Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for about 10%-30% of all stroke types.It is characterized by rapid onset, rapid progress, varied clinical symptoms, high morbidity and mortality, and poor prognosis.After the intracerebral hemorrhage, various inflammatory mediators result in white matter lesions and cognitive impairment.Thrombin acting on thrombin receptors at low concentration induces neuroprotection and at high concentration causes brain injury.This article reviews the role and mechanism of thrombin in white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved non-coding small RNA molecules.They regulate gene expression by inhibiting transcription or translation.Ischemic stroke is one of the major diseases of resulting in death and disability worldwide.The final outcome of its pathological process is neuronal death.Neuronal apoptosis is mainly seen in ischemic penumbra,and saving the neurons in penumbra are the key to the treatment of ischemic stroke.This article reviews the roles of miRNAs in the neuronal apoptosis during cerebral ischemia.

Objective To investigate the changes of the serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)level in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and study the relationship between hs-CRP level and ischemic stroke subtypes according to the trail of org10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) criteria.Methods The serum hs-CRP was measured in 152 ACI patients by immunonephelometrical method. All ACI patients were classified into 5 major ischemic stroke subtypes based on TOAST criteria. And then the relationship between hs-CRP level and their TOAST subtypes were analysed.Results The percentage of each ischemic stroke TOAST subtypes of 152 patients was as following: stroke of undetermined etiology 41.45%, small-vessel occlusion 34.87%, cardioembolism 5.26%, large-artery atherosclerosis 15.79%, and stroke of other determined etiology 2.6%. Among 5 ischemic stroke subtypes, cardioembolism patients were related to the highest positive rate of hs-CRP(87.50%) and the highest hs-CRP level [(11.60?7.85)mg/L]. The hs-CRP level in large-artery atherosclerosis or stroke of other determined etiology were (10.77?4.27) mg/L or (6.45?3.25) mg/L respectively, Stroke of undetermined etiology and small-vessel occlusion subtypes were associated with the lowest positive rate of hs-CRP(38.10%, 37.74%) and the lowest hs-CRP level [(4.09?5.65)mg/L,(3.99?0.56)mg/L]. Apparently, other factors, such as age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, triglyeride, fasting blood sugar and fibrinogen, could also affect the hs-CRP level in serum(r=0.1640、0.2489、0.2066、0.1866、0.3029、0.2224,all P

Objective To explore the protective effects of Acanthopanax senticousus saponins (ASS) on ischemia-hypoxia injury of cortical neuron. Methods The models of cortical neuron damage induced by hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and glutamate (Glu) were established on cultured embryonic cortical neurons. The neurons were randomly divided into HI group, Glu group, ASS group and control group. ASS (50 mg/L) was added into the ASS group before and during neuron damage. The rate of neuronal apoptosis was measured by flow cytometer, nitric oxide (NO) content was determined by Nitrate reductive assay and neuron survival was measured by MTT assay and the release of LDH. Morphologic change of neurons was observed under electron microscopy.Results (1) The cortical neuron survival decreased time-dependently in HI group and reached peak at 8h after hypoxia-ischemia. Glutamate leaded the cortical neuron survival decreasing time-dependently. (2) Compared with the control group, the cortical neuron survival decreased in HI group and Glu group, but the neuron apoptosis, the release of LDH and NO contents increased significantly (all P

Stroke is the leading cause of death in Chinese Residents. Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for 10-20% of all stroke, and the degree of nerve function damage is often more severe than that of ischemic stroke. The corticospinal tract injury is an important mechanism for motor function defect after stroke. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the only functional magnetic resonance imaging to noninvasively detect white matter tracts, which can objectively evaluate the degree of fiber bundle damage. This article reviews the role of DTI in predicting the outcome of motor function in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Stroke is the leading cause of death in Chinese Residents. Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for 10-20% of all stroke, and the degree of nerve function damage is often more severe than that of ischemic stroke. The corticospinal tract injury is an important mechanism for motor function defect after stroke. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the only functional magnetic resonance imaging to noninvasively detect white matter tracts, which can objectively evaluate the degree of fiber bundle damage. This article reviews the role of DTI in predicting the outcome of motor function in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To investigate the effect of aprotinin on nuclear factor-?B p65 expression in brain regions around the hematoma of intracerebral hamorrage (ICH)in rats. Methods ICH models were induced utilizing the local injection of collagenase into the basal ganglia with sterile technique and divided into ICH group, aprotinin group(ATG) and Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC) group. The expression levels of NF-?B p65 protein and mRNA were detected by immunohisochemistry or RT-PCR at 6 h,24 h,72 h,7 d after injection. Results The amount of NF-?B positive cells increased greatly at 24 h following ICH, peak at 72 h, then decreased in each group. There was no markedly different from ICH group to ATG group, but PDTC group were singnificantly decreased after ICH 24 h~7 d than groups ICH and ATG(P

Objective To explore the curative effects of Edaravone for treatment on Parkinson disease(PD).Methods 30 patients with PD were classified into two groups:18 patients with early PD(courses of disease≤3.5 years) and 12 patients with late PD(courses of disease≥4 years).Edaravone was administered intravenous,30 mg twice daily for 14 d.Then,the drug was discontinued and a follow-up examination carried-out for 3 months.The clinical disability was assessed by using unified PD rating scale(UPDRS) at baseline and 14 d,1 month and 3 months after therapy.The adverse reaction was also observed during the course of treatment.Results In the early PD group,compared to before therapy,the scores of Mentation Behavior and Mood had significantly decreased for 14 d,1 month and 3 months after Edaravone therapy,the score of activities of Daily Living and Motor examination had significantly decreased(P

Objective To investigate the effects of tea polyphenol on oligodendrocyte(OLG) in the cerebral ischemic rats. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, control group and tea polyphenol group. The models of whole-brain ischemia were established . Then the rats of tea polyphenol group were divided another 3 groups and injected intraperitoneally with tea polyphenol at diffenrent dose (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, respectively) once a day for seven days . The expressions of precursor OLG cells, pedo-OLG cells and mature OLG cells in the cortex were examined by immunohistochemistry and the positive cells were counted.Results Compared with sham-operated group, the number of precursor OLG cells increased and the number of pedo-OLG cells and mature OLG cells decreased significantly in the control group (all P

The activation of coagulation system,especially in the occurrence and development of cardiogenic cerebral embolism,plays an important role.As one of the major preventive measures in ischemic stroke,the anticoagulant therapy is getting more and more attention.At the same time,the studies of anticoagulant drugs aiming to the intervention of different links in coagulation pathway have also made significant progress.

Alzhelmer's disease (AD) is an important neurodegenerative disease. Recent evidence has indicated that the production and loss of the myelin,sheath are associated with AD because the particular vulnerability of oligodendrocytes produced in the late stage makes the loss of the myelin sheath take a core position in the changes of the earliest stage of AD. The loss of the myelin sheath disrupts synchronization of impulses on which normal brain functions highly depend, and ultimately results in the function disruption of cortical association regions and subsequent neuronal loss. Meanwfiile, there are diverse mechanisms that make oligodendrocytes degeneration exist in the brains of AD. Therefore, elucidating its specific mechanism may help better understanding of AD, and thus provide some help for its treatment.