Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on median effective target effect-site concentration ( EC50) of sufentanil inhibiting body movement evoked by skin incision in patients undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy. Methods Thirty-nine ASA I or II patients of both sexes aged 20-64 yr with a body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2 undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D). The patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0.1 g and scopolamine 0.3 mg. In group D dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg was injected iv over 10 min at S min before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and sufentanil. The target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 3.0 μg/ml which was maintained until the end of operation. TCI of sufentanil was started at 10 min after initiation of propofol TCI. The initial target effect-site concentration was set at 0.20 ng/ml and decreased/increased by 20% in the next patient according to whether the patient's body moved or not within 1 min after skin incision. Laryngeal mask airway was inserted at 3 min after initiation of sufentanil TCI. Spontaneous breathing was maintained. Skin incision was made at 10 min after initiation of sufentanil TCI. The EC50 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of sufentanil inhibiting skin incision-evoked body movement were calculated with sequential method. Results EC50, of sufentanil was 0.1148 ng/ml (95% CI 0.1055-0.1249 ng/ml) in group D and 0.1454 ng/ml (95% CI 0.1339-0.1580 ng/ml) in group C, and was significantly lower in group D than in group C. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg infused iv before operation can reduce the EC50 of sufentanil inhibiting body movement evoked by skin incision in patients undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy.

Background Studies showed that there exsits differential gene expression in human uveal melanoma (UM).However, the researching results are somewhat inconsistently abroad, while relevant literature is still less in China.Few domestic researches have reported the abnormalities of gene transcription level or the pathways of these genes.Objective This study was to compare the gene expression profiles between human UM and normal uvea tissues and analyze the metabolic pathways involved in these differentially expressed genes.Methods Four human UM samples were collected in Beijing Tongren Eye Center,and 4 pieces of normal uveal tissues from 4 donors served as controls.The expression of genes was detected with Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 chip,and the expression profiles were compared between two groups.The biological functions and active pathways of the genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis Software Toolkit (GOEAST).Results Compared with the normal controls,4 165 differential genes were screened in human UM (12.50％) ,including 1 236 up-regulated genes (3.71％) and 2 929 down-regulated genes (8.79％) ,in which the genes of raised more than 5-, 10-,50-and 100-fold were 113,21,1 and 1, respectively, and the genes of reduced by 50％ ,90％ ,98％ and 99％ were 1 053,422,33 and 5,respectively.The functions of these differentially expressed genes were associated with cellular differentiation and growth,development, cell adhension, immun response, transcriptional contol, signal transduction and anti-apoptosis.The metabolic pathways of differentially expressed genes included angiogenesis pathway, cell-cycle related protein kinase pathway and immune regulatory pathway (involving B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes).ConclusionsGene expression profiles are evidently different between human UM and normal uveal tissue.The variation of the gene profiles in human UM leads to the changes of multiple biological functions including angiogenesis and kinase pathway even immun system.It is implied that the pathogenesis of human UM is a comprehensive effect of multiple genes and biological pathways.

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine plus sufentanil during postoperative analgesia on sleep quality in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy.Methods Sixty patients (aged 30-55 years,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ) scheduled for hysterectomy were randomly divided into the following 2 groups: group C (n=30,sufentanil) and group D (n=30,sufentanil plus dexmedetomidine).Polysomnography measures were performed,the night before surgery (PSG1),the first night after surgery (PSG2),and the second night after surgery (PSG3).In addition,pain levels (visual analogue scale,VAS),sedation levels,sufentanil consumptions,and possible adverse effects on MAP,HR and SpO2 were investigated.Results Compared with PSG1,N1 stage sleep in group C and N2 stage sleep in group D were significantly increased (P<0.05),N1 stage sleep at PSG2 and PSG3 in group D was decreased (P<0.05);N3 and REM stage sleep,sleep efficiency index and subjective sleep quality were decreased,arousal index was increased in two groups (P<0.05).Compared with group C,N1 stage sleep was decreased,and N2 stage sleep was increased at PSG2 and PSG3 in group D (P<0.05);sleep efficiency index,subjective sleep quality were increased,arousal index in group D was decreased (P<0.05).Patients in group D had a lower VAS score and cumulative sufentanil consumption,MAP,HR at 6,24,48 h after surgery (P<0.05) and a higher sedation score at 6,24 h after surgery than those in group C (P<0.05).Conclusion Besides offering effective analgesia,postoperative dexmedetomidine infusion has positive effects on sleep disturbance in patients undergoing hysterectomy.

