Objective To investigate online dating status and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection among men who have sex with men (MSM)in Chongqing,and provide basis for effective intervention in HIV infec-tion among MSM.Methods 206 MSM in Chongqing were performed structured interview and questionnaire survey, MSM who didn’t conduct HIV testing within half a year were performed laboratory screening,sociological popula-tion characteristics and influencing factors of HIV in MSM were analyzed.Results The average age of 206 MSM was (22.08±1 .81)years old,137 (66.50%)received college education and above,HIV infection rate was 21 .36%(44/206).HIV infection rate in MSM who had no fixed partners was higher than those who had fixed partners;the more sexual partners they had,the greater the risk of HIV infection they got;HIV infection rate in MSM who had sex with unfamiliar persons or strangers was higher than those who had sex with familiar partners;the higher rate of condom use in sexual behavior,the lower rate of HIV infection was,there were significant differences among the groups(all P <0.05).Condom use among MSM with different educational levels was significantly different(all P <0.05).Conclusion HIV infection rate in MSM is high in this city,it is necessary to strengthen education about health,network partner,and behavioral intervention,reduce the bridge population connecting MSM network,es-tablish social support system of homosexuality,and reduce the risk of HIV infection in MSM.

In this paper,a time-frequency approach is used for the recognition and analysis of ECG signals for a normal or an abnormal patient.An iterative deconvolution procedure is applied to calculate the time-frequency representations.This method can enhance the resolutions of the signals.

Objective: To study the effect of HSVtk/GCV system on ascites tumors. Methods: Using the methods of modified XTT assay, animal experiment, transmission electron microscopy (TEM ) and flow cytometric ( FCM) assay. Results: The sensitivity of P388tk cell was about 37-fold than that of their patental P388 cell. Furthermore we found P388tk cells exhibited potent bystander killing. In vivo , the growth of tumors, which were produced by injecting P388tk cells or a mixture of 50% P388tk cells and 50% P388 cells into DBA/2 mice, was inhibited , furthermore mice survival periods were prolonged contrasted to control groups. Conclusion: HSVtk/GCV suicide gene system could effectively killed the HSVtk-gene-positive P388tk cells and nearby HSVtk-gene-negative cells by the bystander effect in vitro and in vivo.

Objective To examine the current status of the sexual behavior among out‐of‐school adolescent men who have sex with men(MSM)and analyze the influential factors of AIDS infection in order to provide countermeasures.Methods The software SPSS 16.0 was used for cross table analysis and chi square test of questionnaire data and HIV detection data.Results The HIV infection rate was 21.36%.The household registration ,the only child ,living state ,coming out of the closet ,fixed sex‐ual partner ,the way they know sexual partners had no significant effects on HIV infection(P>0.05).Having multiple sexual partners(P<0.05) ,unfamiliar with sexual partners(P<0.05) ,having sex with network friends(P<0.05) ,no condom use in sexual life(P<0.01) ,having no regular HIV testing(P<0.01)were significantly related to HIV infection.Conclusion Reduc‐ing the sexual behavior among out‐of‐school adolescent MSM ,carrying out HIV counseling and testing ,promoting the use of condoms contribute to the reduction of HIV infection.

Objective To understand the total suspended particulates(TSP)in ambient air and their characteristics on metallic elements in Xi an.Methods 96air samples were collected from the industrial area,industry-traffic mixed area,heavy traffic area and control area in Xi an during the heating season and unheating season,2001.The concentra-tions of TSP in ambient air and the contents of Pb,Mn,Cr,Ni,Cd in inorganic extracts of TSP were determined.Re -sults The concentration of TSP in ambient air(0.5865mg /m 3 )during heating season was significantly higher than that(0.3535mg /m 3 )during unheating season(P

ObjectiveExplore the pathogeny of cell immunity of severe aplastic anemia(SAA),also appraise the effect and prognosis value of T cell subset change in the treatment of SAA.MethodTake normal persons as control,combine CD_3,CD_4,CD_8 with human being peripheral blood monocytes,analyse with flow cell method the cells of CD~+_3,CD~+_4,CD~+_8 in monocyte and CD~+_4/CD~+_8.Compare and analyse T cell subset in 3 groups before and after treatment.ResultCompared with control,there’s obvious meaningful difference in T lymphocytesCD~+_3 and CD~+_8,and CD~+_4/CD~+_8(P

