Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital intestinal malrotation and midgut vovulus.Methods The findings of ultrasound of 161 children with clinically suspected intestinal malrotation were analysed retrospectively,and were compared with the results of the operation and/or the upper gastrointestinal contrast study.Results The positive sign of ultrasound for congenital intestinal malrotation was that the superior mesenteric vein(SMV) being located at the left of the superior mesentery artery(SMA),or being directly anterior to the SMA,and the positive sign for midgut vovulus was clockwise whirlpool sign (clockwise rotation of the small bowel,its mesentery and the SMV around the SMA).The sensitivity of ultrasound for congenital intestinal malrotation was 82％,and the specificity was 94％.Those for midgut vovulus were 94％ and 94％ respectively.Conclusions Special sign as the superior mesenteric vein(SMV) being located at the left of the superior mesentery artery(SMA) strongly indicate congenital intestinal malrotatione,and the clockwise whirlpool sign means great possibility of midgut vovulus.

BACKGROUND:Mouse pluripotent stem cel s are induced to differentiate into insulin-secreting cel s that can effectively improve blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. OBJECTIVE:To detect mRNA and protein levels of insulin-like cel clusters from induced pluripotent stem cel s and to investigate the function of insulin-secreting cel s in vitro and in vivo. METHODS:Mouse induced pluripotent stem cel s cultured in vitro were induced to differentiate into insulin-secreting cel s using combined inducers through three stages. The morphology of endodermal cel s, islet-derived progenitor cel s and mature islet cel s in each stage was observed and relative gene expression levels were detected by PCR. Mature insulin-like cel clusters underwent dithizone staining and functions of insulin released in vitro were observed by ELISA assay. Final y, the insulin-secreting cel s were transplanted into the subrenal capsule of diabetic mice, and then blood glucose levels were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mature spherical insulin-like cel clusters were successful y obtained in vitro, which were in iron red by dithizone staining, and expression of insulin mRNA was determined by PCR. The insulin-like cel clusters could secrete insulin in response to various blood glucose levels by ELISA assay. In addition, after the cel s clusters were transplanted into the subrenal capsule of mice with type 1 diabetes, the blood glucose levels were marbedly improved.

Objective To improve the imaging diagnostic performance by analyzing US and CT findings of pancreatoblastoma in children. Methods From January 2000 to December 2016, 9 patients with pancreatoblastoma proven pathologically were enrolled in the study. The clinical and imaging features in 9 cases were analyzed retrospectively, the tumor parameters compared with intraoperative and postoperative pathology were location, size, texture, capsule, calcification, adjacent organs invasion and lymph node metastasis. The parameter of tumor size was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient. Results The tumor diameter ranged from 30-95 mm (median diameter 40 mm). Six tumors located in the head of the pancreas, 3 tumors located in the body and tail of the pancreas. One tumor was pure cystic, 2 tumors were solid and cystic mixed, 5 tumors were solid. Calcification was seen in 5 cases. Capsule was seen in 5 cases. Blood vessels, biliary tract and bowel around tumors were infiltrated by tumors in 3 cases proven by the pathology. Lymphadenectasis was seen in 2 cases, in which 1 case was metastasis. There were no significant differences in location, nature, calcification on US and CT. The largest diameter measured by CT and US was consistent with the tumor''s actual size, ICC=0.90.Capsule was shown by US in 5 cases and CT in 3 cases. CT showed the morphology of calcification in 5 cases, lymphadenectasis in 2 cases, abdominal effusion in 2 cases, cavernous transformation of the portal vein with the extensive collaterals in 1 case, which were not shown by US. Both US and CT dit not show the surrounding tissue infiltrated by tumors in 3 cases,but showed biliary system expansion. Conclusions The typical pancreatoblastoma manifested as encapsulated solid tumor originated in the pancreas with necrosis and calcification. US examination took a slight advantage on displaying capsule of tumor than CT. CT was more clear and intuitive in showing calcification and relationship between tumor with surrounding tissues and lymph node, and no operator dependent.

