Objective To investigate the surgical management of scoliosis in neurofibromatosis Ⅰ type. Methods Since 1983, the results of surgical intervention of 31 consecutive patients for scoliosis in neurofibromatosis were reviewed. There were 19 males and 12 females. The mean age of the patients was 15.4 years (range, 5 to 25 years). The type of curve in scoliosis included thoracic curve in 23 patients, lumbar curve in 3 and thoracolumbar curve in 5. There were 6 cases of thoracic curves associated with kyphosis. The mean Cobb angle of scoliosis was 85.9? ranging from 45? to 145?, and the mean Cobb angle of kyphosis was 81.3? ranging from 43? to 120? before operation. The surgical methods included posterior operation in 17 patients, anterior operation in 2, and combination of anterior and posterior in 12. The instrumentation used for internal fixation included Harrington rod in 7 patients,Luque rod in 3, combination of Harrington and Luque rod in 5 patients, CD in 4 patients, CDH in 3 patients,TSRH in 7, and PRSS in 2, 10 cases of whom only single rod fixation were used. Results The patients were followed up for an average of 9.4 years (range, 1-18 years). The correction rate of Cobb angle in scoliosis was 33.4% in scoliosis, and 39.6% in kyphosis postoperatively. The complications of the group consisted of Luque rod breakage in 1 patient, Harrington rod breakage in 1, Harrington rod and Luque wire breakage in 1,nonunion of bone graft and pseudarthrosis in 4, curve aggravation in 1. One patient underwent revision for three times because of recurrent hook dislodgement. Conclusion Scoliosis in neurofibromatosis should be operated early, sufficient bone graft and the solid instrumentation for internal fixation are required.

Objective The study was to probe into the causes and strategies of decompensation after operation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in order to reduce the operative mistakes and be aware of pitfalls in scoliosis surgery.Methods From July1997to December2001,174patients underwent the operation of three-dimensional correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,ten of them developed postoperative decom-pensation.Other four patients with postoperative decompensation were referred to our hospital,who received the primary operation for idiopathic scoliosis at the local hospital.In all,fourteen patients with decompensa-tion were retrospectively reviewed including3male and11female cases aging from12to23years(range,15.7years).The criteria of postoperative decompensation was defined as trunk shift more than2mm,shoul-der tilting,aggravated distal lumbar rotation in coronal plane,the plumb line of center of C 7 deviating the from the posterior edge of S 1 and kyphosis of thoracic-lumbar junction more than10degree in sagittal plane.Results The analysis was made depending on preoperative and postoperative X-ray films,the causes of de-compensation after surgery included classification error,inappropriate fusion level,over correction for tho-racic curve and insufficient knowledge of lumbosacral hemicurve in this group.According to the patientssubjective symptoms and decompensation conditions,ten of the patients were treated surgically,which in-cluded re-fusion and fixation for3patients,fusion level extension for6patients and fusion of the upper tho-racic curve after removing major thoracic curve instrumentation for one patient.The other four patients re-ceived conservative therapy with brace.The patients were followed up from1to3years(average,18.9months),except one case followed up to6months.Twelve patients regained spinal balance;two patients re-mained more than20mm trunk shift.Conclusion Although operative treatment is frequently used for idio-pathic scoliosis,it is important to recognize the necessity for operative intervention,indication for surgery.The adolescent idiopathic scoliosis should be operated according to the curve type and flexibility,the appro-priate fusion level and operative procedures can contribute to lessen the postoperative decompensation.If postoperative decompensation occurs,therapeutic decision should be made according to subjective symptoms and the decompensation type of the patients.

