Objective To select the indexes from the related literatures to form an appraising table sheet,and to provide the surveillance of imported dengue fever with a scientific,useful,easy operating and quantified appraising tool.Methods Delphi model was adopted to concentrate the advices of the experts specializing in the field of dengue fever.The engaged experts scaled all of the indexes,and gave the importance value to each index by the importance grade value of 5,3,and 1.Results According to the advices of the experts,9 indexes were eliminated from the 59 given third grade indexes,and 50(84.7%) of them were retained.The experts put the importance of the average weight value of 3.50 to the whole appraising table sheet,3.85 to the first grade indexes,3.56 to the second grade indexes,and 3.44 to the third grade indexes.The harmony coefficient on the indexes system was 0.33(P

A reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous analysis of 23 kinds of phenolic components in water extract of porpolis (WEP) was developed. The separation was performed on ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C_(18) column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution. The mobile phase consisted of ethanol with 0.1% formic acid at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelengths were 256 and 280 nm. The injection volume was 20 μL, and the column temperature was maintained at 35 ℃. The method showed good linear relationship, precision and repeatability. The recoveries were between 93.3% and 106.6%. Eighteen Reference compounds were detected in WEP of Hehei by this method. The content of Catechin was the highest(30.50 mg/g), the next was 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid (15.41 mg/g). Nine Reference compounds were detected in WEP of Yunnan. The content of catechin was also the highest (11.23 mg/g), the next was chrysin (15.41 mg/g). Similarity of WEPs between the products of Hebei and Yunnan were 0.099 (256 nm) and 0.194 (280 nm). The chemical compositions of two WEPs were remarkably different.

A comprehensive, geometrically accurate, nonlinear C0-T1 three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed for the biomechanical study of human cervical spine and related disorders. The model was developed with anatomic detail from the computed tomography (CT) images of a 46-year-old female healthy volunteer, and applied the finite element model processing softwares such as MIMICS13.1, Hypermesh11.0, Abaqus 6.12-1, etc., for developing, preprocessing, calculating and analysing sequentially. The stress concentration region and the range of motion (ROM) of each vertebral level under axial rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending under physiologic static loadings were observed and recorded. The model was proven reliable, which was validated with the range of motion in previous published literatures. The model predicted the front and side parts of the foramen magnum and contralateral pedicle and facet was the stress concentration region under physiological loads of the upper spine and the lower spine, respectively. The development of this comprehensive, geometrically accurate, nonlinear cervical spine FE model could provide an ideal platform for theoretical biomechanical study of human cervical spine and related disorders.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rotation

Objective To investigate the social support of clinical nurses in second-level hospitals in remote areas of Tibet, and to explore the influencing factors, so as to provide the basis for nursing managers to develop targeted interventions. Methods A total of 212 nurses were selected by convenient holistic sampling method and investigated by self-designed questionnaire and social support rating scale. Results The total score of social support of clinical nurses was (30.72 ± 6.78) points. The main influencing factors of social support were educational background(F=4.602),ages(F=2.694),working years (F=2.387), budgeted posts(t=2.391), income(F=3.112) and marital status (F=2.636). Difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions The social support of clinical nurses in second-level hospitals in remote areas of Tibet is low. It is important to establish a relatively perfect social support system according to the difference of nurses working conditions and geographical to improve their work enthusiasm and satisfaction rate.

Objective To research the status of awareness to the risk informed system and compare the differences between nurses and patients .Thus, we can provide an identifiable ground to improve the system and the implementation capacity among nurses .Methods Self-designed questionnaire about informed nursing risks were distributed to 245 nurses and 200 patients.Results A total of 445 questionnaires were distributed , and 445 questionnaires were returned , with an effective rate of 100%.All the nurses took a supportive attitude on the risk informed system.65.00%nurses believed that the system had a positive impact on the nurse-patients relationship.97.14%nurses thought that the risk should be informed by the charge nurse .As for the patients, 98.0% patients thought that there were risks during nursing process , so the healthcare professionals should inform the risks.41.5% patients read the notification before sign it .There were significant differences in the informed place, method, object, subject and whether they can read the notification and take the initiative to ask questions and cooperate (P<0.05).Conclusions There was significant difference in the awareness of risk informed system between nurses and patients .Hospital administrators should fully consider the importance of training the nurses’ knowledge and ability, and they should develop standardized nurses ’ risk informed system. The nurses should pay attention to the patients ’ requirements in order to develop the form of inform method . Finally, we can establish an effective nursing risk prevention barrier .

Objective To explore the effects of teaching method of combining PBL with CBS on nosocomial infection education. Methods The study investigated 70 practice nurses and the participants were divided into two groups by random number method and compared their educational outcomes. The patients of observation group (n=35) was taught by PBL with CBS method in nosocomial infection education;the patients of control group ( n =35 ) was taught by normal teaching method. Results The test scores of nosocomial infection knowledge in the observation group and the control group were (85. 97 ± 7. 88) and (71. 23 ± 9. 91);the scores of nosocomial infection practical skills were (93. 92 ± 4. 96) and (80. 78 ± 7. 43) (P<0. 01). In effects evaluation of the clarity of the teaching objectives, the difference of the observation group and the control group had no significance (82. 86% vs. 71. 43%;P>0. 05). However, the patients of observation group were better on learning enthusiasm, communication skills, problem analyzing and solving skills, and logical thinking compared with the patients of control group (P < 0. 05). The percentage of hand hygiene was 69. 90%(39. 47% passed) in the observation group, and 36. 54% (15. 79% passed) in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusions The teaching method of combining PBL with CBS is effective on improving students′comprehensive capacity, learning enthusiasm, and the knowledge as well as the practical skills of nosocomial infection.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) refers to using the intestinal microorganisms present in the feces or processed feces from healthy people for treating various types of diseases, such as digestive and metabolic diseases. The rapid development of metagenomic and culturomic technologies in gut microbiome analysis provides powerful tools for the FMT research and its clinical applications. Metagenomics technologies comprehensively revealed the diversity and functions of gut microbiota under health and disease conditions, while culturomics technologies helped isolation and identification of "unculturable" bacteria in the human gut under conventional culture conditions. The combination of these two technologies not only enabled us better understand the FMT regularities of cause and effect in clinical practices, but also effectively promoted its applications. Considering the above advantages, this article summarized the applications of metagenomics and culturomics technologies in FMT and prospected its future development trend.
Humans ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Metagenomics ; Feces/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Bacteria