. All patients received controlled hypotension when the surgeons began to sterilize the nasal cavity for the purpose of maintaining the MAP at 60 ~ 70 mmHg. Group R received remifentanil 1μg/kg over 1 minute, followed by 0.2 to 0.4μg/kg per minute infusion during maintenance, whereas group D received dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by 0.2 to 0.7μg/kg per hour during maintenance. At the moment of pre-induction(T0), incision(T1), 30 min(T2) and 60 min(T3) after incision and 10 min(T4) after end of controlled hypotension, MAP and HR were measured. Quality of the surgical field, blood loss and extubation time were recorded. Sedation and postoperative pain were assessed on arrival at the PACU. Results The goals for the MAP level were achieved and the surgical field quality was ideal in both groups. The MAP and HR values at T1~ T3 were significantly lower than those at T0 in both groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the MAP or HR values between the groups at each time point (P>0.05). No significant difference was founded between the groups in the Fromme operative field score and blood loss (P > 0.05). The extubation time was significantly shorter in group R than in group D(P<0.05). The sedation score in the PACU was significantly lower in group R than in group D(P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in postoperative pain between the groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Both remifentanil and dexmedetomidine are safe agents for controlled hypotension and are effective in providing satisfactory surgical fields during endoscopic sinus surgery. However , remifentanil is advantageous in time for extubation and complete consciousness from anesthesia and therefore it may have the advantage of fast track anesthesia.

ObjectiveTo clone the full-length cDNA of Microsporum canis membrane protein PQ-loop repeat protein(PQ-LRP) gene,so as to investigate the roles of PQ-LRP in the pathogenesis of tinea capitis.MethodsA Microsporum canis strain(A518) from a patient with tinea capitis served as the experimental strain.Rapid cDNA end amplification(RACE) was performed to clone the full length cDNA sequence of PQLRP gene.Bioinformatics methods were used to make a preliminary functional analysis of the gene.Results The cDNA of PQ-LRP gene was obtained with a full length of 1522 bp,including the 5' untranslated region (49 bp),coding region(1080 bp) and 3' untranslated region(393 bp).The coding region encoded a protein precursor including 359 amino acid residues.The cloned cDNA of PQ-LRP gene shared an 81％ nucleotide identity with that of Trichophyton tonsurans and a 79％ nucleotide identity with that of Trichophyton rubrum.Conclusions The full-lengthcDNA of Microsporumcanis membraneproteinPQ-LRP gene hasbeen successfully cloned,which will provide an important basis for further researches into the roles of PQ-LRP in Microsporum canis-associated diseases.

Objective To explore the application value of hysteroscopy in recurrent implantation failure ,and discuss what was the best time to transfer embryos after the operation .Methods The patients who had undergone two or more failed IVF-ET cycles were separated into two groups .The patients of group A ( n=210) received hysteroscopy , and the patients of group B ( n=71) did not receive hysteroscopy evaluation .Intrauterine lesions diagnosis were trea-ted during the procedure .Patients without intrauterine pathologies were given slight curettage .The recurrent IVF-ET were performed after the procedure .Then we analyzed the clinical pregnancy rate of the two groups and determined the best time to transfer embryos after the operation.Results In group A,57 patients were pregnant.In group B, 8 patients were pregnant .There was a significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rates between the two groups (χ2 =7.52,P<0.01).In the pregnant patients of group A ,about 94.7%were pregnant in 6 months after hysterosco-py.Conclusion The patients with recurrent IVF -ET transfer failure should be evaluated prior to commencing IVF-ET cycle to improve the clinical pregnancy rate .It is better to transfer embryos within 6 months after hysteroscopy operation.