OBJECTIVE To investigate the common pathogens and predisposing factors of postoperative pneumonia in patients with chest tumor.METHODS The data of 279 cases of postoperative pneumonia for open chest surgery were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS The prevalence of postoperative pneumonia for open chest surgery were mainly due to Gram-negative bacteria(41.4%).Gram-positive bacteria and fungis weighed 32.6% and 26%.The risk factors of postoperative pneumonia in chest tumor were aged,severe underlying disease, use of broad-spectrum antibiotics,surgery trauma,mechanical ventilation and invasive treatments patients.CONCLUSIONS It is very important to enforce the preoperative comprehensive management of open chest operation in order to reduce the incidence and mortality of postoperative pneumonia in chest tumor.

OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for reducing disadvantageous drug-drug interaction(DDI)and avoiding adverse drug event(ADE). METHODS: The patients aged more than 65 were selected from cardiovascular department in our hospital dur-ing Jun. 2015-Mar. 2016. The influential factors for potential DDI(PDDI)-induced ADE were analyzed. The relationship of related factors with PDDI-induced ADE was analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS:A total of 328 patients were included,involving 257 PDDI patients,and totally 452 cases of PDDI (including 247 cases of mild PDDI,149 cases of general PDDI and 56 cases of severe PDDI). The age,the number of drugs used simultaneously,Ccr and liver function (Child-Pugh score)were related to the occurrence of PDDI-induced ADE(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:For PDDI-induced ADE,the risk evalua-tion can be conducted for a series of factors,including age,the number of drugs used simultaneously,Ccr and liver function. For high-risk patients,intervene should be conducted in advance to reduce the risk of ADE.

To evaluate the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose(TFG)in outpatients with essential hypertension and the influencing factors.Methods 1026 essential hypertensive outpatients aged 15-87 years[531 males and 495 females,mean age(51.6±12.5)years]who visited Xuanwu hospital between February 2004 and January 2007 were recruited in the study.Their medical history,blood pressure,height,weight,waist ircumferences(WC),hip circumference(HC),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),TC,TG,LDL-C,HDL-C were detected and analyzed.Results The abnormal rate of FPG in hypertensive outpatients was 38.5% and incidence of IFG was 30.5%.The differences of gender,systolic blood pressure,BMI,waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),TG,TC between the normal glucose group and the IFG group were significant Gender,family history of diabetes mellitus,TC and LDL-C enter into the logistic regression model(P<0.05).Conclusions The detection rate of IFG is high in hypertensive outpatients and it is related with gender,family history of diabetes mellitus and disorders of lipid metabolism.

Objective To investigate the effects of aggrecanase-2 knockdown in chondrocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patient by shRNA infection.Methods Cartilage harvested from rheumatoid arthritis patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty was digested by pancreatin and type Ⅱ collagen enzyme to obtain chondrocytes.Then chondrocytes were cultured and passaged to second or third generation.After aggrecanase-2 shRNA5,aggrecanase-2 shRNA6,aggrecanase-2 shRNA7,aggrecanase-2 shRNA8 infection,growth and morphological changes of the chondrocytes were examined.To select the best target sequence,mRNA expression of aggrecanase-2 and aggrecan was detected by RT-qPCR assay on day 2,5,10,represented with Ct (Cycle threshold) value.Expression of aggrecan protein was detected by immunocytochemistry,represented with IOD (integral optical density) value.Results aggrecanase-2 knockdown had no obvious effects on the morphology and growth of the chondrocytes.MOI (multiplicity of infection) was 100,50,25,and infection efficiency was 90％,60％,30％ with the corresponding viral load of 200 μl,100 μl,50 μl after transfection.mRNA expression of aggrecanase-2 was suppressed significantly,especially the group of shRNA5 which suppressed aggrecanase-2 expression from 0.876 3±0.115 6 to 0.069 9±0.015 1 (P ＜ 0.05).mRNA and protein expression of aggrecan were significantly upregulated after infection.mRNA expression of aggrecan increased from 0.992 1±0.201 3 to 3.049 2±0.278 2 (P ＜ 0.05) and protein expression of aggrecan increased from 496.160 5± 225.673 7 to 4 525.433 0±1 131.813 0 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion aggrecanase-2 suppression in chondrocytes by lentivirius infection is an effective method to protect the expression of aggrecan.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) in neonatal rat hippocampus.MethodsForty-eight SD rats of both sexes,aged 7 days,weighing 12-17 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n =24 each):control group (group C) and isoflurane anesthesia group (group Ⅰ).In group Ⅰ,the rats were exposed to2.5％ isotlurane for 3 min and then 1.5％ isoflurane was inhaled for 4 h,while in group C the rats were exposed to air for4 h.Arterial blood samples were collected immediately after anesthesia for blood gas analysis and for determination of the blood glucose concentration.Five rats in each group were sacrificed at 0,6,24 and 48 h after anesthesia (T1-4) and hippocanpi were removed for determination of the expression of potassiumchloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2),potassium-chloride cotrmsporter 1 (NKCC1),BDNF and p-ERK by Western blot.NKCC1/KCC2 ratio was calculated.ResultsAcid-base imbalance,hypoxemia and glycopenia were not found immediately after anesthesia in both groups.Compared with group C,KCC2 expression was significantly down-regulated and NKCC1/KCC2 ratio was increased at T3 and T4,and the expression of BDNF and p-ERK was dewn-regnlated at T1 and T2 in group Ⅰ (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in NKCCI expression at each time point between groups Ⅰ and C ( P ＞ 0.05 )、ConclusionIsoflurane anesthesia delays the neuronal development in neonatal rat hippocampus through down-regulating the expression of BDNF and p-ERK.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of fungus infection and risk factor of postoperation patients with tumors. METHODS We analyzed 1 256 postoperation patients in our hospital ICU from Aug 2000 to Aug 2004,and found that there were 88 fungus infection patients(7%),the pathogens were tested and analyzed. RESULTS The fungus infection,which dominated in respiratory tract and digestive tact,had an increasing tendency,the most prevalent fungus of infection was Candida albicans. CONCLUSIONS The risk factors of fungus infection are mechanical ventilation,the useness of antibiotics,radiotherapychemotherapy,and invasive treatment,it is very important to diagnose early and treat in time.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ulinastatin pretreatment on cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic exposure to ketamine in immature mice.Methods Thirty-six healthy male C57BL/6 mice,aged 21 days,weighing 20-30 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),ketamine group (group K),and ulinastatin pretreatment group (group U).In K and U groups,ketamine 30 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally three times a day at 30-minute intervals for 21 consecutive days,while in group U,ulinastatin 50 000 U/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before the first injection of ketamine everyday.Cognitive function was assessed using Morris water maze and open field tests at 24 h after the last administration of ketamine.Mice in each group were sacrificed immediately after the end of the tests and hippocampi were harvested to determine the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) using ELISA.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the time spent in the original platform and in the central area for the open field was shortened,the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased,and the contents of IL-1,IL-6,and TNF-α were increased in group K (P ＜ 0.05),while there were no significant differences in the indexes mentioned above in group U (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group K,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the time spent in the original platform and in the central area for the open field was prolonged,the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased,and the contents of IL-1,IL-6,and TNF-α were decreased in group U (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ulinastatin pretreatment can improve cognitive dysfunction induced by chronic exposure to ketamine in immature mice,and inhibition of inflammatory responses in hippocampi may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective: To study the relationship between sugar sweetened beverages consumption characteristics and insomnia of college students in Yunnan Province, so as to provide evidence for sleep quality improvement of college students. Methods: A cluster random sampling method was used to select 2 515 college students from two universities (Kunming University and Dali Nursing Vocational College) in Kunming and Dali in Yunnan Province for a longitudinal study, including baseline survey (T1, November 2021) and three follow up surveys (T2: June 2022, T3: November 2022, T4: June 2023). Sugar sweetened beverages consumption of college students was collected by Semi quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire and insomnia was assessed by Insomnia Severity Index Scale. Sugarsweetened beverages consumption was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. The Mann-Whiter U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the detection rate of insomnia in college students with different population characteristics, and the generalized estimating equations model was established to analyze the association between sugar sweetened beverages consumption and insomnia. Results: The reported rate of insomnia among college students from T1 to T4 was 21.2%, 23.6%, 30.5 % and 36.0%, respectively. The median of sugar sweetened beverages consumption per week was 5 (1,9) bottles per person, and there were significant differences in sugar sweetened beverages (carbonated beverages, fruit beverages, tea beverages, milk beverages, energy beverages) consumption among college students with different insomnia status ( χ 2=42.91, 23.67, 29.98, 61.70, 30.82, P <0.01). The analysis of the generalized estimating equation model revealed that the consumption of carbonated beverages ( β= 0.04, 95%CI =0.00-0.08) and the consumption of milk beverages among college students ( β=0.04, 95%CI =0.00-0.09) were correlated with insomnia ( P <0.05). The stratified analysis indicated that consumption of carbonated beverages by female college students was associated with insomnia [ β(95%CI )=0.06(0.01-0.11)]; consumption of milk beverages among college students from middle income family was associated with insomnia [ β (95% CI )=0.05(0.00-0.10)], and consumption of carbonated beverages and fruit beverages from college students with high household economic status were both associated with insomnia [ β (95% CI )=0.35(0.23-0.46), 0.12(0.00-0.24)] ( P <0.05). Conclusion Sugar sweetened beverages, especially carbonated beverages, are associated with insomnia among college students in Yunnan Province.