Objective:To establish the determination methods for 5-HMF during the processing of polygonatums by HPLC and GC-MS. Methods:The contents of 5-HMF during the processing of three species of polygonatum were determined by HPLC and GC-MS, and the correlation curve of the processing time and the contents was established to study the change regularity of 5-HMF during the processing. Results:The contents of 5-HMF in the three species of polygonatum processed by steamed and stewed methods reached the peak value in 16h or so. The 5-HMF contents in the three species of polygonatum showed significant difference in the order of Polygo-natum cyrtonema Hua>Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. >Polygonatum. sibiricum Red. After the processing, the content of 5-HMF was increased, and the increase in stewed method was more notable than that in steamed method. Conclusion: The study pro-vides theoretical basis for the further study on the processing of polygonatum.

Reperfusion injury occurs after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with cardiac arrest (CA), which leads to multiple organ dysfunction, called post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). PCAS is closely related to the prognosis of CA patients, and is an independent risk factor of survival. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment is critical for improving prognosis of PCAS. In order to guide and standardize integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnosis and treatment in PCAS among clinicians, nurses and research personnel in China, the Emergency Medicine Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine has established an expert group to determine 14 clinical issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of PCAS with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine through clinical survey. The working group formulates a search strategy for each clinical issue according to the PICO principle. Chinese and English literature were searched from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The grade of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) were used to form the level of evidence and recommendation. When the literature evidence was insufficient, the recommendations and level of recommendation were formed after expert discussion. Combined with the aspects of generalizability, suitability, and resource utilization, the expert consensus developed 28 recommendations around the 14 aspects of three stages of PCAS, including early circulation, respiratory support and reversible cause relief, mid-term neuroprotection, improvement of coagulation, prevention and treatment of infection, kidney and gastrointestinal protection and blood sugar control, post rehabilitation treatment, providing references for the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine of the diagnosis and treatment for PCAS.

OBJECTIVE To establish the met hod for the purific ation of test sample of Banxialu granules ，and to determine the contents of 4 ephedrine components such as ephedrine ，pseudoephedrine，norpseudoephedrine and methylephedrine. METHODS Three batches of Banxialu granules were extracted with methanol（containing 1％formic acid ）and pretreated with QuEChERS method of N-propyl ethylenediamine adsorbent （PSA）and octadecyl bonded silica gel adsorbent （C18）. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS）was adopted. The separation was performed on an Agilent XDB-C 18 column with 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution （containing 0.1％ formic acid ）-acetonitrile as mobile phase（gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.40 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃，and sample size was 2 μL. The electrospray ionization source was adopted ，and positive ion scanning was performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The ion pairs used for quantitative analysis were m/z 166.2→148.1（ephedrine，pseudoephedrine），m/z 152.2→134.1（norpseudoephedrine）， m/z 180.2→162.2（methylephedrine）. RESULTS The solution obtained by QuEChERS purification method was clear and nearly colorless. The linear ranges of ephedrine ， pseudoephedrine， norpseudoephedrine and methylephedrine were 1.38-206.82， 1.41-212.13，1.29-19.34，1.99-59.83 ng/mL（r＞0.99）. The limits of detection were 0.41，0.42，0.39 and 0.60 ng/mL. The limits of quantitation were 1.38 ，1.41 ，1.29 and 1.99 ng/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability（48 h）and repeatability tests were all lower than 2％. The average recoveries were 95.75％-100.87％（RSD＜2％，n＝9）. The contents of above 4 ephedrine components were 20.62-26.02，20.96-24.90，2.26-2.63，5.36-6.32 μg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS Established method is simple ，rapid，sensitive and suitable for simultaneous determination of 4 ephedrine components in Banxialu granules.

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression levels of terminal complement complex (C5b-9) and CD62p on platelets and the soluble C5b-9 (sC5b-9) level in serum in patients with PNH or PNH-aplastic anemia (AA).

METHODSSerum levels of sC5b-9, complement C3 and C4 were detected by using ELISA in 25 patients with PNH/PNH-AA. The quantities of C5b-9 and CD62p on the membrane of platelets were detected by flow cytometry.

RESULTS①In PNH/PNH-AA group, the serum sC5b-9 level [390.27(265.73-676.87) μg/L] was lower than that in control group [540.39(344.20-1 576.78) μg/L] (P<0.01). ②The platelet PNH clone (CD59⁻CD61⁺/CD61⁺) size [50.58(23.29-81.60)%] was bigger in the PNH/PNH-AA group than that [23.57(15.58-29.02)%] in control group (P<0.01). The percentages of C5b-9 deposition (C5b-9⁺CD61⁺/CD61⁺) were higher on the PNH clone platelets (CD59⁻CD61⁺) in the PNH/PNH-AA group [(17.53 ± 6.27)%] than those on the normal platelets (CD59⁺CD61⁺) in PNH patients 11.33±5.03）%］ and control [(10.88±3.58)%] group (P<0.01). ③ The expression of CD62p (CD62p⁺CD61⁺/CD61⁺) on PNH clone platelets in PNH patients [(61.98 ± 11.71)%] was higher than that on the normal platelets in PNH patients [(43.76±11.30)%] and control group [(38.23±18.07)%] (P<0.01). In addition, the expression of CD62p on normal platelets was higher in PNH patients than control (P<0.05). ④The deposition of C5b-9 positively correlated with the expression of CD62p on the platelets (r=0.559, P=0.002).

CONCLUSIONDeficiency of CD59 antigen on platelets in PNH patients may lead to the deposition of C5b-9 on its membrane and its dysfunction, which may contribute to thrombosis events in PNH.

Anemia, Aplastic ; Blood Platelets ; Clone Cells ; Complement Membrane Attack Complex ; Flow Cytometry ; Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal ; Humans ; P-Selectin ; Thrombosis