Purpose:To evaluate the immediate therapeutic effects and toxicities of intraperitoneal versus intravenous chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Sixty one patients were treated with intravenous chemotherapy of leucovorin (CF) , fluorouracil ( 5 Fu) etoposide (Vp16) and intraperitoneal chemotherapy of cis platinum (DDP) in advanced gastric cancer. The short term effects and toxicities were observed.Results:The overall response rate was 57.4% and the complete response rate was 9.8% of the 61 patients .Leukopenia was observed in 95.1%, thrombocy topentia were observed in 27.8% of patients . Other side effects were uncommon.Conclusions:Intravenous chemotherapy of ELF and intraperitoneal chemotherapy of DDP were effective for advanced gastric cancer and are worthy to be further studied.

Objective: To study the effect of wortmannin (WM), a PI3K/Akt inhibitor, on the proliferation and apoptosis of leukemia cells and the possible mechanism. Methods: Human leukemia cell line K562 was treated with different concentrations of WM. The proliferation of K562 cells was examined by MTT assay. DNA damage in K562 cells was examined by single cell gel electrophoresis assay, and apoptosis of K562 cells was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double-staining. The expressions of total Akt, phosphorate-Akt (p-Akt), and NF-κB p65 mRNA and protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results: WM inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with the IC((50) value of 24 h being 25 nmol/L. WM also induced apoptosis of K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. DNA damage in K562 cells was demonstrated by appearance of comet tail after treatment with WM, with the rate of DNA tail and the tail length being significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). WM dose-dependently inhibited P-Akt and NF-κB p65, but not the total Akt, mRNA and protein expressions. Conclusion: WM can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of K562 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, probably through down-regulation of phosphorate PI3K/Akt signal pathway and NF-κB expression.

Objective To study the regulation of aquaporin-1(AQP-1)changes in the heart of septic rats, compare the correlations of the AQP-1 with myocardial cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),and myocardial tissue water content,and to investigate the dexmedetomidine protective effect on myocardia in septic rats and its possible mechanism. Methods According to the random number table methods,90 male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into sham operation group,sepsis model group and dexmedetomidine group, 30 rats in each group. The rat sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP). In the sham operation group,the animal abdomen was only opened and closed without CLP. Half hour before operation in dexmedetomidine group,dexmedetomidine 1μg/kg(2μg/mL)was injected into the vein,while in the model and sham groups,saline 5 mL/kg was subcutaneously injected into the rat after the operation. At 2,12,24,48,72 hours after operation,6 rats were sacrificed and their hearts removed at one time point in a group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the content of AQP-1 and the levels of the TNF-α,IL-6 in the myocardial tissue homogenate at all time points,the myocardial tissue water content was detected by dry wet weight,and the correlations between AQP-1 and TNF-α,IL-6 and between AQP-1 and myocardial tissue water content were compared. Results From 2 hours after operation,the levels of the AQP-1,TNF-αand IL-6 in model group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group;with prolongation of time,the level of AQP-1 and myocardial tissue water content were decreased, but the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were persistently increased. From 2 hours after operation in dexmedetomidine group,all the above indexes except myocardial tissue water content at 72 hours after operation were significantly lower than those in the model group〔AQP-1(ng/g):9.29±0.15 vs. 9.73±0.26,TNF-α(pg/g):109.47±8.41 vs. 128.13±7.36,IL-6(pg/g):232.95±20.56 vs. 279.71±22.24,myocardial tissue water content:(74.82±6.37)%vs.(75.62±6.39)%,all P<0.05〕,but still higher than those of the sham operation group. The correlation analyses for the septic group showed that the change of AQP-1 was positively correlated to the myocardial water content in early stage(r=0.418,P=0.001)and later stage(r=0.235,P=0.022),and the changes of the AQP-1 in early stage (at post-operative 2 hours)were positively correlated to the concentration changes of the cytokines TNF-α(r=0.235,P=0.021)and IL-6(r=0.345,P=0.003),but in the later stage(at post-operative 72 hours)were negatively correlated with the changes of TNF-α(r=-0.408,P=0.037)and IL-6(r=-0.276,P=0.002). Conclusions In the early stage of septic rats,there is obvious myocardial injury,resulting in the over expression of AQP-1 and the occurrence of myocardial edema,dexmedetomidine can play a role in myocardial protection in such rats and its mechanism is possibly related to the reduction of the expression of AQP-1 and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, and in turn the alleviation of myocardial cell edema.

