Objective To study the effects of acute cadmium exposure on the immune function of white blood cells (WBC), plasma interleukin-2 (IL-2) and cortisol levels in rats. Methods Thirty-six male rats were randomly divided into three groups averagely. The control group (group C) and two experimental groups(groupⅠand group Ⅱ) were respectively exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0 mg / kg body weight (BW) cadmium for 7 days by intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples of the rats were collected on the 4th and 7th day after administration of cadmium respectively and the related parameters were analyzed. Results The BW of rats in groupⅠand group Ⅱ were significantly lower than that of the group C. The WBC counts of two experimental groups were higher than that of the control group. Higher percentage of neutrophiles and lower percentage of lymphocytes were observed in rats of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ on the 7th day after cadmium exposure, while no obvious variations in monocytes(%), eosinophiles(%) and basophiles(%)were observed among the three groups. Blood T-lymphocyte(%) and IL-2 levels in rats of groupⅠandⅡdecreased on the 4th and 7th day after cadmium exposure respectively, while B-lymphocyte(%) increased on the contrary. Plasma cortisol levels in rats of groupⅠ and groupⅡ were higher than that of the group C on the 7th day after cadmium exposure. Conclusion The results showed that acute cadmium exposure could affect the WBC immune function and result in the defect of cellular immune function as well as significant change of adrenal cortex endocrine activities.

OBJECTIVE To investigate drug resistance characteristice of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum?-lactamases(ESBLs) in our hospital so as to instruct rational use of antibiotics in clinic. METHODS The ESBLs were determined by the sensitivity and confirming tests according to NCCLS(1999) standard. RESULTS The isolated ratio of ESBLs producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae increased from 28.6% and 29.2% in 2005 to 48.5% and 49.2% in 2007. Extended-Spectum ?-Lactamases germs showed high resistance to cephalosporins-1G, 2G, 3G, to Penicillin and to Am Aztreonam. The rate of sensitivity to imipenem was 100.0%. CONCLUSIONS There is an increasing trend of ESBLs producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The imipenem is the best drug for treatment the bacterium producing ESBLs.

Objective To observe the efficacy difference between nerve-trunk stimulation plus electroacupuncture at antagonistic points and the control group. Method Patients were randomized into group A (nerve-trunk stimulation plus electroacupuncture at antagonistic points), group B (electroacupuncture at antagonistic points), and group C (basic treatment), 45 cases in each group. The interventions were given once a day, 5 times a week, totally for 4 weeks. The changes of spasm degree and motor function of upper limb and activities of daily life were observed. Result After intervention, there were significant differences between group B and group C, and between group A and group B (P<0.05); there was a significant difference between group A and group C (P<0.01). Conclusion Compared to the control group, nerve-trunk stimulation plus electroacupuncture at antagonistic points can produce more significant efficacies in improving the spasm degree and motor function of upper limb and activities of daily life.

Objective To study molecular adsorbent recycling system (MARS) in the treatment of patients with acute liver failure waiting for liver transplantation. Methods The effects of MARS artificial liver treatments in 16 cases were reviewed. Results There was a remarkable improvement in clinical symptoms and physical signs after MARS treatment, including significant decrease in prothrombin time, total bile acid, level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and blood ammonia (P＜0.05＝;There was no statistical change in NO,TNF-α and IL-10(P＞0.05).Sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score decreased from 9.91±1.09 to 6.64±1.76 and Glascow coma score increased from 7.29±2.06 to 13.26±2.14.Fourteen patients were tided over to liver transplantation among them 13 patients survived and were successfully discharged from the hospital. The survival rate was 89.5%.Conclusion MARS is a safe and effective assistant device in bridging acute liver failure patients to liver transplantation.

Three hundred and nine community health service (CHS) practitioners were selected with randomized cluster sampling for survey with the job satisfaction questionnaire-occupational stress indicator (OSI).Degree of the job satisfaction was (68 ± 12)%.Position, work experience, income,feeling of recognition, degree of motivation, the scope for career development, the space for personal ambition and the relationship between salary and work load were potential influencing factors of job satisfaction to CHS practitioners.The authors suggest to establish the dynamic mechanisms of satisfaction study and to formulate comprehensive and effective incentive measures for CHS practitioners.

