Objective:To establish a method for the determination of residual 5 heavy metal elements in single use and gravity feed infusion sets and intravenous infusion needles, including Cd, Cr, Cu, Sn and Pb. Methods:After the pre-preparation,the sample was dissolved in 1% nitrate. The 5 heavy metal elements in the sample solution were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spec-trometry (ICP-MS). Results:Under the ICP-MS assay conditions, each element showed good linearity within the range of 0-50 ng· ml-1(r>0. 999 0). The average recoveries were within the range of 92%-116% and 1. 6%-2. 9%, respectively (RSD<3,n=9). Conclusion:The operation is simple and can meet the demand for the analysis of heavy metal elements in single use and gravity feed infusion sets and intravenous infusion needles.

Objective To characterize the progression of segmental vitiligo.Methods Clinical data were collected using questionnaires from 387 patients with segmental vitiligo at the Department of Dermatology,Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou,between October 2011 and October 2012.The progression of segmental vitiligo was analyzed.Results Among the 387 patients,329 initially sufferred from focal vitiligo that evolved into segmental vitiligo later,58 began with segmental vitiligo.Vitiligo progressed most rapidly in the initial three months,and tended to be stable after three years in 220 (66.9％) of the 329 patients experiencing the evolution from focal to segmental vitiligo.By contrast,vitiligo developed most rapidly in the first month,and tended to be quiescent after one year in 40 (69.0％) of the 58 patients presenting with segmental vitiligo only.The condition still remained active in 27.6％ (107/387) of these patients after several years of progression.Totally,333 (86.0％) patients showed the involvement of single ganglion at the onset of vitiligo,including 173 (52.0％) patients with the involvement of trigeminal ganglion.Autologous melanocyte transplantation was conducted for 62 patients whose condition had been quiescent for more than one year,and 56 (90.3％) patients achieved more than 80％ repigmentation.Conclusions Segmental vitiligo,which tends to remain quiescent after three-year progression,seems to have a more rapid onset than focal vitiligo.Autologous melanocyte transplantation appears to be an effective treatment for segmental vitiligo in stable stage.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and evolution ot segmental vitiligo in children.Methods A standardized questionnaire was used to clinically investigate segmental vitiligo in 170 children aged ＜ or =12 years and 174 adults with an age of onset ＞ 18 years.Data analysis was done by the software SPSS16.0.Results The female to male ratio was 108:62 in the 170 child patients,significantly different from that in the adult patients (x2 =14.44,P ＜ 0.05).Localized vitiligo occurred as the initial presentation in 82.9％ (141/170) ofthe children and 76.4％ (133/174) of the adults,and progressed into segmental vitiligo in half a year in 76.5％ of the 141 children and 63.9％ of the 133 adults.Vitiligo entered the quiescent stage after half-a-year progression in 71.6％ of the children and 67.3％ of the adults with localized vitiligo as the initial presentation,and after one-month progression in 62.1％ of the children and 41.5％ of the adults with segmental vitiligo as the first presentation (x2 =8.39,P ＜ 0.01).Head and face were affected at the onset of segmental vitiligo in 44.1％ of the childhood cases and 56.9％ of the adult cases.Single nerve segments were involved at the onset in 94.7％ of the child patients and 86.8％ of the adult patients (x2 =0.04,P ＞ 0.05).The proportions of patients with white hairs,autoimmune diseases,and family history were significantly lower in the child patients than in the adult patients (x2 =15.88,5.62,6.66 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Childhood-onset segmental vitiligo shows a predilection for males,usually presents as localized vitiligo at the onset,and becomes quiescent after half-a-year progression in more than 70％ of patients.

AIM:Although there are many evidences showing positive effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEA-S) in bone metabolism,the reasonable and thorough experiments are still needed to clear the mechanism of DHEA-S on bone metabolism by excluding the biological effect of its derivative hormone.This experiment is to study the efficacy and safety of DHEA-S in treatment of osteoporosis in elderly males.METHODS:①From October 2005 to October 2006,120 out-and in-patients with primary osteoporosis who were admitted in Shanghai 6th People's Hospital were selected.The diagnosis of primary osteoporosis referred to the new standard from WHO:without the application of sexual hormone,and over 2.5 standard deviation value of bone mineral density lower than the peak value of the same gender subject.All the cases were randomly divided into treatment group and control group(60 cases in every group).② DHEA-S 100 mg and Caltrate-D 600 mg were orally given to the treatment group;Caltrate-D 600 mg was orally given to the control group.③After 6 months,the bone density,serum biochemical markers,markers of bone resorption and formation as well as side effects were measured.RESULTS:120 osteoporosis patients entered into analysis.①Compared to the pretreatment and control group,the bone mineral density in lumbar spine 1,lumbar spine 2-4,femoral neck,and upper part of femoral bone were increased significantly in the treatment group(P 0.05).CONCLUSION:Treatment of osteoporosis in elderly males with DHEA-S is safe and effective without obvious side effects.

0.05) and the mean operative bleeding (135.8?62.9)ml and (245.1?168.9)ml (P

The Contents of EPA and DHA were enriched from fish oil by lower temperature crystallization. After first separation,the concentration of EPA and DHA went up to 50%-58% from 7%-15%,and to 73%-79%after sencond separation. The selection of solvents and conditions of crystallization were discussed.

It has not been well agreed on transportation of severely burned patients for a long distance during shock stage due to having high risks. After meticulouss preparation and much effort, a group of severely burned patients during shock period were safely transferred by air far away from our hospital in Aug. 2000, and fluid resuscitation and hemodynamical stabilization were maintained on the plane. The process passed smoothly. All the patients survived finally after active and effective treatment in our burn center. The experience shows that transportation by air of burned patients for a long distance during shock stage is possible on condition that all relative measures are properly carried out during the journey.

Since the information supplied by the paternity testing of alleged parents was less than that of standard triplet parentage testing,so the paternity index (PI) calculating methods of standard triplet parentage testing was not suitable for calculating the PI value of alleged parents.In order to establish a more precise method for calculating PI value of alleged parents with STR typing results,the first thing is to summarize the standard triplet PI calculating formulas according to the Essen Mller theory.These formulas are 1/p,1/2p,1/p+q,1/2p+2q.This article reports a new PI calculating method in case of paternity testing of alleged parents.Compared with other methods,the new method for calculating Y value either considering random man and random female or considering the alleged father(mother)and random female(man).

Objective:To observe the effect of overdose fluoride on the expression of bFGF in rat's dental pulps.Methods:NaF at 20 mg/(kg?d) was given to each of 10 Wister rats by stomach perfusion for 8 weeks, another 10 rats were given the same volume of distilled water as the controls.After treatment,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of the teeth, immunohistochemical staining was adopted for study the expression of bFGF in the dental pulps of the rats.Results:The enamel layer and dentin layer of the incisors in NaF treated rats were thinner than those in the controls,the interglobular dentin was increased and the expression of bFGF in dental pulp and inner dentin was inhibited in the NaF treated rats(P