Objective:To discuss the ultrasonographic features of ganglioneuroma(GN), ganglioneuroblastoma-intermixed(GNBi), ganglioneuroblastoma-nodular(GNBn), neuroblastoma(NB) in children and to improve the ultrasound diagnostic accuracy of four kinds of neuroblastic tumors.Methods:Two hundred and seventy-nine patients with neuroblastic tumors(23GN, 44GNBi, 86GNBn, 126NB) confirmed by surgery and pathological diagnosis in Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from June 2014 to February 2019 were retrospectively analysed. The ultrasonographic data were summarized and compared with pathological results.Results:The median age were 6.9 years in GN group, 3.9 years in GNBi group, 3.0 years in GNBn group and 2.0 years in NB group. The median values of serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE) were 6.3 μg/L in GN group, 9.6 μg/L in GNBi group, 22.6 μg/L in GNBn group and 40.7 μg/L in NB group respectively. There was no distant metastasis of GN, while 9% GNBi, 26% GNBn and 36% NB had distant metastasis; GN and GNBi group had no invasion to adjacent tissues and organs, while 9% GNBn and 15% NB lesions had invasion to adjacent tissues and organs; 91% GN, 70% GNBi, 58% GNBn lesions had complete capsule, while 44% NB lesions had incomplete capsule and 28% NB had no capsule; 96%GN, 57%GNBi lesions were round or oval, while 57%GNBn, 60%NB lesions showed irregular shape; 96%GN showed homogeneous hypoechoic, 75% GNBi had "cloudy" inhomogeneous echoe, while hyperechoic nodules were seen in 59% GNBn and 75% NB lesions; 65%GN lesions contained discrete and punctate calcifications, while 27%GNBi, 29%GNBn, 25%NB lesions contained coarse calcifications; 100%GN, 91%GNBi, 91%GNBn lesions had little to moderate blood flow, while 33%NB lesions had abundance blood flow; 4%GN, 41%GNBi, 51%GNBn, 49%NB lesions surrounded blood vessels; 13%GN, 5%GNBi, 6%GNBn, 8%NB lesions had spinal canal invasion; GN had no lymph node metastasis, but 48%GNBi, 59%GNBn, 56%NB lesions had lymph node metastasis.Conclusions:The ultrasonographic characteristics of GN are largely different from GNBi, GNBn and NB; There are some differences in ultrasonographic features of GNBi, GNBn and NB, but some of them are difficult to identify.

Objective To explore the correlation between childhood obesity and adult metabolic diseases. Methods A total of 3 542 people who underwent physical examination in the General Hospital of Fuming from January 2018 to January 2019 were selected as research subjects. They were divided into childhood obesity group and control group according to the childhood body mass index (BMI). Single factor and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed on relevant factors that may affect adult metabolic diseases by comparing clinical data with laboratory parameters. Results A total of 113 adult patients with metabolic diseases were found in the control group, with an incidence rate of 4.56%. In the childhood obesity group, 322 adult patients with metabolic diseases were found, with an incidence rate of 30.32%. The incidence of adult metabolic diseases in the childhood obesity group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the HDL-C level in the childhood obesity group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that the gender and childhood obesity were significantly correlated to adult metabolic diseases (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the childhood obesity was an independent risk factor for adult metabolic diseases (P<0.05). Conclusion There was a difference in the incidence of adult metabolic diseases and laboratory indicators in the adulthood between childhood obese patients and childhood non-obese patients. Childhood obesity is an independent risk factor for adult metabolic diseases.

Ubiquitination is one of the most major post-translational modifications playing important role in regulation of intra-cellular proteins' stability, degradation, localization and biological activity. However, these proteins are difficult to be detected due to their low abundance, short half-life. In this study, ubiquitin-binding domains (UBDs) were constructed to purify the ubiquitinated proteins from Hep3B cells. Ubiquitinated proteins and sites were detected by LC-MS/MS. A total of 1 900 potential ubiquitinated proteins were identified. Among them, 158 ubiquitinated sites were identified, belonging to 102 proteins. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the enriched pathways of ubiquitinated proteins were closely related to tumor occurrence and development. The dysfunction of ubiquitin-proteasome has a high correlation with cell signaling and extracellular matrix changing in tumor cells.