Objective To observe the correlation between protein C activity-dependent clotting time-normalized ratio (PCAT-NR) and the related blood coagulation parameters,e.g.,fibrinogen (Fib),factor Ⅶ coagulant activity (Ⅶ:C),factor Ⅷcoagulant activity (F Ⅷ:C),antithrombin (AT),D-dimer (DD) in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods One hundred cases of patients who were diagnosed as acute cerebral infarction according to clinical manifestations and imaging examinations were taken as the test group and 75 healthy subjects were taken as control group.The values of Fib,FⅦ:C,FⅧ:C,AT,PCAT-NR,DD were tested and the difference between the two groups were compared.The differences of Fib,FⅦ:C,FⅧ:C,DD and AT between declined PCAT-NR group and normal PCAT-NR group in the patients with acute cerebral infarction were analyzed.The correlations of PCAT-NR with other coagulation parameters in acute cerebral infarction cases were compared.Results The values of Fib (3.38 ± 1.25) g/L,F Ⅶ:C (130.5 ± 15.9) ％,FⅧ:C (135.8 ± 43.1) ％ and DD (2.12:±:3.01) mg/L in the acute cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those of control group,while the values of AT (83.94 ± 14.95) ％ and PCAT-NR (0.87 ± 0.23) in test group were significantly lower than those the control group (P＜0.05).The values of Fib (4.03 ± 1.25)g/L,FⅦ:C (138.2 ±6.9)％ and FⅧ:C (151.5 ± 54.9)％ of PCAT-NR declined group in the patients with acute cerebral infarction were significantly higher than those of PCAT-NR normal group (P ＜ 0.05),while the values of DD,AT were not statistically different between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The values of PCAT-NR were significantly negatively correlated with Fib,FⅧ:C and DD in the patients with acute cerebral infarction (r =-0.484,-0.356 and-0.473,respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no correlation of PCAT-NR with FⅦ:C and AT (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The PCAT-NR decline was associated with high coagulation state in patients with acute cerebral infarction.This decline has some correlation with high level of blood clotting factor Ⅷ and Fib.

This is a prospective study on early discovery and diagnosis to cerebral palsy(CP).Fivehundred and forty cases with high risk neonates who were born from July 1. 1993 to December 31. 1994 infour districts in Beijing were monitored for one year.Eight cases were diagnosed for CP from 38 suspiciouscases by examining specific primitive reflex. nerve reflex.muscular tension. early symptoms and CT orMRI.etc. The study indicates that it is very important for decreasing CP incidence to strengthen healthmeasures in perinatal period and to avoid premature infant birth.

Objective To estimate the effect of itermittent subglottic secretions drainage(ISSD)on management of artificial airway to prevent tube-related pulmonary pneumonia.Methods One hundred ICU patients with intubation for artificial airway were divided equally into control and experiment group by random digits table.Both were managed with construction of artificial airway and besides the experiment group received ISSD. The two groups were compared in terms of incidence and occurrence time of catheter-related pneumonia, time for airway opening and ICU stay.Result The incidence and the occurrence time of pneumonia, time for airway opening and ICU stay time in the experiment group were significantly lower or shorter than those in the control group with statistical difference(all P<0.05).Conclusion ISSD is effective in decreasing the incidence of catheter related pneumonia, shortening the occurrence time of catheter related pneumonia and ICU stay time for the patients with artificial airway.

Objective To compare the advantages and disadvantages of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and phenol block in the treatment of spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Methods Four hundred and twenty children with spastic cerebral palsy were divided into an experimental group (375 cases) and a control group (45 cases).The children were aged from 1 to 22 years ( average age 6 years).The children in the experimental group were treated with BTX-A block at a dosage of 55 to 350 IU (average 130.5 IU).The children in the control group were treated with a 5％ phenol solution block at a dosage of 0.5 to 4.6 ml ( average 2.2 ml).Children of both groups were given systematic functional rehabilitation training. All the children were evaluated with a physician rating scale (PRS) and the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) before and after the blocking.Effectiveness rates,effectiveness durations and side effects rates were calculated. Results Before treatment there was no significant difference in terms of motor disorder or spasticity between the 2 groups.After treatment,spasticity had been significantly reduced in both groups.The effectiveness rate was 98.4％ in the experimental group and 95.6％ in the control group,a difference which was not significant.The average effectiveness duration was ( 24.9 ± 5.76 ) weeks in the experimental group and ( 69.2 ± 13.76) weeks in the control group,significantly longer.The side effects rate was 5.33 ％ in the experimental group and 15.56％ in the control group,also a significant difference. Conclusion BTX-A could be more widely used because of its safety and credibility.

Objective To determine the in vitro antibacterial activity of levornidazole against 375 anaerobic isolates.Methods Agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)of levornidazole,3 comparators (metronidazole,ornidazole and dextrornidazole)against 375 anaerobic isolates.Results For anaerobic gram-negative and gram-positive bacilli,and anaerobic gram-positive cocci,levornidazole displayed activity similar to or slightly higher than that of met-ronidazole,ornidazole and dextrornidazole.Levornidazole showed good activity against B.fragilis,Bacteroides thetaiotaomi-cron ,Clostridium difficile ,Clostridium perfringens ,and Peptostreptococcus magnus .The MIC90 value of levornidazole a-gainst the above-mentioned anaerobes was 0.5,1,0.25,2 and 1 mg/L,respectively.However,levornidazole and the compa-rators had poor antibacterial activity against Veillonella spp.among anaerobic gram-negative cocci.Conclusions The in vitro anti-anaerobic activity of levornidazole is similar to or slightly higher than that of metronidazole, ornidazole and dex-trornidazole.Levornidazole has good activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobic bacilli,and gram-positive anaerobic cocci,suggesting its promising clinical use.

Objective To investigate whether the curative effect of Botulinum Toxic A(BTX-A) block increased and prolonged when the dose calculated according to certain formula.Methods 15 children with cerebral palsy(CP) were appointed as the trial group and the dose of BTX-A was calculated according to the designed formula.The other 58 CP children were appointed as the control group and the BTX-A dose was determined by routine method.Results After treatment,the motor function of the children in trial group was superior to that in the control group(P<0.05) and the duration of therapeutic effect of the trial group was significantly longer than the control group(P<0.001).Conclusion BTX-A dose calculated according to the formula can increase effect and prolong the duration.

Objective To investigate the optimal dose of botulinum toxic A(BTX-A)for releasing spasticity of cerebral palsy(CP)and related factors.Methods 39 children with CP was treated by BTX-A injected in local muscles to release the spasticity.Results After treatment,23 children had good curative effect.In them,15 cases were male,8 cases were female,the mean age was 60.7±26.9 months(range 33 to 145 months).There was no correlation between the optimal unit dose of BTX-A and those including sex,age,body weight,diagnosis type,degree of Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS),etiological factor and the injections.There was a linear positive correlation between the optimal unit dose of BTX-A and the score of Modified Ashworth Scale(MAS).Conclusion BTX-A can release the spasticity of CP children,the injecting dose is correlated with MAS score.

ObjectiveTo test the reliability of Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS) among different raters.MethodsUsing the Chinese translation vision of the GMFCS,5 doctors(raters) determined the level of each cerebral palsy(CP) child(aged 0～12) independently.After finishing classification of all the 23 CP children's level,the reasons of disparities among raters were discussed and analyzed,and the supplementary classification sentences were formulated.ResultsThere was no statistic significant difference in classifications among 5 raters,the GMFCS levels were correlated well with mobility and self-care domain scores in comprehensive function assessment,and higher degree of agreement could be achieved by referring to the supplementary classification sentences while classifying.ConclusionFor classifying the level of gross motor function of CP children,Chinese translation vision of the GMFCS has high degree of reliability.

ObjectiveTo explore the relations between the alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and the type of cerebral palsy. MethodsThe ALP level of 40 children with different types of cerebral palsy were examined with the Olympus AU-600 apparatus. ResultsThe ALP value of the children with spastic cerebral palsy is normal. The ALP value of the children with athetoid cerebral palsy is higher than spastic cerebral palsy(P<0.001).Conclusions The ALP value can help us to identify the type of cerebral palsy.

This paper introduced the framework and approach, explained the new categories, and elaborated the implementation of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (Children and Youth Version) (ICF-CY) in fields of rehabilitation for children with disabilities. The publishing and distribution of ICF-CY international Chinese version would be a big thing for the Chinese to implement ICF in related fields.