Objective:To study the efficacy of ribavirin injections combined with Tanreqing in the treatment of children with epi-demic parotitis. Methods:From January 2012 to September 2013, 128 children with mumps in our hospital were selected and random-ly divided into the treatment group and the control group with 64 cases in each. The control group was intravenously given ribavirin in-jections, 5-7. 5 mg·kg-1 , ivd, bid, and the treatment group was given Tanreqing injections additionally, 0. 25-0. 4 ml·kg-1 ·d-1 , ivd,qd. After the 5-day treatment, the extinction time of parotid swelling and pain, defervesce time and the decrease of TNF- α and CRP were observed in the two groups. Results: The total effective rate in the treatment group was 93. 8%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (84. 4%) with significant difference (P<0. 05). The extinction time of parotid swelling and pain and defervesce time in the treatment group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0. 05). After the treatment, TNF- α and CRP in the two groups were significantly decreased (P<0. 05), and the decrease in the treatment group was much notable than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Ribavirin injections combined with Tanreqing in the treatment of children with mumps can significantly shorten the extinction time of parotid swelling and pain and defervesce time, and inhibit TNF-αand CRP with significant effect, which is valuable in clinical promotion and application.

This article summarizes recent years’ advances in the study of the immunoregulatory mechanism of acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and shows that RA occurrence involves a complex process in which immunocytes, cytokines, Immunoreactive substances and neuro-endocrino-immune network participate together. The article proposes that the future study should utilize the newest achievements in modern medical development and conduct a thorough and systematic investigation from multiple disciplines, levels and angles to promote the study of the immunoregulatory mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in RA treatment and make traditional acupuncture-moxibustion therapy still play its unique advantages in the RA field.

Objective To investigate the atypical CT ,MRI findings of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) ,in order to improve diagnosis .Methods The clinical ,imaging and pathological data of 6 patients with PanNETs confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively .Results In all 6 cases ,2 lesions were located in the pancreatic head ,3 lesions in the pancreatic body ,and 1 lesion in the pancreatic tail .There were 2 functional PanNETs with an average size of 2 .1 cm × 2 .6 cm ,which showed homogeneous density or signal .There were 4 nonfunctional PanNETs with an average size of 2 .7 cm × 4 .3 cm ,one of which had calcification ,and two of which had obviously cystic change ,including intracapsular bleeding in one case .Contrast‐enhanced examinations showed that all 6 lesions had mild or moderate enhancement .Three lesions were manifested as relatively intense enhancement in the arterial and portal venous phase ,but decreased enhancement in the delayed phase ,including annular envelope enhancement in one case .Two le‐sions were manifested as progressive enhancement .The last case was manifested as inwardly filled enhancement .Three lesions had unclear boundaries ,while one lesion had splenic vein invasion .Two cases accompanied with mild expansion of the common bile duct or pancreatic duct .Conclusion PanNETs can be ma+nifested as atypical findings such as obviously cystic changes ,and(or) mild to moderate enhancement .It is suggested that the atypical imaging findings of PanNETs should be recognized well to improve the diag‐nostic accuracy .

Objective To observe the effect of Xuebijing injection on blood coagulation in patients with sepsis. Methods 300 patients with sepsis were randomly divided into control group and Xuebijing injection treatment group(each,150 cases). According to the guidelines of treatment for sepsis,the conventional treatment was given to both groups,and additionally Xuebijing injection 50 mL plus normal saline 100 mL intravenous drip was applied in the treatment group,twice a day for consecutive 7 days. Before treatment and after treatment for 3 days and 7 days,platelet count(PLT),four items of blood coagulation〔prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen (Fib)and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)〕,D-dimer levels and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)incidence were observed in the two groups. Results Before treatment,the levels of Fib,PT,TT,APTT, PLT,D-dimer and the incidence of DIC had no significant differences between the two groups(all P>0.05);after treatment,the levels of PT,TT,APTT,D-dimer and the DIC incidence were significantly lower than those before treatment,while Fib and PLT were significantly enhanced after treatment,and on the 7th day after treatment,the changes in Xuebijing group were more obvious〔Fib(g/L):3.02±0.51 vs. 2.53±0.56,PT(s):13.82±1.91 vs. 16.03±1.68,TT(s):13.85±1.94 vs. 16.03±1.65,APTT(s):39.47±4.73 vs. 42.75±5.24,PLT(×109/L):118.10±15.80 vs. 99.77±15.67,D-dimer(mg/L):3.17±0.26 vs. 3.66±0.50,DIC incidence:5.3%(8/150)vs. 14.0%(21/150),P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. Conclusion Xuebijing injection can improve the hypercoagulable state and reduce the incidence of DIC in patients with sepsis.

Objective To investigate the alteration of the cytoskeleton of airway smooth muscle cells in young asthmatic rats with airway remodeling and the effect of RhoA/ROCK signal pathway.Methods Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were primary cultured and purified from Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats that were induced by ovalbumin (OVA) inhalation for 8w,then incubated by Pho kinase inhibitor Y27632.Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemistry were used to measure the alteration of F-actin,and α-tubulin in the cytoskeleton of airway smooth muscle.Results (1) The asthma group showed a high average gray value of F-actin in ASMC than control groups,especially 8 weeks;and were significantly down in the group after adding Y27632(P ＜0.01).(2) The intension and intensity of fluorescence signal of α-tubulin in asthma groups in 8 weeks were higher than control greup(P ＜0.01),and were significantly decreased in Y27632 group.(3) A higher expression of α-tubulin protein was shown in the asthma group in 8 weeks relative to control group(P ＜0.01),and was significantly down-regulated in Y27632 group(P ＜0.05).Conclusions Alteration of the cytoskeleton of airway smooth muscle exists in young asthmatic rats and the RhoA/ROCK signal pathway possibly plays a significant role.