Objective To sunmarize the clinical experience of emergency laparoscopic choledocholithotomy plus T-tube drainage for acute calculous cholangitis.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 98 cases with acute calculous cholangitis undergoing emergency laparoscopic choledocholithotomy between Mar 2007 to Jul 2011 at our hospital.Results In this study,93 cases with definite diagnosis of acute calculous cholangitis underwent at their acute stage totally laparoscopic choledocholithotomy and T-tube drainage,2 cases received laparoscopic transeystic common bile duct exploration and 3 cases were treated with primary closure of the common bile duct following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and intra-bile duct stent.All procedures were successful without conversion to open surgery.The average of the operative time and the hospital stay was 96 minutes and 12 days respectively.The major complications included residual stones in 8 cases,bile leakage in 4 cases and intraperitoneal bleeding in I case.All were cured by conservative therapy.Conclusions For most patients of acute calculous cholangitis,emergency T-tube drainage after laparoscopic chuledocholithotomy is safe and effective.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of critically ill children infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) and PA antibiotics resistance in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).Methods Case records of children with PA infection admitted to PICU in children′s hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from Jan 2007 to Dec 2009 were reviewed for clinical characteristics,case fatality rate,prognosis and drug resistance.Results (1) Clinical features:12 cases were community-acquired infection and 46 cases were hospital-acquired infections in 58 cases.On the same period,hospital-wide surveillance obtained PA 232 strains,PICU obtained PA 112,the ratio was 48.3%.Twelve cases died and total mortality was 20.7%.The mortality was significantly difference between community-acquired infections (5 cases,41.6%)and hospital-acquired infections (7 cases,15.2%)(P<0.05).The main symptom of children with community-acquired infections were intestinal infection (5 cases) and sepsis (5 cases).The children had acute onset and developed to shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome rapidly.Laboratory examination revealed the white blood cell normal (7/12) and decreased in 5 cases (5/12).The value of C-reactive protein was increased significantly,and the concentration of blood endotoxin were also increased.In the hospital-acquired PA infection cases,the main symptom was respiratory abnormal (38 cases),worsen primary disease,extended staying days in PICU.(2)Drug resistance analysis:112 PA,69.8% of ceftazidime-resistant,72.8% of the imipenem-resistant.Conclusion There is significant difference of the clinical features between PA community-acquired infection and hospital-acquired infection.The former is mostly primary infections with high fatality rate.PA hospital-acquired infection has become an important pathogen of nosocomial infection in PICU.And it is important to prevent PA infection caused by a long term broad-spectrum antibiotics application and invasive medical procedures.

After severance the ventral spinal roots in 10 dogs, the distribution of the anterograde degeneration was studied by means of Nauta's technique with the following conclusions:1. After sectioning the ventral roots, degenerating fibers (including preterminal and terminal fibers) appeared regularly in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. This confirms that there are afferent fibers which project into the central nervous system via the ventral spinal roots.2. These degenerating fibers ascended not only in the posterior funiculi, but also in the gray matter, so that the preterminal and terminal degenerations of the terminal branches or collateral branches were found in the columna grisea posterior of the thoracic and cervical segments above the surgically operated segments of the spinal cord.3. The preterminal and terminal degenerations were found in the reticular areas of the nucleus gracilis of the medulla oblongata and around the non-cluster cells.4. Degenerating fibers were unequally distributed, most of them located ipsilaterally. The degenerating fibers decreased in number in rostral segments.5. Afferent fibers in ventral roots differ from those in dorsal roots in distribution:a) From the operated segment and to far more rostral segments, afferent fibers of the ventral root were distributed in a more medial position in the spinal dorsal gray column, viz, "medial tendency", and then ascended after interposing into the funiculi gracilis. This is different from the afferent fibers of the dorsal root in the control group which were distributed in "equal tendency" in the dorsal column and took a "lateral addition fashion" of entering the funiculi gracilis.b) Apparently, much more afferent fibers in ventral roots projected contralaterally than those in the dorsal roots.c) It was also characteristic that the afferent fibers in ventral roots projected further toward the rostral segments of the spinal cord.

This study examined the effects of a combined surgery of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and modified jejunoileal bypass (JIB) on the body weight, food intake, and the plasma levels of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and total ghrelin of rats. Rats were divided into 3 groups in terms of different surgical protocol: SG-JIB (n=12), SG (n=12), JIB (n=12) and sham surgery groups (n=10). In SG-JIB group, rats was subjected to sleeve gastrectomy and end to side anastomosis of part of the jejunum (25 cm from the ligament of Treitz) to the ileum 25 cm proximal to the cecum. The body weight and food intake were evaluated during 10 consecutive weeks postoperatively. The levels of active GLP-1 and total ghrelin in the plasma of the rats were measured by ELISA assay. The results showed that the SG-JIB treated rats relative to SG- or JIB-treated ones produced a sustained reduction in food intake and weight gain. The level of active GLP-1 was elevated and total ghrelin level decreased in SG-JIB-treated rats as compared with SG- or JIB-treated ones. It was concluded that SG-JIB could efficiently reduce the body weight and food intake, alter obesity-related hormone levels of the rats, indicating that SG-JIB may be potentially used for the treatment of obesity.