This study was aimed to determine effect of Bu-Shen Kang-Shuai (BSKS) Tablet on HO-1 mRNA and its associated oxidative stress levels among atherosclerotic rabbits. A total of 56 rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group (8 rabbits) and the experimental group (48 rabbits). Normal diet was given to the normal group. Atherosclerotic rabbits models were established in the experimental group. At the eighth week, rabblits in the experi-mental group were randomly divided into the model group, BSKS Tablet group and simvastatin group. Blood samples were collected before medication, 8-, 12-, 16-week after medication from rabbits of each group. Rabbits were sacri-ficed under aseptic conditions at the last blood collection. Expressions of aortic HO-1 mRNA and PPARα mRNA were measured by Q-PCR method. The level of MMP-9 was measured by immunohistochemical assay. Serum HbCO, COX-2 activity and cGMP level were measured by ELISA assay. The results showed that after the intervention of BSKS Tablet, serum HbCO level decreasd, cGMP was obviously increased. However, there was no obvious change on the COX-2 activity. The immunohistochemical assay showed that BSKS Tablet obviously reduced MMP-9 level of rabbits. There was only small amount of aortic HO-1 mRNA expression in the normal group. However, the expres-sion of aortic HO-1 mRNA in the atherosclerosis group was increased. After intervention of BSKS Tablet, the ex-pression of HO-1 mRNA was increased with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Simvastatin had similar antioxidant effect. It was concluded that the compound preparation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) BSKS Tablets had an important antioxidant effect in treatment of atherosclerosis. Its protective mechanism may be through the regulation of HO-1 mRNA gene expression and effects of HO-1/CO-cGMP pathway activities of related enzymes while peroxida-tion stability of atherosclerotic plaque.

Objective To observe the syndrome manifestations of rabbit atherosclerosis models and explore the syndrome attribution rules of the models.Methods The 24 male Japanese rabbits were randomized into a control group(n=8)and a experimental group(n=16).The control group was given normal feed,and the experimental group was treated with high-fat diet and immune injury and surgical injury through the femoral artery balloon.They were fed totally for 10 weeks.Vascular morphological changes and blood lipid determine were used to evaluate the models.The ear,tongue,eye,and the overall state of rabbits were regularly observed to see the changes of TCM syndromes.Results The rabbits of the experimental group gradually reduced the amount of activity in early stage.When the climate changed,their nasal secretion was increased,and they had wheezing breathing,fever and other common cold symptoms like red auricle.In the medium stage,the fatty plaque or belt around the eyes,cold auricle,and listlessness could be seen,and the blood fat was significantly higher than that of the control group.To the tenth week,the dark tongue with blood spots and purple cold auricle appeared in the rabbits of the experimental group.It was difficult to draw blood from the ear,and the emboli could be seen in the vessels of auricles.Compared with the control group,the oxidized low density lipoprotein and malondialdehyde of the experimental group were significantly increased,and the activity of superoxide dismutase decreased.Conclusion The syndromes of rabbit atherosclerosis models are in the changing state,in early stage they can be manifested as Qi deficiency,in middle stage the manifestation can be Qi deficiency with phlegm retention,and in late stage there will be Qi deficiency with blood stasis.The rule is similar to that of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in clinic.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is one of the complications of spinal cord injury, but its mechanism is unclear, different scholars have different points about whether all bones above and below the level of trauma are affected after spinal cord injury (SCI).OBJECTIVE: To observe the ultrastructure of bone tissue of secondary osteoporosis after spinal cord injury and the change of serum biochemical indexes, to analyze the suffered condition and injured degree of the bones above and below the level of the trauma.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experimentSETTING: Laboratory of Animals, and Department of Laboratory Medicine of the Second Clinical Hospital of Jilin University; Transmission Electron Microscope Center, Norman Bethune Division of Medical Sciences of Jilin UniversityMATERIALS: This experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Animals, Second Clinical Hospital of Jilin University from May 2002 to May 2003. Totally 110 male Wistar rats, aged 4 to 5 month-old, with the body mass of (300 -320)g were involved.METHODS: Ten rats were randomly chosen from 110 male Wistar rats and were set as 0 week blank control group, the ther rats were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, there were 10 rats in week 1, 2, 3, 7 and 11 control group and experimental group separately.1 mL/L of pentobarbital natrium was intraperitoneal injected to perform anesthesia, in the control group, lamina with dura intact of rats were removed only, without spinal cord injury at the level of tenth thoracic vertebrae. In the experimental group, lamina of rats was also removed, the spinal cord injury model of the rats were made by the method of Allen's.4 mL venous blood was collected from the animals at the end of postoperative week 0, week 1, week 2, week 3, week 7 and week 11, then the animals were put to death, perform blood centrifuging .We observe the change of serum concentration of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phophatase (ALP) with 7170A HITACHI auto-biochemistry analyzer. Right side humerus, tibia in week 0 blank control group, week 7 experimental group and week 11 experimental group were chosen, then 25 mL/L ethylene dinitrilotetraacetic acid was used for decalcium for 1 month for preparingthe sections. We observe the change of ultrastructure of osteocytes at the sites of tibial plateau and the surgical neck of the humerus after stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate under transmission electron microscope.biochemistry detection: the level of phosphorus at week 2 of the experiment was significantly lower in the control group than experiment group [(1.54±0.21),(2.76±0.16)mmol/L, (P ＜ 0.01)]; the level of calcium at week 3 in the experiment group was significantly higher than in the control group [(2.52±0.06),(2.35±0.12)mmol/L, (P ＜ 0.01)];the level of alkaline phophatase at week 7 in the experiment group was significantly higher than in the control group [(155.86±20.42), (129.25±7.30)Nμ/mg,operative week 7, the tibia sample showed that the osteocyte separated from the osseous lacuna, the nucleus showed anomaly, fluffed materials appeared. Mitochondrion swelled, rough endoplasmic hollowed; At week 11, osteocyte separated from the osseous lacuna. At postoperative 7 week,the humerus sample showed that osteocyte separated from osseous lacuna,some nucleus pycnosis and rough endoplasmic hollowed; At postoperative week 11, the above changes still were seen, but the degree of cellular swelling and hollowing were lighten.CONCLUSION: At the early stage of spinal cord injury, the activity of osteoclast is increased and the activity of osteoblast is decreased, which leads to the increase of bone absorption, the bone formation is largely weakened. The bones above and below the level of trauma are both affected after spinal cord injury, but different extents of osteoporosis can be seen in different bones .The change of ultrastructure of osteocytes is remarkable when osteoporosis has happened.