Objective To study the sensitivity and specifity for detection of bladder tumor by Narrow-band imaging flexible cystoscopy compared with WLI flexible systoscopy. Methods Between February 2009 and July 2009, NBI flexible cystoscopy and conventional WLI flexible cystoscopy with the same instrument (Olympus Exera Ⅱ endoscopy system) were both performed on 31 patients highly suspect of bladder neoplasm with same observed time and in a randomized sequenced paradigm. Every suspect mucosa lesion was biopsied in both NBI and WLI image to compare the diagnostic accuracy between them. Results Twenty-eight patients(90%) were pathologically bladder urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). Of 28 patients 3 were Tis, 15 were Ta, 7 were T1, and 3 were T2. Twenty were low grade carcinom, 8 were high grade carcinoma and 16 had multiple tumors, 12 had a single tumor.Of 73 biopsied lesions, 61 were diagnosed UCC under WLI image with 84% sensitivity, while 80 of 91 diagnosed under NBI image with 88% sensitivity. WLI detected 23 patients with bladder UCC while NBI detected all 28 patients. NBI detected 19 additional UCC lesions in 15 of 28 patients, as compared with WLI(P＜0. 05). Conclusion NBI flexible cystoscopy can detect more bladder urothelial cell carcinoma than WLI flexible cystoscopy.

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) is a new treatment method for intestinal diseases, especially for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection(CDI), which is very effective.It can reconstruct the intestinal flora of patients and effectively correct the disorder of intestinal flora.In recent years, the clinical application of fecal transplantation has been more and more extensive.This paper reviews the development history, operation process, clinical application and adverse reactions of fecal transplantation.

Objective:To investigate the effect of holistic thinking training mode on establishing clinical holistic thinking in endodontic practice teaching for students.Methods:Holistic thinking training mode was applied among Batch 2013 (group A, n=174) and Batch 2014 (group B, n=92) students of Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University. The teaching results were evaluated by the scores before and after the training and questionnaire, and by comparing their scores with those of Batch 2012 (group C, n=88) students. SPSS 20.0 was used to conduct one-way ANOVA and t test. Results:Compared the scores of students in group A with group B, the total scores before and after the training and the scores of "case report" were not statistically different, but the scores of holistic thinking were significantly improved after the training. Compared with the scores of students in group C, the total scores after the training and the "case report" scores of group A and B were significantly higher. The results of the questionnaire showed that 87.9%(153/174) of the students thought the training mode was conducive to the establishment of holistic thinking, but 77.6%(135/174) thought further improvement was needed in terms of content and time allocation.Conclusion:Holistic thinking training mode has a positive effect on the endodontic practice teaching, and is worth promoting in other departments after further improvement.

