Objective To evaluate the feasibility of measuring phrenic nerve conduction time(PNCT)and elicited compound muscle action potential(CMAP)of diaphragm with surface electrodes.Methods PNCT and amplitude of diaphragm CMAP elicited by unilateral magnetic stimulation(UMS)of the phrenic nerve were measured with surface electrodes and the results were compared with those measured with oesophageal electrodes.Results (1)PNCT measured with oesophageal electrode was similar to those measured with surface electrode;the amplitude of CMAP measured with oesophageal electrode was higher than those with surface electrode.(2)There was a significant relationship between the amplitudes of right CMAP measured with oesophageal electrode and those with surface electrodes,whereas there was no such relationship for the left side.(3)The PNCT and the amplitude of CMAP were not related to age,height,weight and perimeter of abdomen no matter measured with oesophageal or surface electrodes.Conclusion Surface electrodes is a useful and noninvasive method to evaluate the function of phrenic nerve and diaphragm.

To determine alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in extract of Portulaca oleracea L. by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Objective To investigate the expression levels of interferon -inducible genes (MNDA)in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),and the relations between the gene expression levels and disease activity were explored.Methods Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT -PCR)method was used to detect the expression levels of MNDA in 30 patients with SLE and 25 controls.The associations between the expression levels of MNDA and urine protein,complement C3,C4,anti -double stranded DNA antibody and SLEDAI scores in patients with SLE were analyzed.Results (1)The expression level of MNDA mRNA in the SLE patients was significantly higher than that of the normal controls(t =6.99,P <0.01).(2)The expression level of MNDA in the urinary protein positive patients was significantly higher than that of the urinary protein negative patients (t =3.08,P <0.01),they were all significantly higher than the normal controls (t =9.32,4.87,all P <0.01).(3)The expression levels of MNDA mRNA were positively correlated with anti -double stranded DNA antibody and SLEDAI scores(r =0.534,0.508,all P <0.05),and not correlated with comple-ment C3 and C4(r =-0.472,-0.349,all P >0.05 ).Conclusion The expression levels of MNDA mRNA in patients with SLE are significantly higher than those of the normal controls.It is linked to kidney damage and disease activity,and helpful in evaluating SLE disease activity and severity.

Objective:To study the application of flipped classroom teaching mode in nursing teaching of Gastroenterology Department and its influence on the mastery of nursing theory and professional skills of nursing students.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 136 nursing students who took internship Gastroenterology Department of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital from July 2018 to January 2020 were selected. From July 2019 to January 2020, 69 nursing students were selected as the experimental group, and they were given flipped classroom teaching mode. From July 2018 to January 2019, 67 nursing students were set as the control group, and they were given the traditional teaching mode. The nursing theory, professional skills and comprehensive ability of nursing students and their evaluation of the teaching quality and satisfaction were observed and compared between the two groups.Results:The scores of after-department nursing theory and professional skills of nursing students in the experimental group were respectively (88.45±7.12) and (92.78±3.03) , which were higher than (80.32±8.56) and (88.15±3.62) of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=5.921, 7.952; P<0.05) . Scores of nursing consultation, physical examination, diagnosis, measures, health education, humanistic care, organizational efficiency and overall evaluation of the experimental group were respectively (6.21±1.25) , (6.45±1.03) , (6.53±1.21) , (6.59±1.28) , (6.98±1.12) , (6.59±1.21) , (6.30±1.18) and (7.01±1.16) , higher than (5.37±1.59) , (5.58±1.32) , (5.29±1.64) , (5.62±1.71) , (6.03±1.57) , (5.70±1.42) , (5.21±1.72) and (6.08±1.65) of the control group ( t=3.370, 4.216, 4.940, 3.686, 4.001, 3.867 , 4.246, 3.746; P<0.05) . The scores of teaching effect, teaching content and teaching method in experimental group were respectively (21.65±1.19) , (20.27±1.80) and (21.43±1.25) , which were higher than (19.13±1.28) , (18.81±2.79) and (19.47±1.21) in control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t=11.676, 3.575, 9.112; P<0.05) . The satisfaction of the nursing students in the experimental group on theoretical knowledge, learning interest, practical skills, self-study ability and actual problem-solving ability were respectively 94.03%, 97.01%, 95.52%, 91.04% and 92.54%, which were higher than 81.25%, 85.94%, 84.38%, 78.13%, 79.69% in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2=4.986, 5.222, 4.550, 4.224, 4.560; P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of the flipped classroom teaching mode in the nursing teaching of Gastroenterology Department helps nursing students to master nursing theory and professional skills and improve the quality of teaching.