Objective　To explore the microorganism contaminat ion situation and disease incidence in family and requirements of disinfection. Methods　The sanitation conditions in 212 families in Shanghai were investigated, and 200 of them were taken samples for microbiolo gical test. Re sults　I n recent a year, members in 82.1% of families caught diseases caused by microorg anism infection. Only 18.4% of families usually used disinfectant, the disinfect ed object mostly was dishware. 22.8% of samples was contaminated seriously. Fungus was detected in 63.9% of samples. The average positive rate of HBsAg was 4.2%. Conclusions　Domestic environment was potentially cont aminated by microorganism.

This article introduces a American Nati onal Standard-Safe use and han dling of glutaraldehyde-based products in health care institution. It pro vides g uidelines for the safe use and handling of glutaraldehyde as a disinfectant and sterilant in heath care institution by design consideration, proper work practi ces, information on properties and vapor monitoring of glutaraldehyde, and perso nnel qualifications, training, protective attire and health consideration.

Objective To investigate the effects of shipment type turning treatment on complications, pain and rehabilitation for hip replacement. Methods A total of 76 cases of replacement surgery ( THA ) patients from January 2012 to December 2013 were randomly divided into the observation group(n=38) and the control group ( n=38 ) . The control group was treated with traditional stand up care. The observation group underwent shipment type turning. Pain, complications and comfort of two groups were compared. Results In the observation group, eighteen patients had level 0 pain, fourteen patients had levelⅠpain, four patients had levelⅡpain, and two patients had levelⅢpain, which were significantly better than those of the control group (U=12. 799, P<0. 05). The patients′ comfort and working labor of nursing staff were significantly better in the observation group than those in the control group (U=33. 909, 15. 867, respectively;P<0. 05). In the observation group, one patient (2. 63%) had constipation, no patient (0. 00%) had lower limb vein infarction, one patient (2. 63%) had luxation, one patient (2. 63%) had pressure ulcer, which were significantly lower than those of the control group (χ2 =6. 176, 4. 222, 4. 222, 3. 934, 5. 352, respectively;P<0. 05). The score of satisfaction in the observation group was (95.68 ±3.48), and time of body-tuning was (22.89 ±10.25)s. There were significant differences between the two groups (t = 3. 996, 4. 125, respectively;P < 0. 05). Conclusions The shipment type turning can not only improve nurses′ work efficiency, reduce labor intensity and pain, but also increase patients′comfort and satisfaction, and reduce complications.