Objective To investigate current status of use of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in urban community of Beijing.Methods In total,3297 T2DM patients aged more than 20 years from 15 urban communities of Beijing were studied.Their body weight,height,fasting plasma glucose level and glycosylated hemoglobin Alc (HbAlc) were measured.A door-to-door questionnaire survey on use of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin was conducted for them.All the T2DM patients surveyed were divided into four groups based on their received intervention.Results ①Of 3279 T2DM patients,454 (13.8％) received lifestyle intervention,971 (29.5％) used only one oral hypoglycemic drug,1179 (35.7％) with combined oral hypoglycemic drugs,and 693(21.0％) with insulin.②There was significant difference in average HbAlc among the four groups of T2DM patients with lifestyle intervention,only one oral hypoglycemic drug,combined oral hypoglycemic drugs,and insulin,with HbAI c of (7.0 ± 1.9) ％,(7.1 ± 1.5) ％,(7.4 ± 1.5 ) ％,and (7.5 ± 1.5 ) ％for them,respectively ( F =15.1,P ＜ 0.01 ).Proportions of the T2DM patients with HbAlc equal to or higher than 7.0％ were 32.2％,39.4％,52.1％ and 59.5％ for the four groups,respectively ( x2 =117.7,P ＜ 0.01 ).③In the T2DM patients with lifestyle intervention,32.2％ (146/454) of them with HbA1 c equal to or higher than 7.0％ were untreated with any oral hypoglycemic drug.In those with only one oral hypoglycemic drug,39.4％ (383/971) of them with HbAlc equal to or higher than 7.0％ were not treated with combined oral hypoglycemic drugs and/or insulin.In those with combined oral hypoglycemic drugs,52.1％ (614/1079) of them with HbAlc equal to or higher than 7.0％ were not received combined insulin treatment.④ Fasting plasma glucose level,treatment strategies,postprandial 2-h blood glucose level and length of the illness were independent risk factors for HbAlc level equal to or higher than 7.0％,with odds ratio (OR) of 1.757,1.256,1.175 and 1.031,respectively.⑤ In 2843 T2DM patients with oral hypoglycemie drugs and/or insulin treatment,1494 (52.6％ ) received biguanides and 693 received (24.4％ )insulin,respectively.Conclusions More than half of adult patients with T2DM do not meet the target of glycemic control of HbAlc less than 7.0％ in urban communities of Beijing,due to not active use of oral hypoglycemic drugs,and not timely adoption of combined use of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin therapy.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Beijing urban communities.Methods Total 3316 subjects with type 2 diabetes (age 20-80 years) were recruited from 15 urban community health centers in Beijing using a multi-stage random sampling approach.Dyslipidemia was diagnosed according to Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults:2007 version.Results Among 3316 diabetic subjects (1329 malesand 1987 females),75.6％ (2506/3316) had dyslipidemia,the prevalence was 72.5％ (964/1329)in men and 77.6％ (1542/1987) in women.The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia was 41.9％ (1388/3316) and 48.1％ (1595/3316),respectively.31.5％ (1043/3316) subjects had high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and 21.2％ (703/3316) had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).Among all subjects with dyslipidemia only 22.9％ (575/2506) took hypolipid agents.The overall blood lipid control rates of triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),LDL-C and HDL-C in 1393 subjects with dyslipidemia history were 48.0％ (669/1393),17.4％ (242/1393),30.9％ (430/1393) and 75.8％ (1056/1393),respectively.Diabetics with dyslipidemia had higher body mass index,waist circumference,blood pressure,plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c.The prevalence of dyslipidemia in the overweight and uncontrolled-glucose group were 79.0％ (1678/2125),78.9％ (1756/2227),respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,age,body mass index and hemoglobin A1c were associated with dyslipidemia.Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia in diabetic subjects in Beijing urban communities is high and less than one quarter patients take hypolipid agents.Age,body mass index and hemoglobin A1c are the risk factors of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients.

【Objective:】 To explore the relationship between the moral courage of nurses in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the hospital ethical climate, and to provide a theoretical basis for enhancing the moral courage of ICU nurses. 【Methods:】 A total of 468 ICU nurses from 8 tertiary A hospitals in Shaanxi Province were selected as the subjects by convenience sampling method, and the General Information Form, Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, and Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale were used for the questionnaire survey. 【Results:】 A total of 468 questionnaires were distributed and 463 valid questionnaires were returned, with an effective recovery rate of 98.93%. The score of hospital ethical climate for ICU nurses was (100.69±19.76), and the score of moral courage was (83.67±15.48). There was a positive correlation between hospital ethical climate and moral courage (r=0.866, P<0.001). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that hospital ethical climate entered the influencing factor model of ICU nurses’ moral courage, which can independently explain 57% of the variation in ICU nurses’ moral courage. 【Conclusion:】 The moral courage of ICU nurses was at a medium level, and positively correlated with the hospital ethical climate, that is, the better the hospital ethical climate perceived by ICU nurses, the higher their level of moral courage. Nursing managers should focus on deepening the hospital ethical climate, and enhance the level of hospital ethical climate through scientific methods to promote the improvement of ICU nurses’ moral courage.