Meridian syndromes are the required basic knowledge for mastering Science of Meridians, Collaterals and Acupoints but have not brought the adequate attention on the teaching program. The writers discovered' that the content of this section occupied a decisive role for developing the students' clinical thinking ability and, stimulating their interests to learn classical TCM theories. It's necessary to enhance the importance on meridian syndromes during teaching program. The teaching program was discussed in three aspects, named workshop pattern, competitive pattern and multimedia pattern. This teaching method may improve students' interests in the study on classical TCM theories, deepen the understanding on knowledge and motivate students' learning autonomy so that the teaching quality can be improved.
Acupuncture ; education ; Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Learning ; Meridians ; Teaching ; methods

Objective:To seek the short term standardization study nurses training education content and the ap-proach to learning, provide theoretical basis for improving the study effect of nurse training.Methods:Choosing 3 ~6 months in 2014 in our hospital study questionnaire survey was conducted among 114 nurses, questionnaire by general in-formation, content of training needs, demand method of three parts and using SPSS19.0 to analyze the collected data. Results:The 82.7%of study nurses think pre-service training is very necessary.Pre-service training demand of the top three comprises:occupational protection (82.7%), health care, with communication skills (80.0%) and infection prevention and control (78.2%).Refresher training needs during the top three in turn:specialized rescue of critically ill patients and cooperation (88.2%), clinical application and nursing adverse event processing (79.1%), effective communication nurses and patients (79.1%).Demand content score between the different degree and the title of ad-vanced nurse was statistically difference (P<0.05).The training methods, in the first three order practice (89.10%), seminar (74.5%), case analysis and discussion (67.30%).Conclusion:According to the study demand of nurse stand-ardized training content and ways of learning, considering the influence factors such as education, job title, targeted training plan, improve the effect of short-term training.

Objective To translated the Male Osteoporosis Assessment Questionnaire (OPAQTM) into Chinese and test the validity and reliability of it.Methods Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original OPAQTM was performed according to the published guidelines.A total of 122 male osteoporosis patients in Xi'an city were included in item analysis,exploratory factor analysis and criterion-related validity and reliability analysis of this Chinese version of OPAQTM.Results A 7-factor structure with 37 items was identified through item analysis and exploratory factor analysis,which explained 73.943％ of the total variance.The ratio of convergent validity of each dimension was exceeded 0.90 and exceeded 0.95 for discriminant validity.The Cronbach's α coefficient for the total OPAQTM score was 0.956.The split-half for the overall scale was 0.858.The test-retest reliability was 0.760 for the overall scale.In relation to criterion validity,the Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.485 to 0.867 between the Chinese version of OPAQTM and the corresponding dimensions of 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-12),which were significantly correlated,P ＜ 0.01.Conclusions The Chinese version of OPAQTM appears to possess adequate validity and internal consistency.The newly translated Chinese version of OPAQTM may be used to assess the quality of life of male osteoporosis patients in China.

Objective We aimed to investigate the community nurses' awareness of health policy,related behaviors and paths of learning.Methods A total of 150 community nurses were enrolled in this study by answering a self-completion questionnaire.The survey contents included general conditions of nurses,awareness,related behaviors and paths of learning of community health policy.Results 91.7％ of the respondents believed that heahh policy was important or very important,but only 10.4％ of the respondents understood health policy fully.71.5％ said that they would lecture patients health policy actively and 70.8％ would lecture their colleagues actively.51.4％ respondents would like to take part in policy-making if they were allowed.Education background,professional title and the awareness of health policy were factors of community nurses' policy related behaviors.They learned health policy by working meeting,training and documents.Conclusions It is necessary to improve their school record and adjust their professional title,to strengthen the publicity of health policy by broaden channels of publicity.By these,community nurses' awareness of health policy would be improved,their policy related behaviors would be promoted.Further,the health policy would be well delivered and implemented.

Pregnant women are a group of people in a special period, once sudden cardiac arrest (CA) occurs, it will threaten the life of both mother and child. It has become a great challenge for hospital, doctors and nurses to minimize maternal mortality during pregnancy. All the efforts should ensure the safety of both mother and child throughout the perinatal period. Because difference of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation strategies for common CA patients of the same age, the resuscitation strategies for CA patients during pregnancy need consider the patient's gestational age and fetal condition. Different resuscitation techniques, such as manual left uterine displacement (MLUD), will involve perimortem cesarean delivery (PMCD). At the same time, drugs should be reasonably used for different causes of CA during pregnancy, such as hypoxemia, hypovolemia, hyperkalemia or hypokalemia and other electrolyte disorders and hypothermia in 4Hs, as well as thrombosis, pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax and toxicosis in 4Ts. In view of the fact that many causes of CA in pregnancy are preventable, it is more necessary to introduce guidelines for CA in pregnancy in line with our national conditions for clinical guidance. This paper systematically reviewed the pathophysiological characteristics of CA during pregnancy, the high-risk factors of CA during pregnancy, and identified the correct resuscitation methods and prevention and treatment strategies of CA during pregnancy.