Objective To estimate the effect of pedicle screw fixation of thoracolumbar fractures via paraspinal approach and compare it with the conventional posterior midline approach.Methods Forty-two cases of thoracolumbar monosegmental fractures subjected to single posterior pedicle screw fixation and reduction from December 2008 to May 2010 were included in the study.Among the patients,19 cases were operated through paraspinal muscular-sparing approach (paraspinal approach group) and 23 cases through posterior midline surgical approach (conventional approach group).Surgical incision length,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage volume,postoperative hospital stay,pre-and post-operative VAS and other perioperative indices as well as fracture reduction outcome were compared between the two groups.Oswestry disability index (ODI) was assessed after operation.Results There were no statistical differences between the two groups in aspects of surgical incision length,operation time,postoperative hospital stay,height restoration of fractured vertebra (P ＞ 0.05),but intraoperative blood loss (148.5 ± 26.5) ml,postoperative draining loss (72.9 ± 17.3) ml,postoperative VAS (1.1 ± 0.3) points and ODI (13.4 ± 2.7) points in paraspinal approach group showed statistical differences from those in conventional approach group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Paraspinal muscle-sparing approach is characterized by minor trauma,less bleeding,slight pain and quick recovery as compared with conventional posterior midline approach and hence may be the preferred choice for the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture without spinal canal decompression.

Objective To detect abnormal anisotropy on the splenium of the corpus callosum in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods Normalized hippocampal volume and fractional anisotropy on the splenium of the corpus callosum were measured in 13 patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease and 19 normally aging volunteers. Non-dependent samples t-tests were conducted to compare them between the two groups. In addition, the sensitivity in the diagnosis of mild Alzheimer’s disease was calculated.Results The splenium of the corpus callosum showed reduced anisotropy in mild Alzheimer’s disease. The normalized hippocampal volume also decreased in patients. The FA of the splenium of the corpus callosum was more sensitive in the diagnosis of mild Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusion The decreased anisotropy on the splenium of the corpus callosum reflects the degeneration of the fibers, and it is promising in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.

Objective To detect gray matter abnormalities of whole brain in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease(AD)by voxel-based morphometry(VBM).Methods Thirteen patients with mild Alzheimer's disease and sixteen normal aging volunteers underwent 3D SPGR scanning.For every subject,data was transferred to PC to be normalized,segmented and smoothed using SPM99.Non-dependent samples T-tests were conducted to compare gray matter density voxel to voxel between the two groups.Results Significant reductions in gray matter density were found in the bilateral hippocampi and nucleus amygdalae,bilateral insulae,bilateral medial thalami,bilateral rectus gyri,right superior temporal gyrus,right caudate nucleus,right prefrontal lobe,right basal forebrain and portions of right occipital lobe.Conclusion VBM reveals significant gray matter reductions of numeral cortices in mild Alzheimer's disease.It can be a useful method to evaluate the anatomical changes in the progress of the disease.

Objective To observe the influence of different extraction technologies on baicalin content in QinShao tablet. Methods Determine the changes of baicalin content in two different decocting methods: 1 to decoct Baical Skullcap Root together with other Chinese medicines, and 2 to decoct Baical Skullcap Root after other medicines. Results The result showed the later decocting method (decoct baical skullcap root later) can increase the content of baicalin by 5.2mg/g. Conclusion To decoct Baical Skullcap Root after other medicines in QinShao tablet can increase the content of baicalin and thus enhance its clinical therapeutic effects.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of topiramate (TPM) on complexity of electroencephalography (EEG) by means of quantitative pharmacoelectroencephalography (QPEEG) and nonlinear analysis methods.MethodsOne dose of TPM was administrated to epileptics and healthy adults. The EEG samples were obtained prior to and at regular intervals (at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours after the administration) within 24 hours following the administration of TPM. The EEG activity was processed with the nonlinear analysis methods. The complexity measure, approximate entropy, Lyapunov exponent and fractional dimension of the whole scalp areas were calculated through 60 seconds epochs without artifacts after each recording. The statistical difference between baseline predrug assessment and each postdrug control was described by analysis of variance.ResultsThe Lyapunov exponent was increased first, then decreased, and then increased finally (the maximum value was 0.44 in both centrals in the healthy people). The approximate entropy and fractional dimension showed the tendency of descent, the complexity measure decreased in healthy adults (the least value was 0.34 on right parietal), but increased in patients (the maximum value was 0.34 in right posterior temporal).ConclusionTPM might change the complexity of EEG.

