Background Carbachol solution (0.01％) is an agonist of M cholinoceptor and skeletal muscle N cholinoceptor,and it is used to play miotic effect and open peripheral iridectomic hole during the surgery of implantable collamer lens (ICL) implantation in order to lower intraocular pressure (IOP).However,the anterior chamber injection of 0.01％ carbachol solution often causes relevant complications,while whether lower dose of carbachol solution is effective and safe is unclear.Objective This study was to compare the effectiveness and safety between 0.01％ carbachol solution and 0.005％ carbachol solution after anterior chamber injection during the ICL implantation.Methods One hundred and fifty-two eyes of 76 cataract patients were included in Daping Hospital of Third Military Medical University from September 2014 to September 2015.ICL implantation and periphery iridectomy were carried out on both eyes of the patients and the 0.01％ carbachol solution was injected into the anterior chamber during the surgery of the right eyes and 0.01％ carbachol solution was used in the left eyes.The operation duration and IOP at postoperative 2 hours and systemic choline-like reaction were compared between 0.01％ carbachol solution group and 0.005％ carbachol solution group.Results The mean operation duration was (11.86± 2.39) minutes and (11.22 ± 1.85) minutes in the 0.01％ carbachol group and 0.005％ carbachol group,without significant difference between two groups (t =1.851,P =0.066).IOP was (15.76 ± 2.18) mmHg and (13.58 ±2.24)mmHg in the 0.01％ carbachol group before and after surgery,and those in the 0.005％ carbachol group was (15.70±2.35)mmHg and (13.12±2.17)mmHg,there was no significant difference in the IOP between the two concentrations of carbachol (Fsroup =0.986,P=O.322).The IOP at postoperative 2 hours was lower than that before operation,the difference was statistically significant(Ftime =97.339,P =0.000).There was no interaction between drug concentration and time (Fcorrelation =0.772,P =0.381).The incidences of complications,such as dizziness,nausea and vomiting,were lower in the 0.005％ carbachol group than those in the 0.01％ carbachol group (x2 =13.01,5.16,4.03,all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Carbachol solution (0.005％) can play intraoperative miosis effect and maintain effective operation duration in ICL implantation.In addition,the application of 0.005％ carbachol solution is quite safe in both intraoperation and postoperation.

Objective: To study difference of the immune response between oral administration and intraperitoneal injection of total polysaccharide of Sijunzi decoction (SJTP) in mice. Methods: The immunosuppressed mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CY). The effects of SJTP on the weight of immune organs,hemolysin response and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) were observed,and the influences on normal mouse spleen lymphocytic proliferation of mice were also studied. Results:SJTP can remarkably counteract the immunosuppression induced by CY, decrease the weight loss immune organs,increase the hemolysin response and DTH,and promote the proliferation of lymphocytes.The effect of oral administration is superior to intrapertoneal injection.Conclusion:SJTP can improve the humoral and cellalar immunity of mice.The immune activities resulting from oral administration of SJTP have some special characteristics,and its possible mechanism is also discussed.