Objective To observe the expression of the transforming growth factor beta 1, the basic fibroblast growth factor and the core protein of proteoglycan on the convex and concave sides of apex and end vertebral cartilagnous endplate in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Methods There were 12 cases in the study group. There were 4 males and 8 females. The age of patients at the surgery ranged from 12 to 20 years(with an average of 14.9 years). The Cobb angle ranged 43? to 102? (mean, 65.1?) preoperatively. The diagnosis of idiopathic scolisis was made based on radiography, CTM and/or MRI to rule out congenital, neuromyeputhic and other scolisis. All patients underwent anterior correction procedures. The sections of the convex and concave side of the resected apex and end vertebral cartilage endplate were examined with S-P immunohistochemistry and the results were analyzed with image analysis system. Results The transforming growth factor beta 1, the basic fibroblast growth factor and the core protein of proteoglycan were all expressed in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes in the cartilaginous endplate. With non-parameter Wilcoxon rank test, the area density and quantity density of the transforming growth factor beta 1, the basic fibroblast growth factor on the concave curve of the apex and end vertebrae are expressed in a significantly higher level than those of the convex curve at the apex and end vertebrae(P0.05). Conclusion There was a significantly higher expression of TGF?1 and bFGF, while a lower expression of the core protein on the concave side, which suggest a possible aetiological factor or a secondary change in the development of AIS.

Objective To observe the protective effect of Weishu Powder(WP) on hepatic injury induced by pentachloronitrobenzene(PCNB).Methods SD rats were randomized into 4 groups: normal group,model group,high-dosage WP group(in the dose of 2.50 g?kg-1 ?d-1) and low-dosage WP group(in the dose of 1.25 g?kg-1 ?d-1).Except the normal group,the other three groups received gastric gavage of PCNB 400 mg?kg-1 ?d-1 for 15 continuous days.After treatment,hepatic index was assayed,serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) levels and hepatic malondialdehyde(MDA) content were detected,and hepatic pathological examination was also carried out.Results Hepatic index,serum GOT and ALP levels,and hepatic MDA content were increased(P

To study the effect of Erigeron breviscapini on chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and mechanism，the hypoxic rats were injected intraperitoneally with Erigeron breviscapini. The mPAP，the content of serum nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured 5，14 and 28 days after intraperitoneal injection of Erigeron breviscapini in hypoxia respectively，and were compared with those in the single hypoxic group. The results showed that the contents of serum mPAP and ET-1 were higher，and serum NO was lower in single hypoxic group than in the normal rats (both P<0.01). The contents of serum mPAP and ET-1 were lower and NO was higher in the Erigeron breviscapini-treated group than in the single hypoxic group (P<0.01). It was suggested that Erigeron breviscapini could reduce the hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by increasing NO and decreasing ET-1 of serum. Erigeron breviscapini could be used to treat hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of bladder cancer.MethodsFrom October 2012 to August 2015, 92 patients with bladder cancer were enrolled in our hospital.Patients were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method.On the basis of routine nutrition support and symptomatic treatment, cisplatin was administered by intravenous infusion of cisplatin 70mg/m2 in the first 3d in control group.On the 1d and 8d, gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 was intravenously infused in observation group and 21 days treatment was taken continuous for 2 courses.Curative effect, IL-17, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and urinary TGF-β1 levels and adverse reactions of two groups were comparatively studied.ResultsThe total effective rate in the control group (63.05%) was significantly lower than that in the observation group (76.09%) (P<0.05).After treatment, the levels of serum IL-17, IL-18, TGF-β1 and VEGF in the two groups were significantly decreased and with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).The levels of urinary TGF-β1 were significantly increased and with significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the control and observation groups was 15.22% and 6.52%, respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionGemcitabine combined with cisplatin has a significant clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of bladder cancer.

The glomerular synapses of the substantia gelatinosa in the spinal trigeminal nucleus of the rat were examined by electron microscopy. The central axonal ending in the glomcruli forms asymmetrical axodendritic synapses on adjacent type 1 and type 2 dendrites. Type 2 dendritic spines or shafts (dendrites which contain synaptic vesicles) form dendrodendritic synapses on Type 1 dendritic spine or shafts (dendrites without synaptic vesicles) and also form dendroaxonic synapses on the central ending. The peripheral terminals (P) form symmetrical axoaxonic synapses on the central ending and form axodendritic synapses on the dendrites in the glomeruli.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of Weishu Powder (WP) on acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl_4) in mice. 【Methods】 Fifty mice were randomized to normal control group (group A), model group (group B), bifendate pills group (group C), low-dose WP group (group D) and high-dose WP group (group E). The mice in the above groups were fed with the corresponding drugs by gastric infusion for 7 days. On the 8th day of feeding, the mice except those in group A were given 0.5% CCl_4 peanut oil solution (10 mL/kg) by intraperitoneal injection. Sixteen hours later, liver weight, serum level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and necrotic focus amount in the liver were observed. 【Results】 As compared with the normal group, liver weight, serum ALT level and necrotic focus amount were increased in model mice with CCl_4-induced acute liver injury (P

