OBJECTIVE To understand the application status of antimicrobials among inpatients in Fuyong Hospital. METHODS The amount and kinds of consumption of antimicrobials among inpatients from Jan to Jun 2005 were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS The pay for antimicrobials among inpatients occupied for 13.28% of total consumption,mainly for cephalosporins. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of antimicrobials is so high especially in doses and pays.

Objective To study the effects of different ranges of isokinetic quadriceps training for improving the func-tion of knee joint after total knee arthroplasty (TKA),and provide the theoretical and clinical experiences for the early reha-bilitation of TKA.Methods A total of 73 TKA cases were randomly allocated into 3 groups for isokinetic quadriceps train-ing with ranges of 0°-30° (n=25), 31°-60° (n=24) and 61°-90° (n=24). The isokinetic quadriceps training was for two months. The isokinetic muscle strength and the IKS scores were recorded before and after the training in three groups. Re-sults After training, the isokinetic muscle strength increased significantly in three groups (P<0.05). The IKS scores in-creased significantly only in 0°-30° training group after training (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IKS score before and after training in 31°-60° group and 61°-90°group. The IKS score after training was positively correlated with the isokinetic muscle strength only in 0°-30° group (P<0.05). Conclusion After TKA, isokinetic quadriceps training with a 0°-30° range of motion can improve the strength of quadriceps and the knee function.

Objective To explore the relationship of test anxiety status between the senior high school students and their parents before college examination entrance.And to study the method and effect of psychological intervention on test anxiety.Methods 315 grade 1 and 295 grade 3 of senior high school students were investigated by using Test Anxiety Scale(TAS),State Anxiety Inventory(S-AI) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS);and their Darents were investigated by SAS,S-AI.57 grade 3 of senior high school students and their 102 parents were tested before and after psychological intervention.Results Grade 3 of senior high school students and their parents acquired higher SAS.S-AI scores than grade 1 students and their parents(t=2.422～3.975,P<0.05,P＜O.01).The TAS scores of grade 3 students were higher than grade 1(P＜O.01).The correlative coefficient between students and parents were 0.641,0.759,0.733,0.824 respectively(P<0.01).The TAS,SAS,S-AI scores of grade 3 of senior high school students and the SAS,S-AI scores of their parents were descended significantly [(41.12±10.13)vs(49.24±11.80),(43.05±9.97)vs(49.01±11.29),(53.28±9.87)vs(58.55±10.20),(52.47±9.91)vs(59.18±11.75),t=2.861～4.456,P＜O.01].Conclusion There was higher anxiety level in grade 3 of senior high school students and their parents.The correlations was strong between themPsychological intervention on students together with their parents are effective to relax test anxiety level of senior high school students before college examination entrance.

Objective] To investigate the relationship between pain from malnutrition and MM, looking for a cure for MM.[Methods]To analyze the relationship between pain from malnutrition and MM in clinical TCM based on the study of Neijing and the textual works of famous Chinese physicians. According to the etiology and pathogenesis to find the treatment method, and validation from clinical cases. [Result]We find that the pain from malnutrition caused by deficiency of kidney and spleen is a major cause of MM by summarizing of the ancient physicians. And we tally up the invigorating kidney is an important method for the treatment of MM.[Conclusion]Pain from malnutrition is an important pathogenesis of MM. To a method of treating MM, invigorating kidney and spleen is obvious and this method for the treatment of MM will bring more help.

Several comparative studies on anti-implantation and estrogenicities of noret histerone oxime(NETO)and norethisterone(NET) or ethynyl estradiol (EE2)were carried out in order to clarify their relationships. It was observed that NETO was showed much stronger potency than NET, which the anti-implantation, uterotrophic and vaginal cornifi-cation effect were 25, 26, and 21 times, respectively. The ratio of anti-implantation to vaginal cornification of NETO was 14-fold stronger than that of EE2. These results suggest that the increased antiimplantative activity of NETO is related to its stronger estrogenic activity, but other mechanisms contribute to the anti-implantation besides estragenicity.

The Contents of EPA and DHA were enriched from fish oil by lower temperature crystallization. After first separation,the concentration of EPA and DHA went up to 50%-58% from 7%-15%,and to 73%-79%after sencond separation. The selection of solvents and conditions of crystallization were discussed.

Both the lecture based learning mode and problem based learning mode have their advantages and disadvantages in imparting knowledge and cultivating students'ability.Therefore according to the characteristics of clinical education,two kinds of methods should be used together to complement each other in clinical education of surgery so that knowledge can be systematically imparted to students through lecture based learning,and the abilities such as self-study,oral expression,cooperate and innovation can be cultivated through problem based learning to improve the quality of education.

AIM To study the effect of genistein (GST), a protein tyrosine kinases inhibitor, on L-type calcium channel currents (Iba,L or Ica,L, dependent on permeating ion used) in freshly dispersed colon smooth muscle cells from guinea-pig. METHODS Single colon smooth muscle cells were enzymatically dissociated from guinea-pig. L-type calcium currents were measured by conventional whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. RESULTS The peak amplitudes of Iba,L elicited to 10 mV test potential from a holding potential of -80 mV, were reversibly and dose-dependently reduced by GST (10-100 μmol·L-1) with an IC50 value of (39.9±3.6)μmol·L-1. Bath application of GST shifted the steady-state inactivation curves of Iba,L in a hyperpolarized direction (about 10 mV, P＜0.01) without altering their slopes. The peak amplitudes of Iba,L were also inhibited but to a less extent by daidzein, an inactive analogue of GST. Sodium orthovanadate 1 mmol·L-1, a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, blocked GST-induced inhibition of Ica,L. CONCLUSION GST can block L-type calcium channel activity in guinea-pig colon smooth muscle cells via tyrosine kinase pathway.

Objective To characterize the progression of segmental vitiligo.Methods Clinical data were collected using questionnaires from 387 patients with segmental vitiligo at the Department of Dermatology,Third People's Hospital of Hangzhou,between October 2011 and October 2012.The progression of segmental vitiligo was analyzed.Results Among the 387 patients,329 initially sufferred from focal vitiligo that evolved into segmental vitiligo later,58 began with segmental vitiligo.Vitiligo progressed most rapidly in the initial three months,and tended to be stable after three years in 220 (66.9％) of the 329 patients experiencing the evolution from focal to segmental vitiligo.By contrast,vitiligo developed most rapidly in the first month,and tended to be quiescent after one year in 40 (69.0％) of the 58 patients presenting with segmental vitiligo only.The condition still remained active in 27.6％ (107/387) of these patients after several years of progression.Totally,333 (86.0％) patients showed the involvement of single ganglion at the onset of vitiligo,including 173 (52.0％) patients with the involvement of trigeminal ganglion.Autologous melanocyte transplantation was conducted for 62 patients whose condition had been quiescent for more than one year,and 56 (90.3％) patients achieved more than 80％ repigmentation.Conclusions Segmental vitiligo,which tends to remain quiescent after three-year progression,seems to have a more rapid onset than focal vitiligo.Autologous melanocyte transplantation appears to be an effective treatment for segmental vitiligo in stable stage.