Objective To examine the effect of rapid infusion test guided by extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) on hemodynamics in critically ill patients at different states in order to guide volume resuscitation.Methods A prospective observation was conducted.Forty critically ill patients admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin Third Central Hospital from June 2012 to April 2014 were enrolled.Based on the levels of EVLWI and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and the cardiac function,the patients were divided into four groups:septic patients with normal EVLWI and PVPI (n =17),septic patients with increased EVLWI and PVPI (n =3),septic patients with increased EVLWI and normal PVPI (n =4),and coronary heart disease and heart failure patients with normal EVLWI and PVPI (n =16).The rapid infusion test was conducted in all patients using lactated Ringer solution 250 mL,followed by infusion of crystalloid with rate of 150 mL/h.The conditions of mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs were not changed during study.The changes in EVLWI,intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI),and cardiac index (CI) before capacity load,at immediate capacity load,and 15,45,105 minutes after load were determined by pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO).On the base of volume status before and after the liquid infusion,the standard for the changes were:stroke volume (SV) increased by 12％-15％,central venous pressure (CVP) greater ≥ 2 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),CI ＞ 15％,and ITBVI change greater than 10％.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the observed indicators at the each time point before and after rapid infusion test among the four groups (all P ＞ 0.05).In septic patients with normal EVLWI and PVPI group,ITBVI was slightly increased by 5.4％-9.7％ from 15 minutes to 45 minutes after rapid infusion test.In coronary heart disease and heart failure patients with normal EVLWI and PVPI group,the EVLWI was increased by 11.9％,5.9％,and 14.7％ respectirely at 15,45,and 105 minutes,ITBVI was slightly increased by 6.4％ at 45 minutes,CI was increased by 29.5％ immediately after rapid infusion.In septic patients with increased EVLWI and PVPI group,CVP was increased by 8 mmHg immediately,EVLWI was increased significantly by 15.8％ at 45 minutes,ITBVI was slightly decreased by 10.0％ at 45 minutes,CI was increased by 24.7％ immediately,and increased by 17.0％ at 105 minutes,and PVPI was increased by 15.6％-28.1％ at 15-105 minutes after rapid infusion.In septic patients with increased EVLWI and normal PVPI group,CVP was increased by 1.5 mmHg at 15 minutes,EVLWI was increased immediately,which was increased by 17.4％,24.0％,and 31.4％ respectively at 15,45,and 105 minutes,ITBVI was increased by 13.9％ at 15 minutes,CI was increased by 16.1％ at 15 minutes after rapid fluid infusion.Conclusions Rapid fluid replacement in critically ill patients with crystalloid,regardless of whether the EVLWI was normal or increased,the short-term response was affected by the volume and cardiac function of patients.Different status of patients showed different volume effect curve:no significant changes in hemodynamic parameters were found in patients with normal EVLWI and volume parameters.In patients with potential cardiac dysfunction,CI and EVLWI increased significantly; regardless of PVPI increased or normal,EVLWI and CI were increased in patients with elevated EVLWI; two different changes could be found in the two types of pulmonary edema while ITBVI was increased.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) on measurement of transpulmonary thermodilution parameters.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted. Fifty-six patients who received CVVH and hemodynamic monitoring at the same time admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin Third Central Hospital from July 2012 to July 2014 were enrolled. In all the patients, the dialysis catheter was inserted through the femoral vein, and transpulmonary thermodilution measurements were performed by pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) monitoring technology at the same time. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), central blood temperature, cardiac index (CI), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI), intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) were measured before CVVH, immediately after CVVH, and 30 minutes after CVVH, respectively.Results In the 56 patients, there were 36 males and 20 females, (66±16) years of old, height of (172±6) cm, body weight of (68±10) kg. The acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ) scores was 26±6. After CVVH,the central blood temperature was gradually decreased, and blood temperature at 30 minutes after CVVH was significantly lower than that before CVVH (℃: 37.17±1.06 vs. 37.57±1.26,P< 0.01). There were no significant changes in MAP and EVLWI before and after CVVH, the MAP was (89±20), (86±16), (90±17) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) at three time points respectively, and EVLWI was (9.4±3.2), (9.3±3.0), (9.4±2.9) mL/kg, respectively. After CVVH, CI, GEDVI and ITBVI showed a gradual downward tendency. Compared with those before CVVH, the decline of CI, GEDVI, and ITBVI immediately after CVVH was not statistically significant [CI (mL·s-1·m-2): 62.18±24.34 vs. 63.85±21.84, GEDVI (mL/m2): 705±103 vs. 727±100, ITBVI (mL/m2): 881±129 vs. 908±125, allP> 0.05]. CI, GEDVI, ITBVI at 30 minutes after CVVH were significantly decreased [CI (mL·s-1·m-2): 57.84±20.50 vs. 63.85±21.84, GEDVI (mL/m2):681±106 vs. 727±100, ITBVI (mL/m2): 851±133 vs. 908±125, allP< 0.05]. CVVH was associated with a decline of 6.01 mL·s-1·m-2 at 30 minutes after CVVH [95% confidence interval (95%CI) = -10.67 to -1.50,P = 0.011]. The declines of GEDVI and ITBVI were observed with 46 mL/m2 (95%CI = -81 to - 11,P = 0.014), 57 mL/m2 (95%CI =-101 to - 13,P = 0.014 ) respectively 30 minutes after CVVH.Conclusions CVVH had no significant effect on the transpulmonary thermodilution measurements of CI, GEDVI, ITBVI and EVLWI. Thirty minutes after the start of CVVH, CI, GEDVI and ITBVI was decreased significantly, but had no effect on EVLWI.

Objective:To observe whether the Simiao Yongan Decoction regulate the nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) expression and related factors in atherosclerosis(AS)rabbit model,thus restrain the occurrence of atherosclerosis and plaque formation.Methods:56 male Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into normal group,model group,Simvastatin group and Simiao Yongan Decoction group,in addition to the normal group,other groups were established aortic atherosclerotic plaque model.From the1st day of experiment,the corresponding drug intervention began,10 weeks later,the rabbits were killed over the weekend after the anesthesia line access aortic NF-?B immunohistochemical staining,and the experimental dynamic 0,3,6,10 weeks in serum TNF-?,IL-1 and MCP-1 content.Results:The expression of NF-?B p65 subunit in model group was rich,and compared with it,the expression of NF-?B p65 subunit in treatment groups decreased,and the Simiao Yongan Decoction can obviously inhibit the expression of NF-?B p65 subunit.In model group,the expressions of IL-1,TNF-?and MCP-1 in serum increased significantly at different time points(P

Objective To investigate the anti-tumor activities of cell-penetrating peptide ( CPP) - mediated trichosanthin ( TCS) , which is a recombinant protein obtained from Radix Trichosanthis. Methods Cysteine residue was introduced to the C-terminus of TCS by protein recombinant technique, and then with the newly-formed terminal as the modification site, TCS was coupled with CPP. As a target protein, CPP-mediated TCS was isolated and purified by affinity chromatography. The expression of the target protein and its responsiveness to reducing substances were detected by using the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cellular uptake rate of CPP-mediated TCS was determined by using cell uptake test, and its anti-tumor activity was measured by using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Results The TCS-CPP compound had been successfully developed in this study, and showed certain reducing responsiveness. After modified with CPP, TCS had higher cellular uptake rate and stronger anti-tumor effect on HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Conclusion TCS modified by CPP can enhance the anti-tumor activities of TCS.