Objective:To prepare compound Xiaoshangtong spray films and establish an HPLC method for quality control. Meth-ods:Chitosan hydrochloride and PVP as the main film-forming materials, and HPMC as the film-forming assitant agent, the com-pound Xiaoshangtong spray films were prepared. Lidocaine and mupirocin were simultaneously determined by HPLC. A Hypersil ODS2 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5 μm)was used. The mobile phase was composed of 0. 5% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-methanol (40∶60, adjusting pH to 6. 0 ± 0. 5 with sodium hydroxide). The flow rate of mobile phase was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the temperature of the column was 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was 222nm and the injection volume was 20 μl. Results: The linear range of lido-caine was 25. 0-400. 0 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7) and the average recovery was 100. 14% (RSD=1. 21%,n=9). The linear range of mupirocin was 25.0-400.0 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 9)and the average recovery was 101.13%(RSD=0.57%,n=9). Conclusion:The preparation process is reasonable. The established determination method is accurate and reliable, and suitable for the quality con-trol of the compound Xiaoshangtong spray films.

Objective To explore the related risk factors for diabetic nephropathy(DN) and discuss the value of diabetic dermopathy (DD) screening for DN.Methods A total of 188 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were studied,which included 78 patients with DN (DN group) and 110 cases without DN (non-DN group).The sex,age,duration of diabetes mellitus,smoking,DD,body mass index (BMI),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),fasting blood glucose (FBG),2hours postpradial glucose(2 h PG),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c),fasting C-peptide(FC-P) were recorded.Multiple factor Logistic regression was applied in patients with DN and non-DN.Results The incidence of DD and DN in T2DM patients was 47.34％(89/188) and 41.49％ (78/188) respectively.The ratio of DD in DN group was 79.49％(62/78),in non-DN group was 24.55％ (27/110),and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).The age,duration of diabetes mellitus,SBP,FBG,2 h PG,HbA1c in DN group was higher than that in non-DN group [(52.83 ± 6.43) years old vs.(50.35 ±6.48) years old,(10.51 ±4.36) years vs.(6.48 ±3.25) years,(137.42 ± 14.17) mmHg(1mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(132.57 ± 15.38) mmHg,(11.95 ±2.83) mmol/L vs.(10.28 ± 1.98) mmol/L,(15.07 ± 3.16) mmol/L vs.(13.51 ± 2.75) mmol/L,(9.62±2.17)％ vs.(8.63 ± 2.08) ％],FC-P was lower than that in non-DN group [(1.76 ± 0.89) μ g/L vs.(2.01 ± 0.72) μ g/L],and the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05).Multiple factor Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of diabetes mellitus,DD and FPG were still related to DN in T2DM (OR =4.841,3.209,3.368,P ＜0.01).Conclusions DD is correlated with DN in T2DM.DN should be screened in T2DM patients with DD.

Objective:To explore the influence of IL-18 on the expression of MHCⅠ,MHCⅡ,CD80,CD86 on the surface of 9L cells,to identify the effect of IL-18 on the immunogenicity and the efficiency of tumor antigen presentation of 9L.Methods:Retroviruses were used to transduce the mIL-18 gene into rat glioma cells and the cell clones (9L/IL-18) which steadily expressing mIL-18 gene were obtained ,and got the control cells of 9L/LXSN by the same method.The expression of MHCⅠ,MHCⅡ,CD80,CD86 on the cell surface were assessed by flow cytometry.The cell suspension of 9L/IL-18,9L/LXSN and 9L cells were inoculated into the brain of F344 rat to establish the animal models by the stereotactic technique ,got the tumor tissues to analyze the expression of MHCⅠ, MHCⅡ,CD80 and CD86 on the surface of tumor cells after 14 days.Results:The expression of MHCⅠ,MHCⅡ,CD80 and CD86 on the surface of 9L/IL-18 were (10.9±1.44)%,(0.61±0.14)%,(1.01±0.14)%,(0.57±0.11)% ; had no significant differences with the others in vitro (P>0.05);while the expression of MHCⅠ,CD80 and CD86 on the surface of 9L/IL-18 were(67.51± 1.40)%,(12.51±1.57)%,(6.95±0.56)%which were higher than 9L/LXSN and 9L cells (P<0.05),the expressions of MHCⅡwere no significant difference(P>0.05) in vivo.Conclusion: IL-18 did not affect the immunogenicity of 9L in vitro,but improve the immunogenicity and tumor antigen presentation in vivo.

