Objective To evaluate the effect of pneumatic ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URSL) for ureteral calculi.MethodsA total of 378 cases of ureteral calculi received URSL in our hospital by using F8/9.8 Wolf rigid ureteroscope and EMS Ⅱ pneumatic lithotripter(Switzerland).Among the cases,213 had calculi at the left side,158 at the right side,and 7 at the both sides;81 had the stones in the upper ureter,146 in the middle segment,and 158 in the lower part.Results In the cases,313 patients(320 sides) were cured after the first operation with a success rate of 82.8%(313/378).The success rates for the upper,middle,and lower ureteral calculi were 60.5%(49/81),84.2%(123/146),and 93.7%(148/158),respectively.The stones were removed completed in 1 to 8 weeks after the procedure.Fifteen patients were converted to an open surgery.In 3 patients,the URSL were stopped due to failure in placing the ureteroscope.The main postoperative complications in our series included perforation of the ureter(8 cases) and fever(13).Conclusions USRL is a safe,minimally invasive,and effective treatment.It should be the first choice for middle and lower ureteral calculi.

This study is to investigate the effect of high altitude hypoxia on the activity and protein expression of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. Rats from plain (P) and rats with acute middle altitude hypoxia (AMH), chronic middle altitude hypoxia (CMH), acute high altitude hypoxia (AHH) and chronic high altitude hypoxia (CHH) were administered orally phenytoin sodium (PHT) and omeprazole (OMZ) to evaluate the activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, separately. The serum concentrations of PHT and metabolite 4'-hydroxyphenytoin (HPPH) at 12 h after treatment and the serum concentrations of OMZ and metabolite 5-hydroxy omeprazole (5-OHOMZ) at 3 h after treatment were determined by RP-HPLC. The activity of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 was evaluated by the ratio of HPPH to PHT and the ratio of 5-OHOMZ to OMZ, respectively. The protein expressions of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 were determined by ELISA method. The activities of CYP2C9 (HPPH/PHT) in P, AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were 0.67 +/- 0.31, 0.75 +/- 0.29, 0.76 +/- 0.23, 0.79 +/- 0.31 and 0.75 +/- 0.18, respectively, and the activities of CYP2C19 (5-OHOMZ/OMZ) in P, AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were 0.17 +/- 0.06, 0.20 +/- 0.10, 0.11 +/- 0.05, 0.37 +/- 0.13 and 0.19 +/- 0.05, respectively. The protein expressions of CYP2C9 in P, AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were 4.20 +/- 1.27, 3.95 +/- 0.81, 3.93 +/- 1.11, 4.32 +/- 1.03 and 4.12 +/- 0.86 ng x g(-1), respectively, and the protein expressions of CYP2C19 in P, AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were 3.91 +/- 1.82, 3.63 +/- 2.07, 2.55 +/- 0.85, 4.78 +/- 2.37 and 3.51 +/- 1.03 ng x g(-1), respectively. The activities and protein expressions of CYP2C9 in AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were not significantly different with those of P. The protein expressions of CYP2C19 in AMH, CMH, AHH and CHH were not significantly different with those of P, but the activity of CYP2C19 in AHH was significantly higher than that of P. This study found significant changes in the activity of CYP2C19 under the special environment of acute high altitude hypoxia.

Objective: To investigate the effect of combined hypoxia and high fat diet (HFD) on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) of myocardium in experimental rats with its possible mechanisms.
Methods: A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, n=20 in each group. Control group, the rats were fed by normal diet with normal oxygen condition. Hypoxia group, the rats were fed by normal diet with simulated 5000m altitude oxygen condition. Combined hypoxia and HFD (H+HFD) group, the rats were fed by HFD and simulated 5000m altitude oxygen condition. All animals were treated for 4 weeks and peripheral blood and myocardium specimen were collected. Hemoglobin was examined by automatic blood cell analyzer, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by TBA method, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was detected by WST-1 method, mRNA and protein expressions of eNOS were examined by real time PCR and Western blot analysis respectively, the myocardium nitrates and nitrites (NOx) was measured by nitrate reductase method.
Results: Compared with Control group, Hypoxia group and H+HFD group had increased mRNA and protein expressions of eNOS, H+HFD group had lower NOx levels than the other 2 groups P<0.05. Compared with Hypoxia group, H+HFD group showed obviously increased total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and decreased SOD activity, diseased MDA level P<0.05.
Conclusion: Upon hypoxia alone, H+HFD may further reduce NOx level of myocardium, it implies aggravated chronic hypoxia impairment, which might be related to dyslipidemia and lack of anti-oxidative ability in experimental rats.

