Objective To investigate the effect of Shenxiong-Huayu capsule on the expression of NF-κB p65 in CA1 area of hippocampus of vascular dementia rats.Methods 40 SD rata were evenly divided into 4 groups:normal control group,sham-operation group,model group and Shenxiong-Huayu capsule intervention group.Established vascular dementia rat models by common carotid artery repeatedly occlusion and sodium nitroprusside intraperitoneal injection.The learning and memory abilities of rats were detected by Morris water maze; the expression of NF-κB p65 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results ① The expression of NF-κB p65 in the CA1 area of hippocampus was increased in the model group than in the sham-operation group and normal control group (P＜0.01).② The expression of NF-κB p65 in the CA1 area of hippocampus was decreased in the Shenxiong-Huayu capsule intervention group than in the model group (P＜0.01).Conclusion Shenxiong-Huayu capsule can reduce the expression of NF-κB p65 protein in CA1 area of hippocampus and improve the learning and memory abilities in vascular dementia rats.