Objective To determine the influence of abiraterone acetate (AA) on neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and the prognostic predicting value of the serum NED markers in mCRPC patients treated with AA.Methods We conducted an analysis in 115 chemotherapy-naive mCRPC patients who were treated with chemotherapy in Renji hospital from 2013 to 2017.The median age was 70,ranged from 65 to 76 years old.The median CgA,NSE and PSA levels were 101.1 ng/ml (78.5-150.0 ng/ml),13.4 ng/ml (10.5-17.6 ng/ml) and 38.8 ng/ml (11.2-123.2 ng/ml),respectively.Among them,48 cases were classified as the group without AA treatment.The other 67 cases were classified as group after AA failure.In group without AA treatment,the median CgA,NSE and PSA levels were 109.1 ng/ml(80-151.5 ng/ml);13.8 ng/ml(10.8-18.2 ng/ml) and 39.2 ng/ml (8.6-200 ng/ml),respectively.In group after AA failure,the median CgA,NSE and PSA levels were 105.4 ng/ml(78.8-175.5 ng/ml),13.8 ng/ml(10.8-17.6 ng/ml) and 39.0 ng/ml(8.4-219.8 ng/ml),respectively.In the group with serial evaluation of NED markers during AA treatment,the median serum CgA,NSE levels at baseline were 115.9 ng/ml(90.1-201.5 ng/ml),13.3 ng/ml (10.4-18.1 ng/ml),respectively.The endpoints were PSA PFS(progression-free survival) and radiographic PFS (rPFS).Results In 34 patients with serial evaluation,serum NED markers level in 19 patients increased after the failure of AA treatment.Median serum CgA and NSE levels were 115.9 ng/ml(90.1-201.5 ng/ml)and 13.25 ng/ml (10.37-18.14 ng/ml) at baseline.Median serum CgA and NSE levels were 129.6ng/ml (75.5-230.5 ng/ml) and 14.7 ng/ml (11.8-19.1 ng/ml) after 6 months treatment,respectively.The median serum CgA and NSE levels were 130.4 ng/ml (95.7-205.7 ng/ml) and 15.2 ng/ml(12.4-18.7 ng/ml) at the time of failure of AA treatment,respectively.There was no significant difference of NED markers between baseline and failure of AA treatment (P =0.243).In logistic univariate analysis,AA treatment and its duration were not independent factors influencing NED(P =0.30;P =0.52).Compared with the NED markers elevation group in the first 6 months of AA treatment and baseline supranormal NED markers group,the NED markers decline group(PSA PFS(17.1 vs.10.4 months,P ＜ 0.001) and rPFS (17.0 vs.10.4 months,P =0.003)) and baseline normal NED markers group(PSA PFS(14.1 vs.9.5 months,P =0.001) and rPFS(16.4 vs.10.5 months,P ＜ 0.001)) has a longer median PSA PFS and rPFS respectively.In multivariate Cox analysis,baseline NED markers level and NED markers variation during the first 6 months of AA treatment remained significant predictors of rPFS(P ＜ 0.05),and PSA-PFS (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions We found there was heterogeneity in changes of NED markers in different mCRPC patients during AA treatment,and AA might not significantly lead to progression of NED of mCRPC in general.Serial CgA and NSE evaluation might help clinicians guide clinical treatment of mCRPC patients.Serum NED markers elevation during the first 6 months of AA treatment and elevated baseline NED markers levels indicated poor prognosis in mCRPC treated with AA.

OBJECTIVE： To analyze chemical components in active fraction of Xiaozhong zhitong lotion， to clarify the material basis of its efficacy， and to provide reference for the second development of ointment preparation. METHODS： UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was adopted to analyze the chemical components of active fraction （40％ ethanol elution site separated by D101 macroporous resin） of Xiaozhong zhitong lotion. The determination was performed on Hypersil GOLD aQ C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1％ formic acid acetonitrile （A）-0.1％ formic acid water （B） （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 0.4       mL/min. The sample size was 4 μL， and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The condition of mass spectrometry was ESI detection in positive and negative scanning ion mode （ESI+/ESI－）. The scanning range was 100-2 000 Da. The collision energy was 45/－45 eV， and the energy of the extended collider was 10/15 eV. The accurate molecular weight， retention time and multi-stage fragment ion information of the compounds were collected after obtaining the chromatogram， and the chemical components were identified by comparing with the mass spectrum information of reference materials and references. RESULTS： A total of 48 compounds were identified， and 9 and 39 compounds were identified under ESI+/ESI－ ion mode， mainly including 10 phenolic acids， 8  phenylpropanoids， 9 anthraquinones， 3 flavones， 7 alkaloids， 5 tannins and 6 other categories. CONCLUSIONS： UPLC-Q-TOF- MS method is rapid， efficient and accurate for identify chemical components from active fraction of Xiaozhong zhitong lotion. Main chemical components of the active fraction are phenolic acids， phenylpropanoids， anthraquinones， alkaloids and tannins.

BACKGROUND: More and more patients with small pulmonary nodules (SPN) can be found along with the developing of chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). With current examinations not all the SPN can be diagnosed to be benign or malignant and not all the malignant nodules can be diagnosed to be lymphatic metastasis. We need to study the correlation between plasma D-dimer count of patients before surgery with pathology features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The study comprised 567 highly suspected lung cancer patients. Preoperative plasma D-dimer were qualified, and the relationship between plasma D-dimer with pathology features including benign or malignant nodules, tumor size and involvement of lymph nodes was examined using Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The median plasma D-dimer values were statistically higher in NSCLC patients than in those who suffered from benign lung nodules (P<0.001). The median plasma D-dimer values in NSCLC patients with malignant lymph nodes were statistically higher than in those without malignant lymph nodes (P<0.001). An obvious relationship was observed between elevated D-dimer with number of malignant lymph nodes involvement and tumer size. An obvious relationship was observed between elevated D-dimer (>112.5 ng/mL) and malignant lymph node involvement in stage T1 lung cancer. CONCLUSIONS The plasma D-dimer maybe useful for early diagnosis, staging and prognosis of the patients with NSCLC. The plasma D-dimer can be one of the indicator to identify what kind of patients need mediastinal lymph node cleaning.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; blood ; pathology ; Female ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies