BACKGROUND: Disoprofol has anti-apoptosis impact so that it can protect the neurons from damage caused by ischemia. However, it needs further study on the mechanism of anti-apoptosis of it. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of disoprofol to cell apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated gene in rats during reperfusion after global ischemia.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery of Beijing Tiantan Hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in Beijing Neurological Surgery Research Institute of Capital University of Medical Sciences during January 2003 to January 2004. A total of 23 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into ischemic group( n =9), disoprofol group( n =9) and sham operation group( n = 5).INTERVENTIONS: To prepare global ischemia-reperfusion model of rats. Disoprofol was injected into vein with dose of 1.5 mL/hour after reperfusion started in disoprofol group and lasted for 30 minutes. Five rats were selected from each group to be removed brain after reperfusion for 24 hours. Apoptosis rate and necrosis rate were detected by flow cytometer. Four rats selected from ischemic and disoprofol group were detected differential expression of apoptosis associated genes by gene chip combining image analysis techniques.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① apoptosis rate and necrosis rate; ②expression of apoptosis-associated gene detected by gene chip.RESULTS: The apoptosis rate[(7.01 ±0.79)% ] and necrosis rate[ ( 12. 80 ± 0. 92) % ] of neurons of hippocampus in disoprofol group were much lower than those of ischemic group [ (10. 89 ± 0. 80)%, (16. 67 ± 1.04)% ](P ＜ 0.01) . Compared with ischemic group, the three apoptosis associated genes including apoptotic prote ase activating factor 1 (APAF1), death effector domain containing testicular molecular mRNA(DEFT) and STM-2 were down regulated.CONCLUSION: Disoprofol can protect the brain and its mechanism might be related to the down regulation of three apoptosis associated genes including APAF1, DEFT and STM-2.

Objective To identify the application of puncture biopsy under ultrasound guidance in diagnosis of bone tumor.Methods The results of ultrasonic puncture biopsy were comparatively analysed with that of imaging diagnosis and postoperative-pathological diagnosis in 17 patients with bone tumors.Results The giant cell tumor of bone were diagnosed by puncture biopsy in 8 cases,by imaging in 12 cases and by pathology,postoperation in 9 cases,the corresponding rate was 66.7% and 88.9% respectively.Bone cyst in 2 cases,fibrous dysplasia in 2 cases,metastasis from lung carcinoma in one case,osteosarcoma in 2 cases were confirmed by both pathology and puncture biopsy.The aneurysmal bone cyst in one case was diagnosed by imaging,but no blood-like fluid was harvested in puncture,one case of metastasis in proximal femur,one case of fibrous dysplasia and one case of osteosarcoma were diagnosed by imaging,while one case,2 cases and one case diagnosed by puncture respectively.One case of bone cyst was confirmed by imaging,puncture biopsy and pathology.Conclusion The puncture biopsy under ultrasound guidance is of high diagnostic rate in bone tumors,it is a good choice for the diagnosis of bone tumor.

The relationship of dose and effect in TCM formulae was an important subject in the TCM modernization research.Some characteristic properties of TCM dose-effect relationship were proposed in this paper: the dose-effect relationship of TCM had a specifi c regulation from the whole-view idea in traditional medical theories besides common properties,nonlinear character from the compatibility of medicine properties,and multi-effects varied with the different compatibility from the alternation of doses.The subjects of dose-effect relationship included single medicine,drug pair and formulae.The study on the dose-effect relationship of TCM might be helpful to the explanation of conception,connotation,ideas and methods of TCM,provide scientifi c supports and instructions for the TCM clinical practices,and provide research bases for the TCM innovation.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane required to inhibit the body movement during skin incision. Methods Forty-eight ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 40-60 yr with body mass index of 22-27 kg/m2 undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (group C, n = 15);low dose dexmedetomidine group (group D1, n = 17) and high dose dexmedetomidine group (group D2, n = 16). The patients were unpremedicated. Dexmedetomidine 0.4 and 0.8 μg/kg in normal saline (NS) 15 ml was infused over 15 min before induction of anesthesia in D1 and D2 groups respectively. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl-propofol-succinylcholine. The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. MAC of isoflurane was determined by up-and-down technique. The initial end-tidal isofiurane concentration was set at 1.0%, 0.8% and 0.6% in C, D1 and D2 groups respectively. Each time the end-tidal isoflurane concentration was increased/decreased by 0.2%. Skin incision was made after 15 min of equilibration, when the twitch height returned to more than 90% of its control value. Movement of body and limbs including swallowing and coughing were carefully looked for when skin incision was made. MAC of isoflurane was the mean of end-tidal concentration of isoflurane of each crossover pair, and 95 % CI was calculated. Results MAC of isoflurane was significantly decreased in D1 and D2 groups as compared with group C and in group D2 as compared with group D1( P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can significantly decrease MAC of isoflurane required to inhibit the body movement during skin incision in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on median effective target effect-site concentration ( EC50) of sufentanil inhibiting body movement evoked by skin incision in patients undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy. Methods Thirty-nine ASA I or II patients of both sexes aged 20-64 yr with a body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2 undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D). The patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0.1 g and scopolamine 0.3 mg. In group D dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg was injected iv over 10 min at S min before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and sufentanil. The target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 3.0 μg/ml which was maintained until the end of operation. TCI of sufentanil was started at 10 min after initiation of propofol TCI. The initial target effect-site concentration was set at 0.20 ng/ml and decreased/increased by 20% in the next patient according to whether the patient's body moved or not within 1 min after skin incision. Laryngeal mask airway was inserted at 3 min after initiation of sufentanil TCI. Spontaneous breathing was maintained. Skin incision was made at 10 min after initiation of sufentanil TCI. The EC50 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of sufentanil inhibiting skin incision-evoked body movement were calculated with sequential method. Results EC50, of sufentanil was 0.1148 ng/ml (95% CI 0.1055-0.1249 ng/ml) in group D and 0.1454 ng/ml (95% CI 0.1339-0.1580 ng/ml) in group C, and was significantly lower in group D than in group C. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg infused iv before operation can reduce the EC50 of sufentanil inhibiting body movement evoked by skin incision in patients undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness analysis of fine nursing care on quality of nursing of critically ill patients with stroke. Methods The control group who came from the neurology department of our hospital between February and April in 2015 were given the routine care. The test group who came from the neurology department of our hospital between May and July in 2015 were given the fine nursing care. The quality of nursing and satisfaction of the relatives of patients were compared. Results In the test group, unqualified rates of nursing quality was 8.8%(81/924) and satisfaction of the relatives of patient was 90.9% (229/252); In the control group, unqualified rates of nursing quality was 22.5%(183/814) and satisfaction of the relatives of patient was 82.0%(182/222).There were significant differences between two teams (χ2=63.191, 8.096, P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions Fine nursing care can significantly improve the quality of nursing, improve the nurse-patient relationship and improve satisfaction of the relatives of patients.

Background Studies showed that there exsits differential gene expression in human uveal melanoma (UM).However, the researching results are somewhat inconsistently abroad, while relevant literature is still less in China.Few domestic researches have reported the abnormalities of gene transcription level or the pathways of these genes.Objective This study was to compare the gene expression profiles between human UM and normal uvea tissues and analyze the metabolic pathways involved in these differentially expressed genes.Methods Four human UM samples were collected in Beijing Tongren Eye Center,and 4 pieces of normal uveal tissues from 4 donors served as controls.The expression of genes was detected with Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 chip,and the expression profiles were compared between two groups.The biological functions and active pathways of the genes were analyzed by Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis Software Toolkit (GOEAST).Results Compared with the normal controls,4 165 differential genes were screened in human UM (12.50％) ,including 1 236 up-regulated genes (3.71％) and 2 929 down-regulated genes (8.79％) ,in which the genes of raised more than 5-, 10-,50-and 100-fold were 113,21,1 and 1, respectively, and the genes of reduced by 50％ ,90％ ,98％ and 99％ were 1 053,422,33 and 5,respectively.The functions of these differentially expressed genes were associated with cellular differentiation and growth,development, cell adhension, immun response, transcriptional contol, signal transduction and anti-apoptosis.The metabolic pathways of differentially expressed genes included angiogenesis pathway, cell-cycle related protein kinase pathway and immune regulatory pathway (involving B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes).ConclusionsGene expression profiles are evidently different between human UM and normal uveal tissue.The variation of the gene profiles in human UM leads to the changes of multiple biological functions including angiogenesis and kinase pathway even immun system.It is implied that the pathogenesis of human UM is a comprehensive effect of multiple genes and biological pathways.

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance in and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of Campylobacter jejuni in meat and meat products in Liaoning Province, so as to provide insights into the management of C. jejuni infection. Methods: Nine C. jejuni isolates from meat and meat products in 2020 were subjected to whole genome sequencing, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was measured with the agar dilution method. MLST of C. jejuni isolates was performed with the microbial resistance mechanism traceability reference database and analysis system. Results: Six drug-resistant C. jejuni isolates were detected, and there were four multidrug-resistant isolates. There were six C. jejuni isolates resistant to tetracycline, five isolates resistant to nalidixic acid, four isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin, two isolates resistant to florfenicol, one isolate resistant to gentamicin and one isolate resistant to streptomycin. Nine C. jejuni isolates showed sensitive to azithromycin, chloramphenicol and clindamycin. MLST identified six ST types in nine C. jejuni isolates, with ST45 and ST2274 as the predominant type, and detected one isolate with unclassified ST type. Phylogenetic analysis showed that KW028 and KW029 of ST45 type were closely related and had high homology, and KW040 and KW042 of ST2274 type were closely related with high homology, while KW007 of ST6701 type was closely related to KW040 and KW042 of ST2274 type, with only one pgm housekeeper gene in difference. Conclusions High resistance to tetracycline, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was detected in nine C. jejuni isolates from meat and meat products, and ST45 and ST2274 were predominant ST types of C. jejuni.

Objective To examine the effect of rapid infusion test guided by extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) on hemodynamics in critically ill patients at different states in order to guide volume resuscitation.Methods A prospective observation was conducted.Forty critically ill patients admitted to Department of Critical Care Medicine of Tianjin Third Central Hospital from June 2012 to April 2014 were enrolled.Based on the levels of EVLWI and pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and the cardiac function,the patients were divided into four groups:septic patients with normal EVLWI and PVPI (n =17),septic patients with increased EVLWI and PVPI (n =3),septic patients with increased EVLWI and normal PVPI (n =4),and coronary heart disease and heart failure patients with normal EVLWI and PVPI (n =16).The rapid infusion test was conducted in all patients using lactated Ringer solution 250 mL,followed by infusion of crystalloid with rate of 150 mL/h.The conditions of mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs were not changed during study.The changes in EVLWI,intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI),and cardiac index (CI) before capacity load,at immediate capacity load,and 15,45,105 minutes after load were determined by pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO).On the base of volume status before and after the liquid infusion,the standard for the changes were:stroke volume (SV) increased by 12％-15％,central venous pressure (CVP) greater ≥ 2 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa),CI ＞ 15％,and ITBVI change greater than 10％.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the observed indicators at the each time point before and after rapid infusion test among the four groups (all P ＞ 0.05).In septic patients with normal EVLWI and PVPI group,ITBVI was slightly increased by 5.4％-9.7％ from 15 minutes to 45 minutes after rapid infusion test.In coronary heart disease and heart failure patients with normal EVLWI and PVPI group,the EVLWI was increased by 11.9％,5.9％,and 14.7％ respectirely at 15,45,and 105 minutes,ITBVI was slightly increased by 6.4％ at 45 minutes,CI was increased by 29.5％ immediately after rapid infusion.In septic patients with increased EVLWI and PVPI group,CVP was increased by 8 mmHg immediately,EVLWI was increased significantly by 15.8％ at 45 minutes,ITBVI was slightly decreased by 10.0％ at 45 minutes,CI was increased by 24.7％ immediately,and increased by 17.0％ at 105 minutes,and PVPI was increased by 15.6％-28.1％ at 15-105 minutes after rapid infusion.In septic patients with increased EVLWI and normal PVPI group,CVP was increased by 1.5 mmHg at 15 minutes,EVLWI was increased immediately,which was increased by 17.4％,24.0％,and 31.4％ respectively at 15,45,and 105 minutes,ITBVI was increased by 13.9％ at 15 minutes,CI was increased by 16.1％ at 15 minutes after rapid fluid infusion.Conclusions Rapid fluid replacement in critically ill patients with crystalloid,regardless of whether the EVLWI was normal or increased,the short-term response was affected by the volume and cardiac function of patients.Different status of patients showed different volume effect curve:no significant changes in hemodynamic parameters were found in patients with normal EVLWI and volume parameters.In patients with potential cardiac dysfunction,CI and EVLWI increased significantly; regardless of PVPI increased or normal,EVLWI and CI were increased in patients with elevated EVLWI; two different changes could be found in the two types of pulmonary edema while ITBVI was increased.