BACKGROUND:Oligodendrocytes are mostly differentiated from oligodendrocyte precursor cel s. A suitable medium and cel seeding density have a significant impact on the process of the isolation of oligodendrocyte precursor cel s to obtain oligodendrocytes. OBJECTIVE:To explore the optimization of oligodendrocyte culture conditions. METHODS:Oligodendrocyte precursor cel s isolated from the newborn rats 48 hours after birth were cultured in DMEM/high glucose medium or DMEM/F12 medium using seeding densities of 2×104 cel s/cm2, 4×104 cel s/cm2, 8×104 cel s/cm2, 16×104 cel s/cm2, 32×104 cel s/cm2, and 64×104 cel s/cm2, respectively. Oligodendrocyte precursor cel s were induced to differentiate into oligodendrocytes at 72 hours after cel adhesion. Morphology of differentiated oligodendrocyte precursor cel s were observed under a light microscope, and the differentiation results were identified by immunofluorescence staining after 7-day induced differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Morphology of oligodendrocyte precursor cel s were recognized when cultured in DMEM/high glucose medium or DMEM/F12 medium using seeding densities of 2×104 cel s/cm2, 4×104 cel s/cm2, and 8×104 cel s/cm2, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining showed that myelin basic protein-positive cel s were found after 7-day induced differentiation, and the positive cel number were 16.40±3.30, 49.95±2.33, and 76.95±4.86 in DMEM/F12 medium, and 12.65±2.53, 32.10±1.17, and 54.05±1.56 in DMEM/high glucose medium (P<0.05). These findings indicate that DMEM/F12 medium is more suitable for culturing oligodendrocyte precursor cel s compared with DMEM/high glucose medium to some extent. The number of differentiated oligodendrocytes was gradual y increased with the enhanced seeding density of oligodendrocyte precursor cel s, and the seeding densities from 4×104 to 8×104 cel s/cm2 were appropriate for the observation of cel morphology.

Background Retinal microvascular pericytes (RMPs) have been played increasing attention as an emerging key in pathogenesis of various retinal angiogenic diseases including diabetic retinopathy,and RMPs are thought to be a potential target for treatment.Yet the study has been hindered by the difficulty of obtaining source of tissue and isolating pure population.Objective This study was to establish a simple method of isolation,purification and cultivation of primary RMPs for rat.Methods Eyeballs were extracted from clean male Sprague Dawley rats and immersed by 75％ alcohol for 1 minute.The retinas were isolated and mechanical morcel.Trypsin (2.5 g/L) was firstly used and followed by type Ⅰ collagenase (2 g/L) for the digestion of the retina for 15 minutes,respectively.Retinal microvascular fragments were screened by 100 μm and 55 μm filter screen.DMEM containing 20％ fetal bovine serum was added for the cultivation and passaged of the cells.The cells were purified by exchanging medium and partial enzymatic digestion.The morphology and growth status were monitored under the phase contrast microscope,and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β),yon Willebrand factor (vWF),glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibodies were used for the identification of RMPs.Results RMPs migrated out of fragments after 24-48 hours of plating.On day 7,RMPs appeared in primary cultures as loose colonies.The cells reached confluence to about 80％-90％ on day 14-16.The subcultures grew faster than the primary and reached confluence on day 12-14.The culture showed typical morphology of pericyte with large irregular triangular cell body and multiple long processes,and they could be repeatedly passaged 9 times without obvious loss of characteristic phenotype.Fluorescence assay exhibited that 96％ of the cells showed positive immunofluorescence for α-SMA and PDGFR-β,confirming the purity of RMPs in culture.However,only a few of them were positive for GFAP and the cells response for vWF was absent.Conclusions High purity of rat RMPs can be obtained easily by our method without high cost-consuming.Hcrc wc cstablished a simple mcthod for the primary culture of rat RMPs.