Objective To retrospectively investigate the causes , location and the duration of hospital stays of the hospitalized patients with hard-to-heal wounds so as to provide data guidance for the prevention and research of these diseases. Methods Clinical data of hospitalized patients with hard-to-heal wounds in plastic surgery center of General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command were collected from June , 2011 to December, 2013. Whether ulceration was recovered in the patients with skin tissue defect after 2 months treatment was regarded as the standard to screen the patients with hard-to-heal wounds. The causes , location, age and the duration of hospital stays of the hospitalized patients with hard-to-heal wounds were investigated by retrospective case-control method. Chi-square test and t-test were used in analyzing the investigation. Results 2 136 cases, aged from 20 to 86, were treated in plastic surgery center of the hospital. 120 cases have hard-to-heal wounds, which constituted 5.62% of all hospitalized patients. (1) Metabolic disease was the main causes of wound (43.3%), followed by wound infection and tumor (20.0% for each) (χ2 = 62.917, P < 0.01). ( 2 ) The peak age for patients with hard-to-heal wounds was 40 to 60 years old patients , followed by patients′age from 60 to 80 years. (3) The mostly like hard-to-heal wounds was on limbs (61.6%), especially on the foot (38.3%) (χ2 = 17.546, P = 0.002). (4) The average days for hospitalization of in the plastic surgery center were (7.41 ± 8.98), while the average days for hospitalization of the patients with years were (33.21 ± 28.27)(t = -9.968, P < 0.05). Conclusion The average diagnostic age of patients with hard-to-heal wounds is the middle and old aged patients. Chronic skin ulcers, which often occurs in a limb, seriously affects a person′s ability to move , which can prolong hospital stays , causing serious burden for the families of patients and the society.

Objective To investigate factors associated with prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Dagang Oil Field, and to provide the scientific evidence for the intervention measurements. Methods A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted in Dagang Oil Field from 2008 to 2010. Totally, 16 553 adults, 8 174 men (49.38%) and 8 379 women (50.62%), completed all of the questionnaires, measurement examination and blood specimen collection. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 27.30%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male, old age, overweight or obesity, family history of hypertension, marriage, education attainment, snoring, high heart rate, fasting blood glucose, serum total protein, and hyperuricemia were associated with hypertension. The awareness, treatment, control rates among all hypertensive subjects, and control rate among treated hypertensive participants were 52.65%, 40.07%, 15.51%, and 38.78%, respectively. Awareness was more common in those who were 45-64 years old , high medical costs, family history of hypertension, and smoking currently. Odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of awareness was 5.24 (2.78 to 9.88), 24.11 (11.91 to 48.84) and 27.46(13.92 to 54.18) for medical costs 1-59.9 yuan/month, 60-199.9 yuan/month, and≥200 yuan/month, respectively. In contrast, exercising 2-4 times/week and longer sleep duration were associated with lower awareness. Medication treatment was more common in those who had old age, high medical costs, hypertension family history, coronary heart disease, prefer vegetable, while less common in those who exercise occasionally, sleep longer and drink alcohol currently. OR (95%CI) of treatment was 10.89 (3.76 to 31.56), 54.07 (19.20-152.24), and 87.31 (31.54 to 241.75) for medical costs 1-59.9 yuan/month, 60-199.9 yuan/month, and ≥200 yuan/month, respectively. Controlled hypertension was more common in those who had old age, high medical costs, exercise 2-4 times/week, coronary heart disease, prefer crude fibre diet, but less common in those who drink alcohol currently, have higher heart rate, and higher education attainment. OR (95%CI) of controlled hypertension was 13.59 (6.50-28.44), 14.67 (7.01-30.68), and 17.43 (8.34-36.39) for medical costs 1-59.9 yuan/m, 60-199.9 yuan/m, and≥200 yuan/m, respectively. Conclusion Despite high rate of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension still need to be strengthened.