Objective To explore the effects of different ventilation modes of tracheobronchial foreign body in children with fiberoptic operation under general anesthesia.Methods Sixty children (1ys≤ age≤3ys) undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy tracheal foreign body removal according to the combinations of different ventilation modes during and after fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) procedures were divided into group A [volume control ventilation (VCV) + VCV,n =20],group B [pressure control ventilation (PCV) + VCV,n =20] and group C (PCV + PCV,n =20) randomly.The P mean,Pmax,and PetCO2 during and after fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedures were monitored.The SpO2,PaO2,and PaCO2 after mechanical ventilation 1.5 hours were recorded.Results Compared to group A,groups B and C had lower P max and P mean (P ＜ 0.05) during the FOB procedures.Compared to groups A and B,group C had a lower P max and P mean (P ＜0.01) after the FOB procedures.At the 1.5 hours after the procedure,all the children showed significant increase in SpO2 and PaO2 (P ＜ 0.05) and decrease in PaCO2 (P ＜ 0.05) in groups A,B,and C.Conclusions When fiberoptic bronchoscopy in tracheobronchial foreign body operation is applied in children undergoing general anesthesia,the pressure control ventilation (VCV) mode can decrease the pressure of airway (Paw) and PaCO2 than volume control mode during procedure.