Objective To establish the expression profiles of microRNA (miRNA) in SMMC-7721 and CCC-HEL-1 cell lines in order to provide new clues to study the mechanism of miRNA function in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its treatment. Methods SMMC-7721 and CCC-HEL-1 cell lines were cultured in vitro. Total RNAs were extracted by TRIzol, followed by RNA quantification and quality control. The RNAs were used to detect the expression of miRNA in these two cell lines by miRNA array. The miRNA of interest was then verified by real-time PCR. Results In total,238 differentially expressed miRNAs were found, including 154 overexpressed and 84 underexpressed miRNAs. 64 miRNAs were upregulated more than 4 times and26 miRNAs were upregulated more than 10 times. 22 miRNAs were downregulated more than 4 times 10 miRNAs weredownregulated more than 5times, and 1 miRNA was downregulated more than 10 times. Real-time PCR validation suggested that has-miR-205 and has-let-7f in liver cancer increased by 2. 7 and 2. 3 times, respectively.Conclusion There are differences in the expression of miRNA between the SMMC-7721 and CCC-HEL-1 cell lines and the profiles of miRNA expression were established for both cell lines. It was found that has-miR-205 and has-let-7f were upregulated in liver cancer.

Objective: To explore the treatment effect of pedicled myocutaneous island flap of anterolateral thigh muscle on the suprapubic defect caused by bladder exstrophy in children. Methods: The clinical data of 3 adolescents with bladder exstrophy were analyzed. All 3 cases underwent one-stage Kelly procedure and received the treatment using pedicled myocutaneous island flap of anterolateral thigh muscle to repair the suprapubic defect. The bladder expansion was performed with ileal sarcoplasmic layer graft, and the Cohen ureteral reimplantation was performed as well, for 1 case 1, 1 year after the first operation. The others 2 patients didn′t receive the second operation. Results: All operations were successful. The femoral donor regions were directly closed. Postoperative follow-up period was 1-7 years. The myocutaneous island flaps were survived and grew well. All incisions of the femoral donor region were primary healing without scar hypertrophy. Urinary continence was achieved in 2 cases, and partially achieved in 1 case. Recurrent urinary tract infection, recurrent fever or abdominal pain were not observed in all patients. Conclusions The pedicled anterolateral thigh myocutaneous island flap is an alternative way to repair suprapubic defect caused by bladder exstrophy.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features of Herpes simplex virus encephalitis(HSE) with cerebral hematoma as the prominent manifestation and the significanc of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the diagnosis of HSE.Methods:The clinical manifestations, diagnostic process, clinical treatment and prognosis of a case of HSE with cerebral hematoma as the prominent manifestation at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine in June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.The relevant literatures were also searched and reviewed.Results:A 4-year-old boy presented with slight fever, headache, convulsion and vomiting was considered to have intracranial space-occupying lesions and possible intratumoral hemorrhage after undergoing imaging examination at a local hospital.The patient was checked by head CT in Shanghai Children′s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, which showed that there were many bleeding foci in the brain, indicating the possibility of complications of blood system diseases.Therefor the child was given the examination of blood routine and coagulation routine, but the results were normal, the bone marrow cytology was negative, the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of lumbar puncture was biochemically normal, and mNGS were 8×10 6/L.Besides, CSF smear, culture and next-generation sequencing were negative, the autoimmune encephalitis CSF testing was negative, and brain biopsy suggested inflammation.The mNGS brain tissue showed herpes simplex virus 1 was positive in two specimens, confirming the diagnosis of HSE.After 3 weeks of antiviral treatment with Aciclovir, the child′s condition improved.After a 5-month follow-up, the patient had quadriplegia and only had activities such as blinking and swallowing. Conclusions:When the intracerebral hemorrhage such as hematoma caused by encephalitis clinically can not be ruled out, the possibility of HSE should be considered, and mNGS is helpful for identifying the central ner-vous system pathogen.

: To investigate the protective effect of (FD) against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and its mechanism. : Human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells were divided into normal control group, model control group, FD 95% alcohol extract group, FD 50% alcohol extract group and FD decoction extract group. Gastric ulcer was induced by treatment with 1% ethanol in GES-1 cells. The cell proliferation was detected with MTT method in each group. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group, ranitidine group and low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose FD 95% alcohol extract groups (150, 300, 600 mg/kg). The corresponding drugs were administrated by gavage for The gastric ulcer model was induced by intragastric administration of anhydrous ethanol. The gastric ulcer area and ulcer inhibition rate of rats were measured in each group; the degree of gastricmucosal damage was observed by scanning electron microscopy; the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β in serum and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) in gastric tissues were detected by ELISA method. : 95% alcohol extract of FD had the strongest protective effect on proliferation of GES-1 cells. In animal experiments, compared with the normal control group, a large area of ulcers appeared on the gastric mucosa in the model control group, while the ulcer areas of the FD groups and ranitidine group were significantly smaller than that of the model control group (all <0.05). Compared with the model control group, FD groups and ranitidine group significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in serum and the MDA content in the gastric tissues, and increased the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH in gastric tissues (all <0.05). : The 95% alcohol extract of FD can reduce the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum and the content of MDA in gastric tissues, and increase the activity of SOD, CAT and GSH in gastric tissues to achieve the protective effect against gastric ulcer.
Animals ; Ethanol/toxicity* ; Gastric Mucosa ; Malondialdehyde ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stomach Ulcer/prevention & control* ; Superoxide Dismutase