Objective To reveal the cerebral activation areas related to semantic processing of language functions in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE).Methods 6 patients with left-TLE,6 patients with right-TLE,and 6 controls,all right-handed,were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)during a reversible words decision task.Their responses were recorded by key-press.The image data was analyzed by statistical parametric mapping 2(SPM2)including the individual statistical analysis and group analysis.Results There was no difference between the right-TLE patients and controls in cerebral activation,which included left inferior frontal gyrus,left middle frontal gyrus,left superior temporal gyrus,left middle temporal gyrus and bilateral cingulate gyrus,bilateral fusiform gyrus,bilateral basal ganglia,bilateral cerebellum(especially right).The activation in patients with left-TLE was atypically distributed relative to the controls,there were more activation in right inferior frontal gyrus,right precentral gyrus and left cuneus,left precuneus.Conclusion There is atypical distribution of the cerebral activation area related to semantic processing of language functions in patients with left-TLE,and enantiomorphous transformation is found in the contrelateral side of cerebrum.

Objective To study the indication of pelvic autonomic nerve preservation(PANP)for patients undergoing rectal carcinoma resection and evaluate the operative procedure and post-operative urine function.Methods Materials of 18 cases of middle and lower rectum carcinoma,receiving PANP radical resection from Jan. 2000 to Nov. 2002 were reviewed. The perioperative urodynamic index and postoperative long-term sexual function were analyzed.Result Pelvic autonomic nerve was preserved in all 18 patients and they have normal urine function and satisfactory long-term sexual function.Conclusion Male patients aged younger than 60 yrs., with rectal carcinoma of Ducks A to C are suitable for receiving PANP radical resection for better maintenance of the urinal and sexual function.

Objective To clarify the position,figure and connections with adjacencies in the pallial thickening(Pth),and provide essential parameters for its function study. Methods The coronal serial sections of 60?m thickness in gekko gecko brain were made by cryo-microtome,and Nissl staining was used.Pictures were taken in each coronal section containing the Pth and the size of Pth in each section was measured.One of them was chosen for the three-dimensional reconstruction.3D MAX was used as the tool software to rebuild the nucleus. Results 1.The Pth was located in the rostral part of the telencephalon,the lateral part of anterior dorsal ventricular ridge,the medial part of the lateral cortex and the ventral part of the dorsal cortex.The length of Pth from the rostral to the caudal end was(912.67?110.96)?m(n=10),the cubage of Pth was about(0.1430?0.0414)?m~3(n=10).2.The Pth could be divided into four segments,the anterior,the middle,the posterior and the terminal segments from the rostral to the caudal end.In the posterior segment,its dorsoventral axis was the longest,and could be divided into two parts: the dorsal and the ventral parts.The boundary of the two parts was clear.Conclusion The Pth is a long,narrow and flat structure;its rostrocaudal axis is longer than its dorsoventral axis,and its dorsal edge is smoother than its ventral edge.In the Pth,its caudal region is larger than its rostral region,and the posterior segment in the caudal region is divided into the dorsal and the ventral cell populations.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for neurodevelopmental impairment of infants with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).Methods Neurodevelopment of infants aged 0-3 years and undergoiong tetralogy of Fallot surgic operations in NanJing Children Hospital between October 2010 and October 2011 were assessed with Bayley Scales of Infant Development test (BSID).On the basis of assessment results,infants with 90 piont or more were devided into the normal group,and the rest less than 90 point were devided into the abnormal group.Compare the difference of birh weight,age,weight transcutaneous oxygen saturation (SPO2),hematokrit (HCT),McGoon index and left ventricular end-diastolic capacity index(LVEDI) at surgery between the two groups with t-test.And to identify risk factors for neurodevelopmental impairment of infants with tetralogy of Fallot with multivariate linear regression analysis.P ＜ 0.05 was statistically significant.Results All of 83 infants with 55 males and 28 females were admitted into this prospective study.There was no statistical significance in mental development index (MDI) and psychological development index (PDI) between the sexes.For MDI:normal 67 (80.7％),abnormal 16 (18.3％).With t-test,McGoon index,left ventricular end-diastolic capacity index and birth weight had significant difference between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that McGoon index,left ventricular end-diastolic capacity index and age at surgry were risk factors for MDI decrease,beta was 21.41,0.59 and-0.31,respectively (P＜ 0.05).Age at surgry was connected with MDI nagetively,McGoon index affected mostly.For PDI:normal 61 (73.5％),abnormal 22(26.5％).With t-test,MaGoon index and left ventricular end-diastolic capacity index had statistical significance between the two groups(P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that McGoon index and left ventricular end-diastolic capacity index were risk factors for PDI decrease,beta was 23.88 and 0.49,respectively (P =0.000).McGoon index influenced greatly.Conclusion McGoon index,left ventricular end-diastolic capacity index and age at surgry are influence factors for MDI decrease.McGoon index,left ventricular end-diastolic capacity index are risk factors for PDI decrease.McGoon index affects neurodevelopment of infants with tetralogy of Fallot mostly.